ASTM C1358-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Monotonic Compressive Strength Testing of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics with Solid Rectangular Cross-Section Test Specimens at Ambient Temperatures
Standard Test Method for Monotonic Compressive Strength Testing of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics with Solid Rectangular Cross-Section Test Specimens at Ambient Temperatures
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method may be used for material development, material comparison, quality assurance, characterization, reliability assessment, and design data generation.
Continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CFCCs) are generally characterized by fine-grain sized (50 μm) matrices and ceramic fiber reinforcements. In addition, continuous fiber-reinforced glass (amorphous) matrix composites can also be classified as CFCCs. Uniaxial-loaded compressive strength tests provide information on mechanical behavior and strength for a uniformly stressed CFCC.
Generally, ceramic and ceramic matrix composites have greater resistance to compressive forces than tensile forces. Ideally, ceramics should be compressively stressed in use, although engineering applications may frequently introduce tensile stresses in the component. Nonetheless, compressive behavior is an important aspect of mechanical properties and performance. The compressive strength of ceramic and ceramic composites may not be deterministic Therefore, test a sufficient number of test specimens to gain an insight into strength distributions.
Compression tests provide information on the strength and deformation of materials under uniaxial compressive stresses. Uniform stress states are required to effectively evaluate any nonlinear stress-strain behavior that may develop as the result of cumulative damage processes (for example, matrix cracking, matrix/fiber debonding, fiber fracture, delamination, etc.) that may be influenced by testing mode, testing rate, effects of processing or combination of constituent materials, or environmental influences. Some of these effects may be consequences of stress corrosion or sub-critical (slow) crack growth which can be minimized by testing at sufficiently rapid rates as outlined in this test method.
The results of compression tests of test specimens fabricated to standardized dimensions from a particulate material or selected portions of a part, or both, may no...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of compressive strength including stress-strain behavior under monotonic uniaxial loading of continuous fiber-reinforced advanced ceramics at ambient temperatures. This test method addresses, but is not restricted to, various suggested test specimen geometries as listed in the appendix. In addition, test specimen fabrication methods, testing modes (force, displacement, or strain control), testing rates (force rate, stress rate, displacement rate, or strain rate), allowable bending, and data collection and reporting procedures are addressed. Compressive strength as used in this test method refers to the compressive strength obtained under monotonic uniaxial loading where monotonic refers to a continuous nonstop test rate with no reversals from test initiation to final fracture.
1.2 This test method applies primarily to advanced ceramic matrix composites with continuous fiber reinforcement: uni-directional (1–D), bi-directional (2–D), and tri-directional (3–D) or other multi-directional reinforcements. In addition, this test method may also be used with glass (amorphous) matrix composites with 1–D, 2–D, 3–D, and other multi-directional continuous fiber reinforcements. This test method does not directly address discontinuous fiber-reinforced, whisker-reinforced, or particulate-reinforced ceramics, although the test methods detailed here may be equally applicable to these composites.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard and are in accordance with .
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Refer to Section 7 for specific precautions.
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Designation: C1358 − 11
StandardTest Method for
Monotonic Compressive Strength Testing of Continuous
Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics with Solid Rectangular
1
Cross-Section Test Specimens at Ambient Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1358; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Refer to Section 7
for specific precautions.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of compres-
sive strength including stress-strain behavior under monotonic
2. Referenced Documents
uniaxial loading of continuous fiber-reinforced advanced ce-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ramics at ambient temperatures. This test method addresses,
C1145Terminology of Advanced Ceramics
but is not restricted to, various suggested test specimen
D695Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid
geometries as listed in the appendix. In addition, test specimen
Plastics
fabrication methods, testing modes (force, displacement, or
D3379TestMethodforTensileStrengthandYoung’sModu-
strain control), testing rates (force rate, stress rate, displace-
lus for High-Modulus Single-Filament Materials
ment rate, or strain rate), allowable bending, and data collec-
D3410/D3410MTest Method for Compressive Properties of
tion and reporting procedures are addressed. Compressive
Polymer Matrix Composite Materials with Unsupported
strength as used in this test method refers to the compressive
Gage Section by Shear Loading
strength obtained under monotonic uniaxial loading where
D3479/D3479MTest Method for Tension-Tension Fatigue
monotonic refers to a continuous nonstop test rate with no
of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
reversals from test initiation to final fracture.
D3878Terminology for Composite Materials
1.2 This test method applies primarily to advanced ceramic
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
matrix composites with continuous fiber reinforcement: uni-
E6Terminology Relating to Methods of MechanicalTesting
directional (1–D), bi-directional (2–D), and tri-directional
E83Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
(3–D) or other multi-directional reinforcements. In addition,
someter Systems
this test method may also be used with glass (amorphous)
E337Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-
matrix composites with 1–D, 2–D, 3–D, and other multi-
chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-
directional continuous fiber reinforcements. This test method
peratures)
does not directly address discontinuous fiber-reinforced,
E1012Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Speci-
whisker-reinforced, or particulate-reinforced ceramics, al-
men Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial
though the test methods detailed here may be equally appli-
Force Application
cable to these composites.
SI 10-02 IEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The
standard and are in accordance with SI 10-02 IEEE/ASTM SI
Modern Metric System
10 .
3. Terminology
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 The definitions of terms relating to compressive
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
testing, advanced ceramics, and fiber-reinforced composites,
appearing in Terminology E6, Test Method D695, Practice
E1012, Terminology C1145, Test Method D3410/D3410M,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on
Advanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.07 on
2
Ceramic Matrix Composites. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 15, 2011. Published August 2011. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C1358–05. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C1358-11 the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1358 − 11
and Terminology D3878 apply to the terms used in this test to, such mechanisms as environmentally-assisted stress corro-
method. Pertinent definitions are shown as follows with the sion or diffusive crack growth. C1145
appropriate source given in parentheses
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1358–05 Designation:C1358–11
Standard Test Method for
Monotonic Compressive Strength Testing of Continuous
Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics with Solid Rectangular
1
Cross-Section Test Specimens at Ambient Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1358; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of compressive strength including stress-strain behavior under monotonic
uniaxial loading of continuous fiber-reinforced advanced ceramics at ambient temperatures.This test method addresses, but is not
restricted to, various suggested test specimen geometries as listed in the appendix. In addition, test specimen fabrication methods,
testing modes (force, displacement, or strain control), testing rates (force rate, stress rate, displacement rate, or strain rate),
allowable bending, and data collection and reporting procedures are addressed. Compressive strength as used in this test method
referstothecompressivestrengthobtainedundermonotonicuniaxialloadingwheremonotonicreferstoacontinuousnonstoptest
rate with no reversals from test initiation to final fracture.
1.2 This test method applies primarily to advanced ceramic matrix composites with continuous fiber reinforcement:
uni-directional(1–D),bi-directional(2–D),andtri-directional(3–D)orothermulti-directionalreinforcements.Inaddition,thistest
method may also be used with glass (amorphous) matrix composites with 1–D, 2–D, 3–D, and other multi-directional continuous
fiber reinforcements.This test method does not directly address discontinuous fiber-reinforced, whisker-reinforced, or particulate-
reinforced ceramics, although the test methods detailed here may be equally applicable to these composites.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard and are in accordance with SI 10-02 IEEE/ASTM SI 10 .
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Refer to Section 7 for specific precautions.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1145 Terminology of Advanced Ceramics
D695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
D3379 Test Method for Tensile Strength and Young’s Modulus for High-Modulus Single-Filament Materials
D3410/D3410M Test Method for Compressive Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials with Unsupported Gage
Section by Shear Loading
D3479/D3479M Test Method for Tension-Tension Fatigue of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psychrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Temperatures)
E1012 PracticeforVerificationofTestFrameandSpecimenAlignmentUnderTensileandCompressiveAxialForceApplication
SI10-02IEEE/ASTMSI10 AmericanNationalStandardforUseoftheInternationalSystemofUnits(SI):TheModernMetric
System
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C28 onAdvanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.07 on Ceramic Matrix
Composites.
Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published July 2005. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C1358–96 (2000), DOI:
10.1520/C1358-05.
Current edition approved July 15, 2011. Published August 2011. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C1358–05. DOI:
10.1520/C1358-11
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1358–11
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 The definitions of terms relating to compressive testing, advanced ceramics, and fiber-reinforced compos
...
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