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ASTM F1296-08

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Evaluating Chemical Protective Clothing

Standard Guide for Evaluating Chemical Protective Clothing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The standards under the jurisdiction of Committee F23 and other technical committees can be used individually or as part of an integrated protocol in the development, selection, specification, and use of chemical protective clothing.
The standards are intended as a means by which information can be requested, generated, and reported in a consistent, comparable manner.
The suggested evaluation and test methods are recommended guidelines only. Test methods offer procedures for evaluating chemical protective clothing at standardized conditions to allow comparison.  
The information on clothing performance must be combined with professional judgment, and a clear understanding of the clothing application, to provide the best protection to the worker. All chemical protective clothing use must be based on a hazard assessment to determine the risks for exposure to chemicals and other hazards. Conduct hazard assessments in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.132.
Chemical protective clothing intended for use during hazardous materials emergencies shall be evaluated against and conform to NFPA 1991, Standard on Vapor-Protective Ensemble for Hazardous Materials Emergencies, or NFPA 1992, Standard on Liquid Splash-Protective Ensemble and Clothing for Hazardous Materials Emergencies, as appropriate for the type of emergency. For emergencies involving release of chemical agents during terrorism incidents, chemical protective clothing shall be evaluated against and conform to NFPA 1994, Standard on Protective Ensemble for Chemical/Biological Terrorism Incidents.
Recommendations for labeling chemical protective clothing are provided in Practice F 1301, recommendations for implementing a chemical protective clothing program are provided in Practice F 1461, and recommendations for preparing care and maintenance instructions are provided in Practice F 2061.
Appendix X1 is an example of how several of the referenced standards can be combined into a protocol to select the most suitab...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to aid in the application of standards for the development, specification, and selection of chemical protective clothing with the ultimate goal of maintaining the safety and health of workers who come into contact with hazardous chemicals.
1.2 This guide provides a short description of each referenced standard and then makes specific recommendations for the use of these standards. The referenced standards are organized under the following headings: Material Chemical Resistance, Material Physical Properties, Seam and Closure Performance, and Overall Clothing Performance.
1.3 No protocol can ensure the selection of protective clothing that guarantees worker protection. The purpose of testing is to generate data and information that will allow the selection of the most appropriate clothing. Ultimately, clothing selection is based on technical evaluation of available information and professional assessment of risk.
1.4 The values stated in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jan-2008
ICS
13.340.10 - Protective clothing
Technical Committee
F23 - Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment
Drafting Committee
F23.30 - Chemicals
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F1296-03 - Standard Guide for Evaluating Chemical Protective Clothing
Effective Date
01-Feb-2008

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F1296 − 08
StandardGuide for
1
Evaluating Chemical Protective Clothing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1296; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
ASTM Committee F23 was established in 1976 for the purpose of producing standards for use in
the evaluation of protective clothing. A significant number of these standards have applied to
protection against chemicals. Chemical protective clothing ranges from aprons and gloves to totally
encapsulating ensembles. Chemical protective clothing is widely used throughout in several different
applications including the general industry, the chemical process industry, oil refining, agriculture,
hazardous materials remediation, and emergency response.
The effective development and selection of chemical protective clothing requires information on
several aspects of the clothing, including chemical resistance, physical integrity, comfort, and fit.
Someofthesecharacteristicscanbeevaluatedusingswatchesofthematerialsfromwhichtheclothing
isfabricated.Othercharacteristicsrequiretestingofthefinisheditemsofclothing.CommitteeF23has
developed test methods for both types of evaluations.
The successful use of Committee F23’s standards requires an awareness and understanding of each
standard as well as the interrelationship of the standards.
The successful application of chemical protective clothing requires the careful matching of the
properlevelofprotectionandperformancecharacteristicsofclothingwiththepotentialhazardandthe
functional requirements of the tasks to be performed while wearing the clothing.
1. Scope 1.4 The values stated in SI units or in other units shall be
regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
1.1 This guide is intended to aid in the application of
system must be used independently of the other, without
standards for the development, specification, and selection of
combining values in any way.
chemical protective clothing with the ultimate goal of main-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety
taining the safety and health of workers who come into contact
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
with hazardous chemicals.
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
1.2 This guide provides a short description of each refer-
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
enced standard and then makes specific recommendations for
limitations prior to use.
the use of these standards. The referenced standards are
organized under the following headings: Material Chemical
2. Referenced Documents
Resistance, Material Physical Properties, Seam and Closure
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Performance, and Overall Clothing Performance.
D747 Test Method for Apparent Bending Modulus of Plas-
1.3 No protocol can ensure the selection of protective
tics by Means of a Cantilever Beam
clothing that guarantees worker protection. The purpose of
D751 Test Methods for Coated Fabrics
testing is to generate data and information that will allow the
D1630 Test Method for Rubber Property—Abrasion Resis-
selection of the most appropriate clothing. Ultimately, clothing
tance (Footwear Abrader)
selection is based on technical evaluation of available infor-
D2582 Test Method for Puncture-Propagation Tear Resis-
mation and professional assessment of risk.
tance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal
Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
F23.30 on Chemicals. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2008. Published February 2008. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F1296 – 03. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/F1296-08. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1296 − 08
D3389 Test Method for Coated FabricsAbrasion Resistance F2130 Test Method for Measuring Repellency, Retention,
(Rotary Platform Abrader) and Penetration of Liquid Pesticide Formulation Through
Protective Clothing Materials
D4157 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile
3
Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)
2.2 ANSI Standard:
D4966 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile ANSI Z41 Ameri
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F1296–03 Designation:F1296–08
Standard Guide for
1
Evaluating Chemical Protective Clothing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1296; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
ASTM Committee F23 was established in 1976 for the purpose of producing standards for use in
the evaluation of protective clothing. A significant number of these standards have applied to
protection against chemicals. Chemical protective clothing ranges from aprons and gloves to totally
encapsulating ensembles. Chemical protective clothing is widely used throughout in several different
applications including the general industry, the chemical process industry, oil refining, agriculture,
hazardous materials remediation, and emergency response.
The effective development and selection of chemical protective clothing requires information on
several aspects of the clothing, including chemical resistance, physical integrity, comfort, and fit.
Someofthesecharacteristicscanbeevaluatedusingswatchesofthematerialsfromwhichtheclothing
isfabricated.Othercharacteristicsrequiretestingofthefinisheditemsofclothing.CommitteeF23has
developed test methods for both types of evaluations.
The successful use of Committee F23’s standards requires an awareness and understanding of each
standard as well as the interrelationship of the standards.
The successful application of chemical protective clothing requires the careful matching of the
properlevelofprotectionandperformancecharacteristicsofclothingwiththepotentialhazardandthe
functional requirements of the tasks to be performed while wearing the clothing.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide is intended to aid in the application of standards for the development, specification, and selection of chemical
protective clothing with the ultimate goal of maintaining the safety and health of workers who come into contact with hazardous
chemicals.
1.2 This guide provides a short description of each referenced standard and then makes specific recommendations for the use
of these standards. The referenced standards are organized under the following headings: Material Chemical Resistance, Material
Physical Properties, Seam and Closure Performance, and Overall Clothing Performance.
1.3 No protocol can ensure the selection of protective clothing that guarantees worker protection. The purpose of testing is to
generate data and information that will allow the selection of the most appropriate clothing. Ultimately, clothing selection is based
on technical evaluation of available information and professional assessment of risk.
1.4 ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsorinotherunitsshallberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Thevaluesstatedineachsystemmust
be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 747 Test Method for Apparent Bending Modulus of Plastics by Means of a Cantilever Beam
D 751 Test Methods for Coated Fabrics
D 1630 Test Method for Rubber Property-Abrasion Resistance (Footwear Abrader)
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F23.30
on Chemicals.
Current edition approved July 10, 2003.Feb. 1, 2008. Published September 2003.February 2008. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 19982003
as F1296–98.F1296 – 03.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1296–08
D 2582 Test Method for Puncture-Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting
D 3389 Test Method for Coated Fabrics Abrasion Resistance (Rotary Platform, Double-HeadPlatform Abrader)
D 4157 Test Met
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this test method is to provide a measurable criterion of performance about the level of cut resistance provided by different types of protective garments and protected coverings worn by chainsaw operators.  
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5.5 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should perform comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens from the same lot of components to be evaluated. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. If a bias is found, either its cause must be determined and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.
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1.1 This test method measures cut resistance of garments and devices worn to protect the lower body (legs) when operating a chainsaw.  
1.2 This test method may be used to test for compliance to minimum performance requirements in established safety standards.  
1.2.1 By agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, or as required by established safety standards, it will be decided if this test method will be used to determine one or both of the following: (1) chain speed 50 (CS50), and (2) success/failure (jamming/chain stop or no cut in less than 1.5 s) at specified chain speed.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SCOPE
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ABSTRACT
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ASTM F1296-08(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Evaluating Chemical Protective Clothing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The standards under the jurisdiction of Committee F23 and other technical committees can be used individually or as part of an integrated protocol in the development, selection, specification, and use of chemical protective clothing.  
4.2 The standards are intended as a means by which information can be requested, generated, and reported in a consistent, comparable manner.  
4.3 The suggested evaluation and test methods are recommended guidelines only. Test methods offer procedures for evaluating chemical protective clothing at standardized conditions to allow comparison.  
4.4 The information on clothing performance must be combined with professional judgment and a clear understanding of the clothing application to provide the best protection to the worker. All chemical protective clothing use must be based on a hazard assessment to determine the risks for exposure to chemicals and other hazards. Conduct hazard assessments in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.132.  
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4.6 Recommendations for labeling chemical protective clothing are provided in Practice F1301, recommendations for implementing a chemical protective clothing program are provided in Practice F1461, and recommendations for preparing care and maintenance instructions are provided in Practice F2061.  
4.7 Appendix X1 is an example of how several of the referenced standards can be combined into a protoc...
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1.1 This guide is intended to aid in the application of standards for the development, specification, and selection of chemical protective clothing with the ultimate goal of maintaining the safety and health of workers who come into contact with hazardous chemicals.  
1.2 This guide provides a short description of each referenced standard and then makes specific recommendations for the use of these standards. The referenced standards are organized under the following headings: Material Chemical Resistance, Material Physical Properties, Seam and Closure Performance, and Overall Clothing Performance.  
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ASTM F1930-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Flame-Resistant Clothing for Protection Against Fire Simulations Using an Instrumented Manikin

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Use this test method to measure the thermal protection provided by different materials, garments, clothing ensembles, and systems when exposed to a specified fire (see 3.2.2, 3.2.3, 4.1, and 10.4).  
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1.1 This test method is used to provide predicted human skin burn injury for single-layer garments or protective clothing ensembles mounted on a stationary upright instrumented manikin which are then exposed in a laboratory to a simulated fire environment having controlled heat flux, flame distribution, and duration. The average exposure heat flux is 84 kW/m2 (2 cal/s·cm2), with durations up to 20 s.  
1.2 The visual and physical changes to the single-layer garment or protective clothing ensemble are recorded to aid in understanding the overall performance of the garment or protective clothing ensemble and how the predicted human skin burn injury results can be interpreted.  
1.3 The skin burn injury prediction is based on a limited number of experiments where the forearms of human subjects were exposed to elevated thermal conditions. This forearm information for skin burn injury is applied uniformly to the entire body of the manikin, except the hands and feet. The hands and feet are not included in the skin burn injury prediction.  
1.4 The measurements obtained and observations noted can only apply to the particular garment(s) or ensemble(s) tested using the specified heat flux, flame distribution, and duration.  
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.6 This method is not a fire test response test method.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units or other units commonly used for thermal testing. If appropriate, round the non-SI units for convenience.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 Fire testing is ...

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ASTM F2053-00(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Documenting the Results of Airborne Particle Penetration Testing of Protective Clothing Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 This guide is intended to encourage thorough and consistent documentation of airborne particle penetration testing and its results.  
2.2 Uniform information and performance data increase the likelihood of selecting proper particle protective clothing by direct comparison of one material with another.  
2.3 A standard format for test information and data also encourages computer storage of test results for easy retrieval, comparison, and correlations.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides a format for documenting information and performance data for an airborne particle penetration test.  
1.2 Documented data and information are grouped into five categories that define important aspects of each test:  
1.2.1 Description of material tested,  
1.2.2 Challenge particles,  
1.2.3 Test method,  
1.2.4 Test results, and  
1.2.5 Source of the data.  
1.3 Use of this guide is facilitated by adherence to procedures outlined in a standard test method.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurements are included in this standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F2992-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Cut Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing with Tomodynamometer Test Equipment

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method assesses the cut resistance of a material when exposed to a cutting edge under specified loads. Data obtained from this test method can be used to compare the cut resistance of different materials.  
5.2 This test method only addresses that range of cutting hazards that are related to a cutting action by a smooth sharp edge across the surface of the material. It is not representative of any other cutting hazard to which the material may be subjected, such as serrated edges, saw blades, or motorized cutting tools. Nor is it representative of puncture, tear, or other modes of fabric failure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the cut resistance of a material when mounted on a specimen holder and subjected to a cutting edge under a specified load using a tomodynamometer.2  
1.1.1 This procedure is not valid for high-porosity materials which allow cutting edge contact with the mounting surface prior to cutting.  
1.1.2 Test apparatus may have limitations in testing materials with a thickness greater than 20 mm.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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ASTM
ASTM F3628-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Cooling Energy Provided by Wicking Liquid Moisture and Evaporating It from Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A clothing material’s ability to assist in the evaporation of liquid sweat by managing liquid moisture is of considerable importance when trying to maximize cooling and comfort benefits to the wearer while active. Understanding how much energy is released back to the skin is critical in determining their suitability for use in fabricating protective clothing systems or athletic wear.  
4.1.1 The cooling energy released back to the wearer can be significantly affected by environmental conditions. Extreme care must be taken when using standard results measured under standard testing conditions to determine a material’s suitability for use in conditions outside the testing conditions.  
4.2 This test method accounts for a clothing material’s ability to assist in evaporating liquid water during a sweating phase, as well as its ability to dry after the cessation of sweating.  
4.2.1 A large amount of cooling energy released from clothing materials during active work (sweating) is often seen as a positive, as it would assist in keeping the body cooler.  
4.2.2 A large amount of cooling energy released from clothing materials after active work (no sweating) is often seen as a negative, as it known to cause a chilling effect to the wearer.  
4.2.3 The longer it takes for a clothing material to dry after becoming wet is perceived as a negative, as it increases the potential for chilling the wearer.  
4.3 The thermal interchange between people and their environment is, however, an extremely complicated subject that involves many factors in addition to the steady-state resistance values of fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies. Therefore, the cooling provided from liquid evaporation may or may not indicate relative merit of a particular material or system for a given clothing application. While a possible indicator of clothing performance, measurements produced by the testing of fabrics have no proven correlation to the perfo...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the cooling energy released back to the wearer’s skin by a clothing material’s ability to move and evaporate controlled dosages of water under controlled ambient conditions using a sweating hot plate.  
1.1.1 This test method establishes procedures for measuring the cooling energy during a simulated “sweating” phase and in a drying phase. Calculations are also provided to determine the drying time and how efficient the clothing material is at assisting in the evaporation of liquid water by comparing it to the maximum amount of energy that can be lost.  
1.2 This test method does not address all properties that affect a clothing material’s ability to lose heat from the body. Consider measuring properties such as air permeability, insulation, and evaporative resistance.  
1.3 The values in SI units shall be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F3267-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Protective Clothing for Use Against Liquid Chemotherapy and Other Liquid Hazardous Drugs

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes design, performance, documentation, and labeling requirements and provides test methods for protective clothing used in preventing exposure to liquid chemotherapy and other liquid hazardous drugs.  
1.1.1 The principal requirement of this specification is permeation resistance testing of the protective clothing barrier material and seams to a specified battery of seven chemotherapy drugs. Two levels of protective clothing barrier material and seam performance are established for complying with Part A labeling requirements specific to these seven liquid chemotherapy drugs.
1.1.1.1 Broad chemotherapy drug protection is based on the protective clothing barrier material and seams demonstrating breakthrough detection times of 30 min or more for the seven specified chemotherapy drugs.
1.1.1.2 Selective chemotherapy drug protection is based on the protective clothing barrier material and seams demonstrating breakthrough detection times of 30 min or more for at least five of the seven specified chemotherapy drugs.  
1.1.2 It is also possible to report permeation resistance test results for additional liquid chemotherapy and other liquid hazardous drugs of interest as determined by the manufacturer or end user organization using the same breakthrough detection criteria for individual drugs for complying with the Part B labeling requirements.  
1.1.3 Protective clothing meeting this specification is also required to meet minimum flammability requirements, and if used as a medical device, biocompatibility (if used for breached skin contact), and demonstrate sterility assurance, if sterilized prior to use.  
1.1.4 Physical properties that indicate the strength, durability, and breathability of the protective clothing are optionally reported.  
1.1.5 Additional requirements are established for the label and user information to be provided for protective clothing meeting this specification.  
1.1.6 This specification also requires products intended to be used as medical devices such as surgical gowns and isolation gowns to meet the respective requirements of AAMI PB70, Specification F2407/F2407M, and Specification F3352/F3352M, as applicable.  
1.2 This specification does not address all conditions of exposure for individuals who wear protective clothing in the manufacture, transport, compounding, preparation, and administration of liquid chemotherapy and other hazardous drugs in addition to patient care activities and spills where contaminated items with these drugs are encountered.  
1.3 This specification does not address chemotherapy drugs or hazardous drugs that may be encountered in the form of a vapor or aerosol and does not provide any criteria for respiratory protection.  
1.4 This specification does not address the selection, use, or care of protective clothing used for protection against liquid chemotherapy or other liquid hazardous drugs. While this specification does not specifically determine which barrier material to select, the results of the tests described in this specification are useful for selecting barrier materials by comparing the test results among different materials under consideration. See USP 800, Hazardous Drugs—Handling In Healthcare Settings, for specific guidelines on the selection, use, and care of personal protective equipment for protection of healthcare workers against chemotherapy or other hazardous drugs.  
1.5 This specification is intended to provide the basis for manufacturers or suppliers to make specific claims that protective clothing products provide protection against liquid chemotherapy and other liquid hazardous drugs.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its u...

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