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ASTM D5798-06

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines

Standard Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a fuel blend, nominally 75 to 85 volume % denatured fuel ethanol and 25 to 15 additional volume % hydrocarbons for use in ground vehicles with automotive spark-ignition engines. Appendix X1 discusses the significance of the properties specified.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Annex A1, of this specification.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jul-2006
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.A0.02 - Oxygenated Fuels and Components
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5798-99(2004) - Standard Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006
Replaced By
ASTM D5798-07 - Standard Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM F2874-20 - Standard Specification for One Time Use Portable Emergency Fuel Containers (PEFC) for Use by Consumers
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7757-22 - Standard Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and Related Products by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7923-19 - Standard Test Method for Water in Ethanol and Hydrocarbon Blends by Karl Fischer Titration
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006
Referred By
ASTM D86-23 - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006
Referred By
ASTM D5797-21 - Standard Specification for Methanol Fuel Blends (M51–M85) for Methanol-Capable Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006
Referred By
ASTM D5501-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Ethanol and Methanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20 % Ethanol by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7577-12(2021) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Accelerated Iron Corrosion Rating of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Ethanol Fuel Blends
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006
Referred By
ASTM D3120-08(2019) - Standard Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcoulometry
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006
Referred By
ASTM F852/F852M-22 - Standard Specification for Portable Gasoline, Kerosene, and Diesel Containers for Consumer Use
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7563-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Ability of Engine Oil to Emulsify Water and Simulated Ed85 Fuel
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006
Referred By
ASTM D6423-20a - Standard Test Method for Determination of pHe of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Ethanol Fuel Blends
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006
Referred By
ASTM D5191-22 - Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Mini Method)
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006
Referred By
ASTM D8011-19 - Standard Specification for Natural Gasoline as a Blendstock in Ethanol Fuel Blends or as a Denaturant for Fuel Ethanol
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006

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ASTM D5798-06 - Standard Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition EnginesASTM D5798-06 - Standard Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
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ASTM D5798-06 - Standard Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 5798 – 06
Standard Specification for
Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition
1
Engines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5798; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and
Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,
1.1 This specification covers a fuel blend, nominally 75 to
and Related Products
85 volume % denatured fuel ethanol and 25 to 15 additional
D1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water
volume % hydrocarbons for use in ground vehicles with
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
automotive spark-ignition engines.Appendix X1 discusses the
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
significance of the properties specified.
D2988 Test Methods for Water-Soluble Halide Ion in
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Halogenated Organic Solvents and Their Admixtures
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
D3120 Test Method forTrace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
only.
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
lometry
test method portion, Annex A1, of this specification.This
D3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in Gasoline
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
Petroleum Products
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
Petroleum Products
tions prior to use.
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
2. Referenced Documents Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
2
D4806 SpecificationforDenaturedFuelEthanolforBlend-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ing with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
Engine Fuel
Atmospheric Pressure
D4814 SpecificationforAutomotiveSpark-IgnitionEngine
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from
Fuel
Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet
TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C to C Alco-
Evaporation 1 4
hols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
D512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion In Water
D4929 Test Methods for Determination of Organic Chlo-
D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline
ride Content in Crude Oil
(Induction Period Method)
D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
(Lamp Method)
D5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray
Spectroscopy
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
D5190 Test Method forVapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is under the direct responsibility of
ucts (Automatic Method)
Subcommittee D02.A0 on Gasoline and Oxygenated Fuels.
D5191 Test Method forVapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2006. Published September 2006. Originally
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D5798–99(2004).
ucts (Mini Method)
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5798–06
TABLE 1 Requirements for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
A
Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Properties Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Ethanol + higher alcohols, min, 79 74 70
volume %
D5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol Content
Hydrocarbon/aliphatic ether, 17–21 17–26 17–30
of Denatured Fuel Ethanol by Gas Chromatography
volume %
D 5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid
Vapor pressure, kPa 38–59 48–65 66–83
(psi) 5.5–8.5 7.0–9.5 9.5–12.0
Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
Lead, max, mg/L 2.6 2.6 3.9
D6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe of Ethanol,
Phosphorus, max, mg/L 0.2 0.3 0.4
Denatured Fuel Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-
...

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5.1 The combustion quality of aviation turbine fuel has traditionally been controlled in specifications by such tests as smoke point (see Test Method D1322), smoke volatility index, aromatic content of luminometer number (see Test Method D1740). Evidence is accumulating that a better control of the quality may be obtained by limiting the minimum hydrogen content of the fuel.  
5.2 Existing methods allow the hydrogen content to be calculated from other parameters or determined by combustion techniques. The method specified provides a quick, simple, and more precise alternative to these methods.
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5.1 This guide is intended for the developers or sponsors of new aviation gasolines or additives to describe the data requirements necessary to support the development of specifications for these new products by ASTM members. The ultimate goal of the data generated in accordance with this guide is to provide an understanding of the performance of the new fuel or additive within the property constraints and compositional bounds of the proposed specification criteria.  
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1.1 This guide provides procedures to develop data for use in research reports for new aviation gasolines or new aviation gasoline additives.  
1.2 This data is intended to be used by the ASTM subcommittee to make a determination of the suitability of the fuel for use as an aviation fuel in either a fleet-wide or limited capacity, and to make a determination that the proposed properties and criteria in the associated standard specification provide the necessary controls to ensure this fuel maintains this suitability during high-volume production.  
1.3 These research reports are intended to support the development and issuance of new specifications or specification revisions for these products. Guidance to develop ASTM International standard specifications for aviation gasoline is provided in Subcommittee J on Aviation Fuels Operating Procedures, Annex A6, “Guidelines for the Development and Acceptance of a New Aviation Fuel Specification for Spark-Ignition Reciprocating Engines.”  
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5.1 Some acids can be present in aviation turbine fuels due either to the acid treatment during the refining process or to naturally occurring organic acids. Significant acid contamination is not likely to be present because of the many check tests made during the various stages of refining. However, trace amounts of acid can be present and are undesirable because of the consequent tendencies of the fuel to corrode metals that it contacts or to impair the water separation characteristics of the aviation turbine fuel.  
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5.1 The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
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1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7398-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.  
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1.3 The test method is not applicable for analysis of petroleum containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils).  
1.4 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160, especially the initial and final boiling points.  
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1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7484-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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