F23.30 - Chemicals

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice contains the recommendations for minimal informational requirements for the identification of chemical protective clothing items. It is intended to provide the user with some of the basic information necessary for the proper selection and use of the chemical protective clothing.  
3.2 For some items of chemical protective clothing, such as disposable chemical protective gloves, it is recognized that it is not practical that the labeling information be provided directly on the product. Therefore, it is permissible that this information be provided on the direct packaging that contains the product. As an example, it is possible to put the recommended product information on the dispenser box that contains multiple pairs of disposable chemical protective gloves.  
3.3 Additional information beyond the content recommended by this practice is permitted to be applied to the label. This additional label content can include statements indicating compliance with specific standards, warnings, limitations associated with the product, and certain types of use, care, and maintenance information as addressed in Practice F2061.  
3.4 Rules and regulations in Title 16 Code of Federal Regulations Part 303 cover the identification of fibers in textile products, specifically the disclosure of the fiber content and the manner of labeling products for purposes of applying tariffs on imported products and for informing the consumer. This practice is not intended to be a replacement for the requirements in 16 CFR 303, which may still apply to certain types of chemical protective clothing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the informational content of labels in or on chemical protective clothing. This practice also addresses putting label content on chemical protective clothing packaging when it is not practical to attach the label directly to the chemical protective clothing or print it on the chemical protective clothing item based on the size or type of the product.  
1.2 This practice describes the recommended format and minimal content of the information to be included on the labels used for chemical protective clothing.  
1.2.1 For the purposes of this practice, chemical protective clothing includes but is not limited to: suits, garments, and partial-body garments such as hoods, aprons, sleeve protectors, gloves, and footwear.  
1.2.2 Protective clothing is defined as any single item or combination of items used for the purpose of isolating parts of the body from direct contact with a potential hazard. It does not include individual parts of a protective clothing item designed to be worn as part of another item (for example, a face shield or lens) unless it may be worn independently of the other items and still be used in a protective manner. For example, a glove or boot, unless permanently attached to a garment or suit, would be considered a protective clothing item requiring labeling, while a visor or vent valve would not. In summary, the intent of this practice is to only require labeling of parts of an ensemble that can be used independently for the protection of the user.  
1.3 This practice does not cover user information provided by means other than item labeling such as instructions, informational packets, brochures, or other written means. User information is partly addressed in Practice F2061.  
1.4 This practice excludes those items covered under 16 CFR 303 unless specifically designed for use as chemical protective clothing.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision o...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These practices establish standard procedures designed for qualitatively evaluating the performance characteristics of protective ensembles or ensemble elements in terms of comfort, fit, function, and durability. Limited quantitative measures are also provided.  
5.2 These practices are suitable for both end users and manufacturers to evaluate performance characteristics of protective ensembles and ensemble elements.  
5.2.1 End users may use these practices to qualitatively determine how well protective ensembles and ensemble elements (gloves, boots, and respirators) and ensemble components (communications systems, cooling devices, and undergarments) meet their particular application.  
5.2.2 Manufacturers of protective ensembles and ensemble elements may use these practices to determine the qualitative performance characteristics in existing or proposed designs.  
5.3 Option A permits a qualitative evaluation of protective ensemble or ensemble element mobility by subjecting the protective ensemble to a manned exercise routine. Option B permits a qualitative evaluation of protective ensemble or ensemble element function. Each procedure can be used to assess ensemble comfort and fit by relating test subject responses and by comparing the dimensions and weights of both the test subject and suit.
Note 1: The accumulation of suit and human subject dimension data may eventually be used by manufacturers or end users in standards to improve the sizing of chemical protective suits and the integration of ensemble components in protective ensembles.  
5.4 The use of these practices is primarily for qualitative purposes only. In general, results from use of these practices on one type of ensemble may not be comparable to other test results on a different ensemble due to the subjective nature of test results.  
5.5 Certain aspects of these practices are quantitative. The effect of wearing the ensemble or ensemble element can also be assessed by the measurement of t...
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1.1 These practices are intended for evaluating protective ensembles and ensemble elements to determine the suitability of the ensemble or ensemble components in a work environment on the basis of its comfort, fit, function, and durability.  
1.1.1 Option A is a manned exercise scenario intended to evaluate the impact of the ensembles and ensemble elements on wearer mobility when worn in a series of different physical exercises that are intended to evaluate the range of motion permitted by the ensemble or ensemble element.  
1.1.2 Option B is a manned work task scenario intended to determine the impact of the ensemble or ensemble element on wearer function.  
1.1.3 Recording the length of time used to complete these tasks provides a means for quantifying the impact of the ensemble or ensemble element on the wearer function.  
1.1.4 Relating the ability of the subject to completely perform all tasks provides a qualitative assessment for the impact of the ensemble or ensemble element on wearer function.  
1.1.5 The optional evaluation of ensembles or ensemble elements for liquid or vapor integrity following the exercise protocols provides a basis for evaluating the impact of wearing on ensemble or ensemble element integrity.  
1.1.6 The optional evaluation of donning and doffing instructions provides a basis for evaluating the potential for errors which may impact the effectiveness of the ensemble.  
1.2 These practices apply to protective ensembles and certain ensemble elements that are used for protection against different chemical, biological, physical, thermal, and other hazards, but are primarily useful for ensembles that include barrier layers such as liquid splash protective ensembles used for protection against hazardous chemicals or highly infectious diseases, or vapor protective ensembles used for chemical protection.  
1.3 The values as stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The v...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The standards under the jurisdiction of Committee F23 and other technical committees can be used individually or as part of an integrated protocol in the development, selection, specification, and use of chemical protective clothing.  
4.2 The standards are intended as a means by which information can be requested, generated, and reported in a consistent, comparable manner.  
4.3 The suggested evaluation and test methods are recommended guidelines only. Test methods offer procedures for evaluating chemical protective clothing at standardized conditions to allow comparison.  
4.4 The information on clothing performance must be combined with professional judgment and a clear understanding of the clothing application to provide the best protection to the worker. All chemical protective clothing use must be based on a hazard assessment to determine the risks for exposure to chemicals and other hazards. Conduct hazard assessments in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.132.  
4.5 Chemical protective clothing intended for use during hazardous materials emergencies shall be evaluated against and conform to NFPA 1991, Standard on Vapor-Protective Ensemble for Hazardous Materials Emergencies, or NFPA 1992, Standard on Liquid Splash-Protective Ensemble and Clothing for Hazardous Materials Emergencies, as appropriate for the type of emergency. For emergencies involving release of chemical agents during terrorism incidents, chemical protective clothing shall be evaluated against and conform to NFPA 1994, Standard on Protective Ensemble for Chemical/Biological Terrorism Incidents.  
4.6 Recommendations for labeling chemical protective clothing are provided in Practice F1301, recommendations for implementing a chemical protective clothing program are provided in Practice F1461, and recommendations for preparing care and maintenance instructions are provided in Practice F2061.  
4.7 Appendix X1 is an example of how several of the referenced standards can be combined into a protoc...
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1.1 This guide is intended to aid in the application of standards for the development, specification, and selection of chemical protective clothing with the ultimate goal of maintaining the safety and health of workers who come into contact with hazardous chemicals.  
1.2 This guide provides a short description of each referenced standard and then makes specific recommendations for the use of these standards. The referenced standards are organized under the following headings: Material Chemical Resistance, Material Physical Properties, Seam and Closure Performance, and Overall Clothing Performance.  
1.3 No protocol can ensure the selection of protective clothing that guarantees worker protection. The purpose of testing is to generate data and information that will allow the selection of the most appropriate clothing. Ultimately, clothing selection is based on technical evaluation of available information and professional assessment of risk.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 This guide is intended to encourage thorough and consistent documentation of airborne particle penetration testing and its results.  
2.2 Uniform information and performance data increase the likelihood of selecting proper particle protective clothing by direct comparison of one material with another.  
2.3 A standard format for test information and data also encourages computer storage of test results for easy retrieval, comparison, and correlations.
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1.1 This guide provides a format for documenting information and performance data for an airborne particle penetration test.  
1.2 Documented data and information are grouped into five categories that define important aspects of each test:  
1.2.1 Description of material tested,  
1.2.2 Challenge particles,  
1.2.3 Test method,  
1.2.4 Test results, and  
1.2.5 Source of the data.  
1.3 Use of this guide is facilitated by adherence to procedures outlined in a standard test method.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurements are included in this standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification establishes design, performance, documentation, and labeling requirements and provides test methods for protective clothing used in preventing exposure to liquid chemotherapy and other liquid hazardous drugs.  
1.1.1 The principal requirement of this specification is permeation resistance testing of the protective clothing barrier material and seams to a specified battery of seven chemotherapy drugs. Two levels of protective clothing barrier material and seam performance are established for complying with Part A labeling requirements specific to these seven liquid chemotherapy drugs.
1.1.1.1 Broad chemotherapy drug protection is based on the protective clothing barrier material and seams demonstrating breakthrough detection times of 30 min or more for the seven specified chemotherapy drugs.
1.1.1.2 Selective chemotherapy drug protection is based on the protective clothing barrier material and seams demonstrating breakthrough detection times of 30 min or more for at least five of the seven specified chemotherapy drugs.  
1.1.2 It is also possible to report permeation resistance test results for additional liquid chemotherapy and other liquid hazardous drugs of interest as determined by the manufacturer or end user organization using the same breakthrough detection criteria for individual drugs for complying with the Part B labeling requirements.  
1.1.3 Protective clothing meeting this specification is also required to meet minimum flammability requirements, and if used as a medical device, biocompatibility (if used for breached skin contact), and demonstrate sterility assurance, if sterilized prior to use.  
1.1.4 Physical properties that indicate the strength, durability, and breathability of the protective clothing are optionally reported.  
1.1.5 Additional requirements are established for the label and user information to be provided for protective clothing meeting this specification.  
1.1.6 This specification also requires products intended to be used as medical devices such as surgical gowns and isolation gowns to meet the respective requirements of AAMI PB70, Specification F2407/F2407M, and Specification F3352/F3352M, as applicable.  
1.2 This specification does not address all conditions of exposure for individuals who wear protective clothing in the manufacture, transport, compounding, preparation, and administration of liquid chemotherapy and other hazardous drugs in addition to patient care activities and spills where contaminated items with these drugs are encountered.  
1.3 This specification does not address chemotherapy drugs or hazardous drugs that may be encountered in the form of a vapor or aerosol and does not provide any criteria for respiratory protection.  
1.4 This specification does not address the selection, use, or care of protective clothing used for protection against liquid chemotherapy or other liquid hazardous drugs. While this specification does not specifically determine which barrier material to select, the results of the tests described in this specification are useful for selecting barrier materials by comparing the test results among different materials under consideration. See USP 800, Hazardous Drugs—Handling In Healthcare Settings, for specific guidelines on the selection, use, and care of personal protective equipment for protection of healthcare workers against chemotherapy or other hazardous drugs.  
1.5 This specification is intended to provide the basis for manufacturers or suppliers to make specific claims that protective clothing products provide protection against liquid chemotherapy and other liquid hazardous drugs.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its u...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method evaluates the ability of the construction and configuration of protective clothing or protective ensembles to resist liquid penetration. In most cases, the conditions used in this test method will not represent actual end-use conditions.  
5.2 Two different spray configurations are used for exposing the protective clothing or protective ensemble on a manikin.  
5.2.1 Procedure A involves five shower nozzles, with one nozzle directly above the clothed manikin and two nozzles each to upper and lower sides of the manikin that are all positioned in the same vertical plane. This spray configuration is intended to provide a full exposure of the entire protective clothing or protective ensemble system.  
5.2.2 Procedure B involves three shower nozzles that are positioned at different heights on a vertical line that is parallel to the manikin with the locations and direction of each nozzle set with respect to targets on the manikin. This spray configuration is intended to provide a direct assessment of garment features such as the front closure.  
5.3 The selected duration of the test is not intended to simulate user exposure to splashes of liquid substances but rather to provide sufficient time for enough liquid to penetrate to make visual detection easier. The default liquid exposure time for Procedure A is 20 min. The default liquid exposure time for Procedure B is 10 min.  
5.3.1 It is permissible to specify shorter test durations. It is recommended that the duration of exposure be the same in each manikin orientation.  
5.3.2 The choice of different test duration is partly based on the number of layers in the specimen being tested, some of which serve to absorb the surfactant-treated test liquid and result in attenuating the severity of the liquid challenge to the specimen.  
5.4 A nontoxic, non-foaming surfactant is added to water for this test method to simulate liquids of lower surface tensions. Liquids of specific interest can be simulat...
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1.1 This test method measures the ability of protective clothing or protective ensembles to resist liquid penetration in the form of a shower spray with surfactant-treated water.  
1.2 This test method measures the liquid penetration resistance of the construction and configuration of the overall protective clothing or protective ensemble, but especially of seams, closures, and interfaces with other components such as gloves, boots, hoods, and respiratory protective equipment. It is intended that this test method be used to assess the liquid penetration resistance of protective clothing and protective ensembles as received from the manufacturer and worn in accordance with their instructions.  
1.3 Resistance of materials used in protective clothing to permeation or penetration can be determined in accordance with Test Method F739 (or Test Method F1383 or F1407) and Test Method F903, respectively. Alternatively, resistance of materials used in protective clothing to penetration by synthetic blood or liquids containing virus can be determined in accordance with Test Methods F1670/F1670M and F1671/F1671M.  
1.4 The integrity of vapor protective ensembles is measured by its ability to maintain positive internal pressure with Test Method F1052.  
1.5 The values in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Developmen...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to measure chemical permeation through specimens of protective clothing under the condition of intermittent contact of a test chemical with the specimen. In many applications, protective clothing is contacted intermittently to chemicals, not continuously as is tested by Test Method F739.  
5.2 This test method is normally used to evaluate flat specimens and seams from finished items of protective clothing and of materials that are candidates for items of protective clothing.  
5.2.1 Finished items of protective clothing include gloves, sleeves, aprons, suits, coveralls, hoods, boots, respirators, and the like.  
5.2.2 The phrase “specimens from finished items” encompasses seams or other discontinuous regions as well as continuous regions of protective clothing items.  
5.2.3 Selected seams for testing are representative of seams used in the principal construction of the protective clothing item and typically include seams of both the base material and where the base material is joined with other types of materials.  
5.3 In some cases, it may be of interest to compare permeation behaviors that occur under conditions of intermittent contact with those that occur during continuous contact. Test Method F739 is recommended for measuring permeation under the conditions of continuous contact of the test chemical with the protective clothing specimen.  
5.4 The breakthrough detection time, standardized breakthrough time, and the cumulative permeation are key measures of the effectiveness of a clothing material to be a barrier to the test chemical. Such information is used in the comparison of clothing materials during the process of selecting clothing for protection from hazardous chemicals. Long breakthrough detection times and standardized breakthrough times and low amounts of cumulative permeation are characteristics of more effective barrier materials than materials with higher permeation characteristics.
Note 1: At present, there ...
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1.1 This test method measures the permeation of liquids and gases through protective clothing materials under the condition of intermittent contact.  
1.2 This test method is designed for use when the test chemical is a gas or a liquid, where the liquid is either volatile (that is, having a vapor pressure greater than 1 mm Hg at 25 °C) or soluble in water or another liquid that does not interact with the clothing material.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is normally used to evaluate flat specimens from finished items of protective clothing and from materials that are candidates for items of protective clothing.  
5.1.1 Finished items of protective clothing include gloves, sleeves, aprons, suits, coveralls, hoods, boots, respirators, and the like.  
5.1.2 The phrase “specimens from finished items” encompasses seamed or other discontinuous regions as well as the usual continuous regions of protective clothing items.  
5.1.3 Selected seams for testing are representative of seams used in the principal construction of the protective clothing item and typically include seams of both the base material and where the base material is joined with other types of materials.  
5.2 The breakthrough detection time, standardized breakthrough time, permeation rate, and cumulative permeation are key measures of the effectiveness of a clothing material as a barrier to the test chemical. Such information is used in the comparison of clothing materials during the process of selecting clothing for protection from hazardous chemicals. Long breakthrough detection times, long standardized breakthrough detection times, low amounts of cumulative permeation, and low permeation rates are characteristics of more effective barrier materials than materials with higher permeation characteristics.
Note 1: At present, only limited quantitative information exists about acceptable levels of dermal contact with most chemicals. Therefore, the data obtained using this test method cannot be used to infer safe exposure levels.  
5.2.1 The reporting of a standardized breakthrough time greater than a specific time period means that the test chemical has not permeated the specimen at a rate exceeding 0.1 μg/cm2/min in the designated time. Permeation may or may not have occurred at a lower rate during this time interval.  
5.2.2 The reporting of cumulative permeation over a specified test period is another means to report barrier pe...
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1.1 This test method measures the permeation of liquids and gases through protective clothing materials under the condition of continuous contact.  
1.2 This test method is designed for use when the test chemical is a gas or a liquid, where the liquid is either volatile (that is, having a vapor pressure greater than 1 mm Hg at 25 °C) or soluble in water or another liquid that does not interact with the clothing material.  
1.3 Values states in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Values given in parentheses are not exact equivalents and are given for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is only appropriate for evaluating the integrity of totally encapsulating protective suits that are designed and manufactured to prevent the inward leakage of gases and vapors. However, this test method does not evaluate the exhaust(s) which permit the release of exhalation air from the wearer’s self-contained breathing apparatus or supplied air respirator, or the effects of use on the suit’s ability to protect against inward leakage of gases or vapors. Suit vapor protection should be tested in accordance with Test Method F2588. Garments designed to protect from liquid chemicals should be tested in accordance with Test Method F1359/F1359M.  
5.2 It is possible to apply this test method to suits that do not fully encapsulate the wearer by providing fixtures or other means of blocking off those portions of the suit that are open, such as hood face openings or sleeve ends.  
5.3 This nondestructive test method is useful as a quality control tool for manufacturers and as a field method for end users to determine changes in garment integrity following use.  
5.4 This test method is useful to end users for determining the integrity of vapor protective suits upon receipt from the manufacturer, prior to use, following use and decontamination, following repairs, and as a periodic maintenance test.
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1.1 This test method measures the ability of a vapor protective suit, including seams and closures, to maintain a fixed, positive pressure over a specified period of time.  
1.2 This test method does not measure vapor protection of suits. This test method measures the integrity of the suit, glove, foot protection, and visor materials, as well as the seams and closures of a vapor protective suit. Exhaust valves fitted in the vapor protective suit must be sealed or blocked for this test and therefore are not functionally tested.  
1.2.1 The measurement of vapor protection of suits is measured using a different test method, Test Method F2588.  
1.3 The values as stated in in.-H2O (mm-H2O) units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the penetration and permeation resistance for complete ensembles to vapors from chemical warfare agents and other chemical substances.  
5.1.1 This test method differs from Test Method F1052 by providing an evaluation of ensembles worn on human test subjects and measuring the inward leakage of a chemical agent vapor simulant as it would be absorbed by the wearer’s skin. Test Method F1052 is not applicable to the range of protective ensembles that are evaluated by this test method.  
5.1.2 This test method differs from Test Method F1359/F1359M by using a chemical agent vapor simulant as compared to a liquid challenge and in the use of human test subjects. This test method further provides a quantitative assessment of inward leakage for the chemical agent vapor simulant.  
5.1.3 The use of this test method to determine the inward leakage of other chemical vapor threats must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.  
5.2 This test method is applied to complete ensembles consisting of a suit or garment in combination with gloves, footwear, respirators, and interface devices.  
5.2.1 This test method permits any combination or configuration of ensemble elements and components, including ensembles where the respirator covers the face or head.  
5.2.2 This test method accommodates protective ensembles or protective clothing having any combination of the following characteristics:
(1) The protective ensemble or clothing is constructed of air-permeable, semipermeable, or impermeable fabrics,
(2) The protective ensemble or clothing is of a single or multi-layered design, or
(3) The protective ensemble or clothing is constructed of inert or sorptive fabrics.  
5.3 MeS has been used as a simulant for chemical warfare agents. MeS is primarily a simulant for distilled mustard (HD) with a similar vapor pressure, density, and water solubility. The use of MeS in vapor form does not simulate all agents or hazardous substances to ...
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1.1 This test method specifies the test equipment and procedures for conducting tests to estimate the entry of chemical agent vapor simulant through protective ensembles while worn by test subjects.  
1.2 This test method permits the evaluation of protective ensembles consisting of protective garments or suits, gloves, footwear, respirators, and interface devices.  
1.3 The results of this test method yield local physiological protective dosage factors at individual locations of the human body as well as a systemic physiological protective dosage factor for the entire ensemble.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is normally used to evaluate the barrier effectiveness against penetration of liquids through materials, seams, closures, or other planar assemblies used in protective clothing and specimens from finished items of protective clothing.  
5.1.1 Finished items of protective clothing include gloves, arm protectors, aprons, coveralls, suits, hoods, boots, and similar items.  
5.1.2 The phrase “specimens from finished items” is permitted to include continuous regions of protective clothing items as well as seamed or other discontinuous regions of protective clothing.  
5.1.3 The types of specimens are limited to those that are relatively flat (planar) that are capable of being sealed in the test cell specified in this test method without peripheral leakage.  
5.2 A substitute challenge liquid (for example, water or isopropanol) is appropriate in some cases to generalize material penetration resistance to liquids. However, it is possible that differences in chemical and molecular properties (for example, surface tension) may lead to different results.  
5.3 In addition to the failure mode where a liquid finds a pathway for penetration through a void, imperfection, or defect in material or clothing subassembly, some selected chemicals cause degradation of barrier material, film, or coating, leading to penetration over extended periods of contact.7  
5.4 Five different procedures for how the specimen is exposed to the liquid are provided in Table 1. In this test method, all procedures involve liquid exposure that is continuous over the duration of the test. These procedures entail different hydrostatic pressures and durations of liquid exposure.  
5.4.1 Procedures A, B, and C apply a set pressure (6.9 or 13.8 kPa [1 or 2 psig]) for a specified period of time (1 or 10 min) over a 15- or 60-min liquid exposure time.  
5.4.2 Procedures A and B represent the originally established methods of liquid contact developed by the National Institute for Occu...
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1.1 This test method is used to test specimens of protective clothing materials, assemblies such as seams and closures, or interfaces used in the construction of protective clothing. The resistance to visible penetration of the test liquid is determined with the liquid in continuous contact with the normally outside (exterior) surface of the test specimen.  
1.2 This test method includes different procedures for maintaining the liquid in contact with the test specimen in terms of the length of exposure and the pressure applied. Suggestions are provided for how to select an appropriate procedure for liquid contact.  
1.3 In some cases, significant amounts of hazardous materials will permeate specimens that pass the penetration tests. For more sensitive analyses, use either Test Method F739 or F1383 to determine permeation.  
1.4 This test method does not address penetration of vapors through protective clothing materials.  
1.5 This test method is not applicable to non-planar protective clothing materials, interfaces, or assemblies such as the fingertips or crotch areas of gloves, which are possible failure points.  
1.6 This test method does not address the liquid penetration resistance of full protective clothing items or ensembles. Use Test Method F1359 for this purpose.  
1.7 The values as stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards are given in Section 7.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for t...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide is intended to encourage thorough and consistent documentation of permeation testing and its results.  
3.2 Uniform information and performance data increase the likelihood of selecting proper chemical protective clothing material (CPC) by permitting direct comparisons of one product with another.  
3.3 A standard format for test information and data also encourages computer storage of test results for easy retrieval, comparison, and correlations.
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1.1 This guide provides a format for documenting information and performance data from a permeation test.  
1.2 Documented information and data are grouped into five major categories that define important aspects of each test:  
1.2.1 Protective clothing material,  
1.2.2 Test method,  
1.2.3 Challenge chemical,  
1.2.4 Test results, and  
1.2.5 Source of the data.  
1.3 Use of this guide is facilitated by adherence to the procedures outlined in a standard test method.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 In many situations where chemicals are interacting with other chemicals or materials, the interaction is strongly dependent and often correlated with the functional group(s) present. These interactions include chemical reaction, dissolution, and swelling/permeation of polymeric materials. For this reason, it is useful to have a standard means for classifying chemicals.  
2.2 One application for this classification system is in the selection of chemical protective clothing based on the chemical resistance of the clothing materials.3,4,5 Chemical resistance data are available for only a very small fraction of the chemicals for which protective clothing is used. However, for chemicals for which no data are available, a knowledge of the chemical class sometimes can give insight into the resistance of a prospective clothing material.  
Note 1: The present state of knowledge precludes reliable estimates from chemical class alone.  
2.3 The classification system also facilitates the development of predictive methodology by researchers in a variety of fields, in addition to protective clothing.
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1.1 This standard provides a classification system for chemical compounds whereby chemicals are assigned a three-digit code based primarily on chemical class.2 Poly-functional compounds should be classified by all applicable code numbers associated with their component functional groups.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice describes the minimum information to be provided by the manufacturer or seller to the buyer or end user related to the wearing, care, and maintenance of chemical protective clothing. Adherence to this practice allows written information to be provided with the protective clothing to purchasers by means of labels (such as labels complying with Practice F1301), pamphlets, or other documents.  
4.2 Not every element of this practice may be applicable to all chemical protective clothing components or configurations. It is the manufacturer’s or seller’s responsibility to determine which portions of this practice, and the corresponding requirements, are applicable to their chemical protective clothing products. For informational requirements that are not applicable because of the nature of the product and intended use, the manufacturer or seller is to indicate and describe those portions or requirements that are not applicable.  
4.3 All information related to wearing, decontamination, care, and maintenance are required to be written in a manner so that the end user can readily understand the details. To emphasize important limitations, bold lettering and explicit warning terminology (for example, signal words such as ‘danger,’ ‘warning,’ and ‘caution’ (described in ANSI Z535.4)) are to be used. Where possible, pictograms and illustrations are required to convey specific instructions. In addition, the use of symbols, such as those provided in the care of textile products in Guide D5489, are appropriate for indicating specific care procedures used in cleaning protective clothing where applicable.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the recommended minimum information to be conveyed by the manufacturers or sellers to buyers or end users for the wearing, care, and maintenance of chemical protective clothing.  
1.1.1 This practice does not cover specific instructions for how to select and when to use protective clothing or design requirements.  
1.1.2 This practice does not apply to protective clothing that is solely intended for protection against flame and thermal hazards.  
1.2 Information provided by this practice aids organizations that select and use chemical protective clothing in their implementation of requirements established in Sections 10 and 11 of Practice F1461.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice presents those elements that constitute a chemical protective clothing (CPC) program and conditions to be used in establishing a program for the selection and use of CPC. Adherence to this practice requires that a written program be developed for any use of CPC.  
4.2 Although much remains to be determined regarding the toxicity of vapor and liquid exposure to the skin, this practice outlines the essential information necessary and suggested methods for hazard risk assessment prior to the selection of CPC (see Practices F1154).  
4.3 This practice does not address the various methods for testing CPC or obtaining the data upon which CPC assessments are made. These test methods are listed in Section 2 of this practice.  
4.4 This practice does not include recommendations that may apply to personal protection from nuclear radiation, radioactive contamination, or microbiological organisms, or to clothing that is worn to protect a particular environment from the entry of chemicals, particles, or living matter that may arise from the wearer.  
4.5 CPC should be used when other means of control are not available. Its major uses should be limited to the following:  
4.5.1 Maintenance operations;  
4.5.2 Upset or emergency conditions;  
4.5.3 Use in lieu of engineering controls when they are not feasible or are being installed;  
4.5.4 Supplementing feasible engineering controls when they fail to control the hazard completely; and  
4.5.5 Use in the event that engineering controls fail.  
4.6 Engineering controls and substitution of materials should be stressed as the first line of defense in all control situations since effective use of CPC depends on worker compliance, proper selection, quality control, and other variables that may prove to be weak links in an overall control process.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to promote the proper selection, use, maintenance, and understanding of the limitations of chemical protective clothing (CPC) by users, employers, employees, and other persons involved in programs requiring CPC, thereby limiting potentially harmful and unnecessary skin exposures.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 As with other hazardous materials protective ensembles, air-fed protective ensembles include clothing and equipment items needed for dermal and respiratory protection, including protective suits, gloves, footwear, and eye/face protection. Unlike other protective ensembles, air-fed protective ensembles do not use separate respiratory protective devices such as self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or non-powered air-purifying respirators (APRs).  
4.1.1 Those types of respirators normally have a tight-fitting face piece that provides inhalation hazard protection and dermal exposure protection to the face, eyes, nose, and mouth.  
4.1.2 Air-fed protective ensembles are worn without the use of a separate respirator. The entire suit serves as the respiratory protective device and also provides dermal exposure protection. The wearer breathes supplied air or filtered air pumped into the protective suit.  
4.2 Air-fed protective ensembles are used to protect workers in a number of applications.  
4.2.1 These include, but are not limited to: chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing, remediation of hazardous materials sites, use against highly infectious biological agents in Biosafety Level 4 laboratories, and for protection of workers involved in nuclear and radiological facilities, where it is possible radioactive particles will be encountered.  
4.3 The requirements of this specification have been partly based on the NFPA 1991 and NFPA 1994 standards, which establish criteria for vapor-protective ensembles used in hazardous materials emergencies. NFPA 1991 establishes requirements for a protective ensemble that encapsulates the wearer and the breathing apparatus. NFPA 1994 establishes requirements for a protective ensemble under Class 1 requirements that in some configurations encapsulates the wearer and the breathing apparatus.  
4.3.1 In this specification, a breathing apparatus is not worn inside the suit, but instead breathing air is connected to the su...
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes design, performance, classification, documentation, labeling, and certification requirements for protective ensembles that deliver air to the wearer by means of an air line or powered air purifying respirator (PAPR).  
1.2 As a prerequisite to this specification, regulations within Title 42 Federal Code of Regulations, Part 84 are used to establish the conformance of the air-fed protective ensemble to respiratory protection requirements.  
1.3 This specification addresses protective ensembles used for environments involving chemical, biological, and radiological/nuclear particulate hazards.  
1.4 This specification sets specific criteria for air-fed protective ensembles used to prevent exposure to substances such as, but not limited to, chemical hazards, infectious microorganisms requiring Biosafety Level 4 (BLS4) protection, and environments where it is possible radiological or nuclear particulates will be found.  
1.5 This specification is further used for classification of the protective ensemble as limited use or multiple use.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide establishes a recommended list of challenge chemicals to encourage those who evaluate chemical protective clothing to test a minimum number of chemicals in common. This list will simplify the comparison of data from different sources.  
5.2 This guide may also serve material developers or evaluators in screening candidate protective clothing materials.  
5.3 Test methods applicable to the use of this guide include, but are not limited to, Test Methods F903 and F739.  
5.3.1 The battery of chemical gases shall not be used for testing material penetration resistance because Test Method F903 has been designed for measuring liquid penetration only.  
5.3.2 Evaluation of materials against the gaseous chemical battery is primarily intended for those materials used in the construction of totally encapsulating protective suits or other clothing items that are designed to prevent exposure to chemical vapors or gases. Only vapor-protective clothing that has been evaluated for and has demonstrated appropriate levels of inward leakage against gases and vapor is appropriate for protection against vapors and gases. Protective clothing that only covers part of the body or that does not have vapor-resistant closures, closures, or interfaces to other ensemble components does not provide protection against hazardous chemical vapors and gases.
Note 1: Methods to evaluate the vapor-protective performance of protective clothing ensembles include, but are not limited to, Test Method F1052 and Test Method F2588.  
5.4 The presence of any chemical in this battery does not connote any special significance of the chemical for protecting workers from chemical hazards. This battery of chemicals is intended to represent a range of chemical classes, hazards, physical characteristics, and other factors. Not of all of the chemicals in this battery have any significance from a skin toxicity or irritation perspective.  
5.5 Chemical resistance of a protective clothing material...
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1.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide a recommended list of both liquid and gaseous chemicals for evaluating protective clothing materials in testing programs.  
1.2 Results derived from testing programs using these lists of test chemicals are not intended for the definitive characterization of protective clothing materials.  
1.3 This list of test chemicals is not inclusive of all chemical challenges; the chemicals were chosen to represent broad ranges of liquid and gaseous chemical classes and properties. Not all chemical classes are represented. Other chemicals, especially those of interest to the manufacturer or user, should be tested in addition to those recommended in this guide.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific hazards statement is given in Section 7.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method establishes a standard procedure for rapidly (in 1 h or less) determining the chemical resistance of specimens of protective clothing materials. This test method can be used to rank materials as to their suitability for use with liquids of known or unknown composition.  
5.2 The breakthrough detection time, permeation rate, or cumulative permeation can be used to identify protective clothing materials that are more likely to limit potential exposures to chemicals. Longer breakthrough detection times and lower cumulative amounts permeated and permeation rates are characteristics of materials that are better barriers to the test chemical.  
5.3 In general this test method is less sensitive than Test Method F739 coupled with sensitive analytical procedures. In cases where the chemical of concern is highly toxic and contact of even a very small amount with the skin may be detrimental to health, the permeation cup method is not recommended. Use Test Method F739.  
5.4 Upon permeating the clothing material, the chemical must evaporate in order for a weight loss to occur and permeation to be detected. Consequently, the test method may not be applicable for chemicals having low volatility (that is, vapor pressure). The vapor pressure below which this test method is not applicable has not been determined.  
5.4.1 A procedure for assessing volatility is described in Section 10.  
5.5 The results of this test method are highly dependent on the test temperature. If the objective is to compare different clothing materials, all tests shall be conducted at the same temperature (±3 °C).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the barrier effectiveness of a specimen of protective clothing upon continuous contact with a liquid.  
1.1.1 Procedure A—For use when a value for the cumulative amount of chemical permeated in 1 h is desired.  
1.1.2 Procedure B—For use when breakthrough detection time and permeation rate values are desired.  
1.2 Although not addressed herein, the effect of the test chemical on the clothing material can be determined by comparing the weight or other physical properties of the specimen before and after the permeation test.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These practices establish standard procedures designed for qualitatively evaluating the performance characteristics of protective ensembles or ensemble elements in terms of comfort, fit, function, and durability. Limited quantitative measures are also provided.  
5.2 These practices are suitable for both end users and manufacturers to evaluate performance characteristics of protective ensembles and ensemble elements.  
5.2.1 End users may use these practices to qualitatively determine how well protective ensembles and ensemble elements (gloves, boots, and respirators) and ensemble components (communications systems, cooling devices, and undergarments) meet their particular application.  
5.2.2 Manufacturers of protective ensembles and ensemble elements may use these practices to determine the qualitative performance characteristics in existing or proposed designs.  
5.3 Option A permits a qualitative evaluation of protective ensemble or ensemble element mobility by subjecting the protective ensemble to a manned exercise routine. Option B permits a qualitative evaluation of protective ensemble or ensemble element function. Each procedure can be used to assess ensemble comfort and fit by relating test subject responses and by comparing the dimensions and weights of both the test subject and suit.
Note 1: The accumulation of suit and human subject dimension data may eventually be used by manufacturers or end users in standards to improve the sizing of chemical-protective suits and the integration of ensemble components in protective ensembles.  
5.4 The use of these practices is primarily for qualitative purposes only. In general, results from use of these practices on one type of ensemble may not be comparable to other test results on a different ensemble due to the subjective nature of test results.  
5.5 Certain aspects of these practices are quantitative. The effect of wearing the ensemble or ensemble element can also be assessed by the measurement of t...
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1.1 These practices are intended for evaluating protective ensembles and ensemble elements to determine the suitability of the ensemble or ensemble components in a work environment on the basis of its comfort, fit, function, and durability.  
1.1.1 Option A
is a manned exercise scenario intended to evaluate the impact of the ensembles and ensemble elements on wearer mobility when worn in a series of different physical exercises that are intended to evaluate the range of motion permitted by the ensemble or ensemble element.  
1.1.2 Option B
is a manned work task scenario intended to determine impact of the ensemble or ensemble element on wearer function.  
1.1.3 Recording the length of time used to complete these tasks provides a means for quantifying the impact of the ensemble or ensemble element on the wearer function.  
1.1.4 Relating the ability of the subject to completely perform all tasks provides a qualitative assessment for the impact of the ensemble or ensemble element on wearer function.  
1.1.5 The optional evaluation of ensembles or ensemble elements for liquid or vapor integrity following the exercise protocols provides a basis for evaluating the impact of wearing on ensemble or ensemble element integrity.  
1.2 These practices apply to protective ensembles and certain ensemble elements that are used for protection against different chemical, biological, physical, thermal, and other hazards, but are primarily useful for ensembles that include barrier layers such as liquid splash-protective ensembles used for protection against hazardous chemicals or highly infectious diseases, or vapor-protective ensembles used for chemical protection.  
1.3 The values as stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the res...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice contains the recommendations for minimal informational requirements for the identification of chemical protective clothing items. It is intended to provide the user with some of the basic information necessary for the proper selection and use of the chemical protective clothing.  
3.2 For some items of chemical protective clothing, such as disposable chemical protective gloves, it is recognized that it is not practical that the labeling information be provided directly on the product. Therefore, it is permissible that this information be provided on the direct packaging that contains the product. As an example, it is possible to put the recommended product information on the dispenser box that contains multiple pairs of disposable chemical protective gloves.  
3.3 Additional information beyond the content recommended by this practice is permitted to be applied to the label. This additional label content can include statements indicating compliance with specific standards, warnings, limitations associated with the product, and certain types of use, care, and maintenance information as addressed in Practice F2061.  
3.4 Rules and regulations in Title 16 Code of Federal Regulations Part 303 cover the identification of fibers in textile products, specifically the disclosure of the fiber content and the manner of labeling products for purposes of applying tariffs on imported products and for informing the consumer. This practice is not intended to be a replacement for the requirements in 16 CFR 303, which may still apply to certain types of chemical protective clothing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the informational content of labels in or on chemical protective clothing. This practice also addresses putting label content on chemical protective clothing packaging when it is not practical to attach the label directly to the chemical protective clothing or print it on the chemical protective clothing item based on the size or type of the product.  
1.2 This practice describes the recommended format and minimal content of the information to be included on the labels used for chemical protective clothing.  
1.2.1 For the purposes of this practice, chemical protective clothing includes but is not limited to: suits, garments, and partial body garments such as hoods, aprons, sleeve protectors, gloves, and footwear.  
1.2.2 Protective clothing is defined as any single item or combination of items used for the purpose of isolating parts of the body from direct contact with a potential hazard. It does not include individual parts of a protective clothing item designed to be worn as part of another item (for example, a faceshield or lens) unless it may be worn independently of the other items and still be used in a protective manner. For example, a glove or boot, unless permanently attached to a garment or suit, would be considered a protective clothing item requiring labeling, while a visor or vent valve would not. In summary, the intent of this practice is to only require labeling of parts of an ensemble that can be used independently for the protection of the user.  
1.3 This practice does not cover user information provided by means other than item labeling such as instructions, informational packets, brochures, or other written means. User information is partly addressed in Practice F2061.  
1.4 This practice excludes those items covered under 16 CFR 303 unless specifically designed for use as chemical protective clothing.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice contains the recommendations for minimal informational requirements for the identification of chemical protective clothing items. It is intended to provide the user with some of the basic information necessary for the proper selection and use of the chemical protective clothing.  
3.2 For some items of chemical protective clothing, such as disposable chemical protective gloves, it is recognized that it is not practical that the labeling information be provided directly on the product. Therefore, it is permissible that this information be provided on the direct packaging that contains the product. As an example, it is possible to put the recommended product information on the dispenser box that contains multiple pairs of disposable chemical protective gloves.  
3.3 Additional information beyond the content recommended by this practice is permitted to be applied to the label. This additional label content can include statements indicating compliance with specific standards, warnings, limitations associated with the product, and certain types of use, care, and maintenance information as addressed in Practice F2061.  
3.4 Rules and regulations in Title 16 Code of Federal Regulations Part 303 cover the identification of fibers in textile products, specifically the disclosure of the fiber content and the manner of labeling products for purposes of applying tariffs on imported products and for informing the consumer. This practice is not intended to be a replacement for the requirements in 16 CFR 303, which may still apply to certain types of chemical protective clothing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the informational content of labels in or on chemical protective clothing. This practice also addresses putting label content on chemical protective clothing packaging when it is not practical to attach the label directly to the chemical protective clothing or print it on the chemical protective clothing item based on the size or type of the product.  
1.2 This practice describes the recommended format and minimal content of the information to be included on the labels used for chemical protective clothing.  
1.2.1 For the purposes of this practice, chemical protective clothing includes but is not limited to: suits, garments, and partial body garments such as hoods, aprons, sleeve protectors, gloves, and footwear.  
1.2.2 Protective clothing is defined as any single item or combination of items used for the purpose of isolating parts of the body from direct contact with a potential hazard. It does not include individual parts of a protective clothing item designed to be worn as part of another item (for example, a faceshield or lens) unless it may be worn independently of the other items and still be used in a protective manner. For example, a glove or boot, unless permanently attached to a garment or suit, would be considered a protective clothing item requiring labeling, while a visor or vent valve would not. In summary, the intent of this practice is to only require labeling of parts of an ensemble that can be used independently for the protection of the user.  
1.3 This practice does not cover user information provided by means other than item labeling such as instructions, informational packets, brochures, or other written means. User information is partly addressed in Practice F2061.  
1.4 This practice excludes those items covered under 16 CFR 303 unless specifically designed for use as chemical protective clothing.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 As with other hazardous materials protective ensembles, air-fed protective ensembles include clothing and equipment items needed for dermal and respiratory protection, including protective suits, gloves, footwear, and eye/face protection. Unlike other protective ensembles, air-fed protective ensembles do not use separate respiratory protective devices such as self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or non-powered air-purifying respirators (APRs).  
4.1.1 Those types of respirators normally have a tight-fitting face piece that provides inhalation hazard protection and dermal exposure protection to the face, eyes, nose, and mouth.  
4.1.2 Air-fed protective ensembles are worn without the use of a separate respirator. The entire suit serves as the respiratory protective device and also provides dermal exposure protection. The wearer breathes supplied air or filtered air pumped into the protective suit.  
4.2 Air-fed protective ensembles are used to protect workers in a number of applications.  
4.2.1 These include, but are not limited to: chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing, remediation of hazardous materials sites, use against highly infectious biological agents in BioSafety Level 4 laboratories, and for protection of workers involved in nuclear and radiological facilities, where it is possible radioactive particles will be encountered.  
4.3 The requirements of this specification have been partly based on the NFPA 1991 standard, which establishes criteria for vapor-protective ensembles used in hazardous materials emergencies. NFPA 1991 establishes requirements for a protective ensemble that encapsulates the wearer and the breathing apparatus.  
4.3.1 In this specification, a breathing apparatus is not worn inside the suit, but instead breathing air is connected to the suit either via an external airline or respiratory protective equipment that is externally connected to the suit wall. Extensive criteria for the integrity of the overall ensemble are ...
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes design, performance, classification, documentation, labeling, and certification requirements for protective ensembles that deliver air to the wearer by means of an air line or powered air purifying respirator (PAPR).  
1.2 As a prerequisite to this specification, regulations within Title 42 Federal Code of Regulations, Part 84 are used to establish the conformance of the air-fed protective ensemble to respiratory protection requirements.  
1.3 This specification addresses protective ensembles used for environments involving chemical, biological, and radiological/nuclear particulate hazards.  
1.4 This specification sets specific criteria for air-fed protective ensembles used to prevent exposure to substances such as, but not limited to, chemical hazards, infectious microorganisms requiring Biosafety Level 4 (BLS4) protection, and environments where it is possible radiological or nuclear particulates will be found.  
1.5 This specification is further used for classification of the protective ensemble as limited use or multiple use.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 This guide is intended to encourage thorough and consistent documentation of airborne particle penetration testing and its results.  
2.2 Uniform information and performance data increase the likelihood of selecting proper particle protective clothing by direct comparison of one material with another.  
2.3 A standard format for test information and data also encourages computer storage of test results for easy retrieval, comparison, and correlations.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides a format for documenting information and performance data for an airborne particle penetration test.  
1.2 Documented data and information are grouped into five categories that define important aspects of each test:  
1.2.1 Description of material tested,  
1.2.2 Challenge particles,  
1.2.3 Test method,  
1.2.4 Test results, and  
1.2.5 Source of the data.  
1.3 Use of this guide is facilitated by adherence to procedures outlined in a standard test method.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurements are included in this standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is normally used to evaluate the barrier effectiveness against penetration of liquids through materials, seams, closures, or other planar assemblies used in protective clothing and specimens from finished items of protective clothing.  
5.1.1 Finished items of protective clothing include gloves, arm protectors, aprons, coveralls, suits, hoods, boots, and similar items.  
5.1.2 The phrase “specimens from finished items” is permitted to include continuous regions of protective clothing items as well as seamed or other discontinuous regions of protective clothing.  
5.1.3 The types of specimens are limited to those that are relatively flat (planar) that are capable of being sealed in the test cell specified in this test method without peripheral leakage.  
5.2 A substitute challenge liquid (for example, water or isopropanol) is appropriate in some cases to generalize material penetration resistance to liquids. However, it is possible that differences in chemical and molecular properties (for example, surface tension) may lead to different results.  
5.3 In addition to the failure mode where a liquid finds a pathway for penetration through a void, imperfection, or defect in material or clothing subassembly, some selected chemicals cause degradation of barrier material, film or coating leading to penetration over extended periods of contact.7  
5.4 Five different procedures for how the specimen is exposed to the liquid are provided in Table 1. In this test method, all procedures involve liquid exposure that is continuous over the duration of the test. These procedures entail different hydrostatic pressures and durations of liquid exposure.  
5.4.1 Procedures A, B, and C apply a set pressure (6.9 or 13.8 kPa [1 or 2 psig]) for a specified period of time (1 or 10 min) over a 15- or 60-min liquid exposure time.  
5.4.2 Procedures A and B represent the originally established methods of liquid contact developed by the National Institute for Occupa...
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1.1 This test method is used to test specimens of protective clothing materials, assemblies such as seams and closures, or interfaces used in the construction of protective clothing. The resistance to visible penetration of the test liquid is determined with the liquid in continuous contact with the normally outside (exterior) surface of the test specimen.  
1.2 This test method includes different procedures for maintaining the liquid in contact with the test specimen in terms of the length of exposure and the pressure applied. Suggestions are provided for how to select an appropriate procedure for liquid contact.  
1.3 In some cases, significant amounts of hazardous materials will permeate specimens that pass the penetration tests. For more sensitive analyses use either Test Method F739 or F1383 to determine permeation.  
1.4 This test method does not address penetration of vapors through protective clothing materials.  
1.5 This test method is not applicable to non-planar protective clothing materials, interfaces, or assemblies such as the finger tips or crotch areas of gloves, which are possible failure points.  
1.6 This test method does not address the liquid penetration resistance of full protective clothing items or ensembles. Use Test Method F1359 for this purpose.  
1.7 The values as stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards are given in Section 7.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method evaluates the ability of the construction and configuration of protective clothing or protective ensembles to resist liquid penetration. In most cases, the conditions used in this test method will not represent actual end-use conditions.  
5.2 Two different spray configurations are used for exposing the protective clothing or protective ensemble on a manikin.  
5.2.1 Procedure A involves five shower nozzles with one nozzle directly above the clothed manikin and two nozzles each to upper and lower sides of the manikin that are all positioned in the same vertical plane. This spray configuration is intended to provide a full exposure of the entire protective clothing or protective ensemble system.  
5.2.2 Procedure B involves three shower nozzles that are positioned at different heights on a vertical line that is parallel to the manikin with the locations and direction of each nozzle set with respect to targets on the manikin. This spray configuration is intended to provide a direct assessment of garment features such as the front closure.  
5.3 The selected duration of the test is not intended to simulate user exposure to splashes of liquid substances but rather to provide sufficient time for enough liquid to penetrate to make visual detection easier. The default liquid exposure time for Procedure A is 20 min. The default liquid exposure time for Procedure B is 10 min.  
5.3.1 It is permissible to specify shorter test durations. It is recommended that the duration of exposure be the same in each manikin orientation.  
5.3.2 The choice of different test duration is partly based on the number of layers in the specimen being tested, some of which serve to absorb the surfactant-treated test liquid and result in attenuating the severity of the liquid challenge to the specimen.  
5.4 A nontoxic, non-foaming surfactant is added to water for this test method to simulate liquids of lower surface tensions. Liquids of specific interest can be simulate...
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1.1 This test method measures the ability of protective clothing or protective ensembles to resist liquid penetration in the form of a shower spray with surfactant-treated water.  
1.2 This test method measures the liquid penetration resistance of the construction and configuration of the overall protective clothing or protective ensemble, but especially of seams, closures, and interfaces with other components such as gloves, boots, hoods, and respiratory protective equipment. It is intended that this test method be used to assess the liquid penetration resistance of protective clothing and protective ensembles as received from the manufacturer and worn in accordance with their instructions.  
1.3 Resistance of materials used in protective clothing to permeation or penetration can be determined in accordance with Test Method F739 (or Test Method F1383 or Test Method F1407) and Test Method F903, respectively. Alternatively, resistance of materials used in protective clothing to penetration by synthetic blood or liquids containing virus can be determined in accordance with Test Method F1670 and Test Method F1671.  
1.4 The integrity of vapor protective ensembles is measured by its ability to maintain positive internal pressure with Test Method F1052.  
1.5 The values in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method evaluates the ability of the construction and configuration of protective clothing or protective ensembles to resist liquid penetration. In most cases, the conditions used in this test method will not represent actual end-use conditions.  
5.2 Two different spray configurations are used for exposing the protective clothing or protective ensemble on a manikin.  
5.2.1 Procedure A involves five shower nozzles with one nozzle directly above the clothed manikin and two nozzles each to upper and lower sides of the manikin that are all positioned in the same vertical plane. This spray configuration is intended to provide a full exposure of the entire protective clothing or protective ensemble system.  
5.2.2 Procedure B involves three shower nozzles that are positioned at different heights on a vertical line that is parallel to the manikin with the locations and direction of each nozzle set with respect to targets on the manikin. This spray configuration is intended to provide a direct assessment of garment features such as the front closure.  
5.3 The selected duration of the test is not intended to simulate user exposure to splashes of liquid substances but rather to provide sufficient time for enough liquid to penetrate to make visual detection easier. The default liquid exposure time for Procedure A is 20 min. The default liquid exposure time for Procedure B is 10 min.  
5.3.1 It is permissible to specify shorter test durations. It is recommended that the duration of exposure be the same in each manikin orientation.  
5.3.2 The choice of different test duration is partly based on the number of layers in the specimen being tested, some of which serve to absorb the surfactant-treated test liquid and result in attenuating the severity of the liquid challenge to the specimen.  
5.4 A nontoxic, non-foaming surfactant is added to water for this test method to simulate liquids of lower surface tensions. Liquids of specific interest can be simulate...
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1.1 This test method measures the ability of protective clothing or protective ensembles to resist liquid penetration in the form of a shower spray with surfactant-treated water.  
1.2 This test method measures the liquid penetration resistance of the construction and configuration of the overall protective clothing or protective ensemble, but especially of seams, closures, and interfaces with other components such as gloves, boots, hoods, and respiratory protective equipment. It is intended that this test method be used to assess the liquid penetration resistance of protective clothing and protective ensembles as received from the manufacturer and worn in accordance with their instructions.  
1.3 Resistance of materials used in protective clothing to permeation or penetration can be determined in accordance with Test Method F739 (or Test Method F1383 or Test Method F1407) and Test Method F903, respectively. Alternatively, resistance of materials used in protective clothing to penetration by synthetic blood or liquids containing virus can be determined in accordance with Test Method F1670 and Test Method F1671.  
1.4 The integrity of vapor protective ensembles is measured by its ability to maintain positive internal pressure with Test Method F1052.  
1.5 The values in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The standards under the jurisdiction of Committee F23 and other technical committees can be used individually or as part of an integrated protocol in the development, selection, specification, and use of chemical protective clothing.  
4.2 The standards are intended as a means by which information can be requested, generated, and reported in a consistent, comparable manner.  
4.3 The suggested evaluation and test methods are recommended guidelines only. Test methods offer procedures for evaluating chemical protective clothing at standardized conditions to allow comparison.  
4.4 The information on clothing performance must be combined with professional judgment, and a clear understanding of the clothing application, to provide the best protection to the worker. All chemical protective clothing use must be based on a hazard assessment to determine the risks for exposure to chemicals and other hazards. Conduct hazard assessments in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.132.  
4.5 Chemical protective clothing intended for use during hazardous materials emergencies shall be evaluated against and conform to NFPA 1991, Standard on Vapor-Protective Ensemble for Hazardous Materials Emergencies, or NFPA 1992, Standard on Liquid Splash-Protective Ensemble and Clothing for Hazardous Materials Emergencies, as appropriate for the type of emergency. For emergencies involving release of chemical agents during terrorism incidents, chemical protective clothing shall be evaluated against and conform to NFPA 1994, Standard on Protective Ensemble for Chemical/Biological Terrorism Incidents.  
4.6 Recommendations for labeling chemical protective clothing are provided in Practice F1301, recommendations for implementing a chemical protective clothing program are provided in Practice F1461, and recommendations for preparing care and maintenance instructions are provided in Practice F2061.  
4.7 Appendix X1 is an example of how several of the referenced standards can be combined into a prot...
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1.1 This guide is intended to aid in the application of standards for the development, specification, and selection of chemical protective clothing with the ultimate goal of maintaining the safety and health of workers who come into contact with hazardous chemicals.  
1.2 This guide provides a short description of each referenced standard and then makes specific recommendations for the use of these standards. The referenced standards are organized under the following headings: Material Chemical Resistance, Material Physical Properties, Seam and Closure Performance, and Overall Clothing Performance.  
1.3 No protocol can ensure the selection of protective clothing that guarantees worker protection. The purpose of testing is to generate data and information that will allow the selection of the most appropriate clothing. Ultimately, clothing selection is based on technical evaluation of available information and professional assessment of risk.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Workers involved in the production, use, and transportation of liquid and gaseous chemicals can be exposed to numerous compounds capable of causing harm upon contact with the human body. The deleterious effects of these chemicals can range from acute trauma such as skin irritation and burn to chronic degenerative disease such as cancer. Since engineering controls may not eliminate all possible exposures, attention is often placed on reducing the potential for direct skin contact through the use of protective clothing that resists permeation, penetration, and degradation.  
5.2 This test method is only appropriate for evaluating the integrity of totally encapsulating protective suits, that are designed and manufactured to prevent the inward leakage of gases and vapors. The vapor protection should be tested in accordance with Test Method F2588. Garments designed to protect from liquid chemicals should be tested in accordance with Test Method F1359.  
5.3 This non-destructive test method is useful as a quality control tool for manufactures and as a field method for end users to determine changes in garment integrity following use.  
5.4 This test method is useful to end users for determining the integrity of vapor protective suits upon receipt from the manufacturer, prior to use, following use and decontamination, following repairs, and as a periodic maintenance test.
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1.1 This test method measures the ability of a vapor protective suits, including seams, and closures to maintain a fixed, positive pressure.  
1.2 This test method does not measure vapor protection of suits. This test method measures the integrity of the suit, glove, foot protection, and visor materials, as well as the seams, and closures of a vapor protective suit. Exhaust valves fitted in the vapor protective suit must be sealed or blocked for this test and therefore are not functionally tested.  
1.3 The values as stated in in.-H2O (mm-H2O) units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method evaluates the ability of the construction and configuration of protective clothing or protective ensembles to resist liquid penetration. In most cases, the conditions used in this test method will not represent actual end-use conditions.  
5.2 The one-hour duration of the test is not intended to simulate user exposure to splashes of liquid chemical but rather to provide sufficient time for enough liquid to penetrate to make visual detection easier.  
5.2.1 It is permissible to specify shorter test durations. The duration of exposure in each mannequin orientation must be the same.  
5.2.2 The choice of different test duration is partly based on the number of layers in the specimen being tested, some of which serve to absorb the surfactant-treated test liquid and result in attenuating the severity of the liquid challenge to the specimen.  
5.3 A nontoxic, non-foaming surfactant is added to water for this test method to simulate liquids of lower surface tensions. Liquids of specific interest can be simulated by treating water to achieve an equivalent surface tension.  
5.4 For protective clothing with water-repellent surfaces, the lower surface tension liquid will aid in the evaluation of the construction and configuration of the garment because it is not repelled but wets the protective clothing. This is especially useful for reusable garments whose water-repellent surface interferes with the evaluation of their construction and configuration when new, but is diminished after wearing and washing.  
5.5 Fluorescent or colored dyes may be added to the water to enhance detection of liquid penetration into the protective clothing or protective ensemble.  
5.6 This test method can be used by both manufacturers and end users to assess liquid penetration resistance. Manufacturers can use this test method to evaluate quality of construction and effectiveness of clothing and ensemble configurations.  
5.7 The clothing or ensemble shall be siz...
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1.1 This test method measures the ability of protective clothing or protective ensembles to resist liquid penetration in the form of a shower spray with surfactant-treated water.  
1.2 This test method measures the liquid penetration resistance of the construction and configuration of the overall protective clothing or protective ensemble, but especially of seams, closures, and interfaces with other components such as gloves, boots, hoods, and respiratory protective equipment. It is intended that this test method be used to assess the liquid penetration resistance of protective clothing and protective ensembles as received from the manufacturer and worn in accordance with their instructions.  
1.3 Resistance of materials used in protective clothing to permeation or penetration can be determined in accordance with Test Methods F739 and F903, respectively.  
1.4 The integrity of vapor protective ensembles is measured by its ability to maintain positive internal pressure with Test Method F1052.  
1.5 The values in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 In many situations where chemicals are interacting with other chemicals or materials, the interaction is strongly dependent and often correlated with the functional group(s) present. These interactions include chemical reaction, dissolution, and swelling/permeation of polymeric materials. For this reason, it is useful to have a standard means for classifying chemicals.  
2.2 One application for this classification system is in the selection of chemical protective clothing based on the chemical resistance of the clothing materials.3 ,4 ,5 Chemical resistance data are available for only a very small fraction of the chemicals for which protective clothing is used. However, for chemicals for which no data are available, a knowledge of the chemical class sometimes can give insight into the resistance of a prospective clothing material. Note 1—The present state of knowledge precludes reliable estimates from chemical class alone.  
2.3 The classification system also facilitates the development of predictive methodology by researchers in a variety of fields, in addition to protective clothing.
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1.1 This standard provides a classification system for chemical compounds whereby chemicals are assigned a 3-digit code based primarily on chemical class.2 Poly-functional compounds should be classified by all applicable code numbers associated with their component functional groups.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to measure chemical permeation through specimens of protective clothing under the condition of intermittent contact of a test chemical with the specimen. In many applications, protective clothing is contacted intermittently to chemicals, not continuously as is tested by Test Method F739.  
5.2 This test method is normally used to evaluate flat specimens from finished items of protective clothing and of materials that are candidates for items of protective clothing.  
5.2.1 Finished items of protective clothing include gloves, arm shields, aprons, suits, hats, boots, respirators, and the like.  
5.2.2 The phrase specimens from finished items encompasses seamed or other discontinuous regions as well as the usual continuous regions of protective clothing items.  
5.3 In some cases, it may be of interest to compare permeation behaviors that occur under conditions of intermittent contact with those that occur during continuous contact. Test Method F739 is recommended for measuring permeation under the conditions of continuous contact of the test chemical with the clothing specimen.  
5.4 The breakthrough detection time, standardized breakthrough time, and the cumulative permeation are key measures of the effectiveness of a clothing material as a barrier to the test chemical. Such information is used in the comparison of clothing materials during the process of selecting clothing for protection from hazardous chemicals. Long breakthrough detection times and standardized breakthrough times and low cumulative permeation are characteristics of better barriers. Note 1—At present, there is limited quantitative information exists about acceptable levels of dermal contact with most chemicals. Therefore, the data obtained using this test method cannot be used to infer safe exposure levels.  
5.4.1 The reporting of a standardized breakthrough time greater than a specific time period does not mean that no chemical has permeated through the p...
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1.1 This test method measures the permeation of liquids and gases through protective clothing materials under the condition of intermittent contact.  
1.2 This test method is designed for use when the test chemical is a gas or a liquid; where the liquid is either volatile (that is, having a vapor pressure greater than 1 mm Hg at 25°C) or soluble in water or another liquid that does not interact with the clothing material.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to measure chemical permeation through specimens of protective clothing under the condition of intermittent contact of a test chemical with the specimen. In many applications, protective clothing is contacted intermittently to chemicals, not continuously as is tested by Test Method F739.  
5.2 This test method is normally used to evaluate flat specimens from finished items of protective clothing and of materials that are candidates for items of protective clothing.  
5.2.1 Finished items of protective clothing include gloves, arm shields, aprons, suits, hats, boots, respirators, and the like.  
5.2.2 The phrase specimens from finished items encompasses seamed or other discontinuous regions as well as the usual continuous regions of protective clothing items.  
5.3 In some cases, it may be of interest to compare permeation behaviors that occur under conditions of intermittent contact with those that occur during continuous contact. Test Method F739 is recommended for measuring permeation under the conditions of continuous contact of the test chemical with the clothing specimen.  
5.4 The breakthrough detection time, standardized breakthrough time, and the cumulative permeation are key measures of the effectiveness of a clothing material as a barrier to the test chemical. Such information is used in the comparison of clothing materials during the process of selecting clothing for protection from hazardous chemicals. Long breakthrough detection times and standardized breakthrough times and low cumulative permeation are characteristics of better barriers.  
Note 1: At present, there is limited quantitative information exists about acceptable levels of dermal contact with most chemicals. Therefore, the data obtained using this test method cannot be used to infer safe exposure levels.  
5.4.1 The reporting of a standardized breakthrough time greater than a specific time period does not mean that no chemical has permeated through the pr...
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1.1 This test method measures the permeation of liquids and gases through protective clothing materials under the condition of intermittent contact.  
1.2 This test method is designed for use when the test chemical is a gas or a liquid; where the liquid is either volatile (that is, having a vapor pressure greater than 1 mm Hg at 25°C) or soluble in water or another liquid that does not interact with the clothing material.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is normally used to evaluate flat specimens from finished items of protective clothing and from materials that are candidates for items of protective clothing.  
5.1.1 Finished items of protective clothing include gloves, arm shields, aprons, suits, hats, boots, respirators, and the like.  
5.1.2 The phrase “specimens from finished items” encompasses seamed or other discontinuous regions as well as the usual continuous regions of protective clothing items.  
5.2 The breakthrough detection time, standardized breakthrough time, permeation rate, and cumulative permeation are key measures of the effectiveness of a clothing material as a barrier to the test chemical. Such information is used in the comparison of clothing materials during the process of selecting clothing for protection from hazardous chemicals. Long breakthrough detection times, long standardized breakthrough detection times, low amounts of cumulative permeation, and low permeation rates are characteristics of better barriers.
Note 1: At present, only limited quantitative information exists about acceptable levels of dermal contact with most chemicals. Therefore, the data obtained using this test method cannot be used to infer safe exposure levels.  
5.2.1 The reporting of a standardized breakthrough time greater than a specific time period means that the test chemical has not permeated the specimen at a rate exceeding 0.1 μg/cm2/min in the designated time. Permeation may or may not have occurred at a lower rate during this time interval.  
5.3 The sensitivity of the test method in detecting low permeation rates or amounts of the test chemical that permeate is determined by the combination of the analytical technique and collection system selected, and the ratio of material specimen area to collection medium volume or flow rate.  
5.3.1 The analytical technique employed should be capable of measuring the concentration of the test chemical in the collection medium at, or below...
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1.1 This test method measures the permeation of liquids and gases through protective clothing materials under the condition of continuous contact.  
1.2 This test method is designed for use when the test chemical is a gas or a liquid, where the liquid is either volatile (that is, having a vapor pressure greater than 1 mm Hg at 25°C) or soluble in water or another liquid that does not interact with the clothing material.  
1.3 Values states in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Values given in parentheses are not exact equivalents and are given for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is normally used to evaluate flat specimens from finished items of protective clothing and from materials that are candidates for items of protective clothing.  
5.1.1 Finished items of protective clothing include gloves, arm shields, aprons, suits, hats, boots, respirators, and the like.  
5.1.2 The phrase “specimens from finished items” encompasses seamed or other discontinuous regions as well as the usual continuous regions of protective clothing items.  
5.2 The breakthrough detection time, standardized breakthrough time, permeation rate, and cumulative permeation are key measures of the effectiveness of a clothing material as a barrier to the test chemical. Such information is used in the comparison of clothing materials during the process of selecting clothing for protection from hazardous chemicals. Long breakthrough detection times, long standardized breakthrough detection times, low amounts of cumulative permeation, and low permeation rates are characteristics of better barriers.Note 1—At present, only limited quantitative information exists about acceptable levels of dermal contact with most chemicals. Therefore, the data obtained using this test method cannot be used to infer safe exposure levels.  
5.2.1 The reporting of a standardized breakthrough time greater than a specific time period means that the test chemical has not permeated the specimen at a rate exceeding 0.1 μg/cm2/min in the designated time. Permeation may or may not have occurred at a lower rate during this time interval.  
5.3 The sensitivity of the test method in detecting low permeation rates or amounts of the test chemical that permeate is determined by the combination of the analytical technique and collection system selected, and the ratio of material specimen area to collection medium volume or flow rate.  
5.3.1 The analytical technique employed should be capable of measuring the concentration of the test chemical in the collection medium at, or below, le...
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1.1 This test method measures the permeation of liquids and gases through protective clothing materials under the condition of continuous contact.  
1.2 This test method is designed for use when the test chemical is a gas or a liquid, where the liquid is either volatile (that is, having a vapor pressure greater than 1 mm Hg at 25°C) or soluble in water or another liquid that does not interact with the clothing material.  
1.3 Values states in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Values given in parentheses are not exact equivalents and are given for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide establishes a recommended list of challenge chemicals to encourage those who evaluate chemical protective clothing to test a minimum number of chemicals in common. This list will simplify the comparison of data from different sources.  
This guide may also serve material developers or evaluators in screening candidate protective clothing materials.  
Test methods applicable to the use of this guide include, but are not limited to, Test Methods F903 and F739.
The battery of chemical gases shall not be used for testing material penetration resistance because Test Method F903 has been designed for measuring liquid penetration only.  
Evaluation of materials against the gaseous chemical battery is primarily intended for those materials used in the construction of totally-encapsulating protective suits or other clothing items that are designed to prevent exposure to chemical vapors or gases. Only vapor-protective clothing that have been evaluated for and have demonstrated appropriate levels of inward leakage against gases and vapor are appropriate for protection against vapors and gases. Protective clothing that only covers part of the body or that have does not have vapor-resistant closures, closures, or interfaces to other ensemble components does not provide protection against hazardous chemical vapors and gases.
Note 1—Methods to evaluate the vapor-protective performance of protective clothing ensembles include, but are not limited to, Test Method F1052 and Test Method F2588.
The presence of any chemical in this battery does not connote any special significance of the chemical for protecting workers from chemical hazards. This battery of chemicals is intended to represent a range of chemical classes, hazards, physical characteristics and other factors. Not of all of the chemicals in this battery have any significance from a skin toxicity or irritation perspective.
Chemical resistance of a protective clothing material against a specific chemical...
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1.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide a recommended list of both liquid and gaseous chemicals for evaluating protective clothing materials in testing programs.  
1.2 Results derived from testing programs using these lists of test chemicals are not intended for the definitive characterization of protective clothing materials.  
1.3 This list of test chemicals is not inclusive of all chemical challenges; the chemicals were chosen to represent broad ranges of liquid and gaseous chemical classes and properties. Not all chemical classes are represented. Other chemicals, especially those of interest to the manufacturer or user, should be tested in addition to those recommended in this guide.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific hazards statement is given in Section 7.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the minimum performance, classification, and labeling requirements for protective clothing worn by operators applying pesticide products, primarily field strength, in liquid form. It addresses protection provided by protective clothing items that include, but are not limited to, liquid-tight or spray-tight garments, coveralls, jackets, shirts, and pants, with the exception of those used for the protection of the head, hands, and feet. It does not cover protection against biocides, fumigants, or highly volatile liquids. All protective clothing shall be tested and classified by the level of protection based on material, seam, and garment requirements. These requirements include liquid penetration resistance, resistance to penetration by liquid under pressure, resistance to permeation, breaking strength, and tearing strength. The garments shall be supplied with permanent labels and sheets detailing instruction for use, product technical information, and chemical resistance information.
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1.1 This specification establishes minimum performance, classification, and labeling requirements for protective clothing worn by operators applying pesticide products, primarily field strength, in liquid form.
1.2 Protective clothing items covered by this specification include, but are not necessarily limited to, liquid-tight or spray-tight garments, coveralls, jackets, shirts, and pants.
1.3 This specification addresses protection provided by protective accessories, with the exception of those used for the protection of the head, hands, and feet.
1.4 This specification does not address protection against biocides, fumigants, or highly volatile liquids.
1.5 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice presents those elements that constitute a chemical protective clothing (CPC) program and conditions to be used in establishing a program for the selection and use of CPC. Adherence to this practice requires that a written program be developed for any use of CPC.
Although much remains to be determined regarding the toxicity of vapor and liquid exposure to the skin, this practice outlines the essential information necessary and suggested methods for hazard assessment prior to the selection of CPC (see Practice F1154).
This practice does not address the various methods for testing CPC or obtaining the data upon which CPC assessments are made. These test methods are listed in Section 2 of this practice.
This practice does not include recommendations that may apply to personal protection from nuclear radiation, radioactive contamination, or microbiological organisms, or to clothing that is worn to protect a particular environment from the entry of chemicals, particles, or living matter that may arise from the wearer.
CPC should be used when other means of control are not available. Its major uses should be limited to the following:
Maintenance operations;
Upset or emergency conditions;
Use in lieu of engineering controls when they are not feasible or are being installed;
Supplementing feasible engineering controls when they fail to control the hazard completely; and
Use in the event that engineering controls fail.
Engineering controls and substitution of materials should be stressed as the first line of defense in all control situations since effective use of CPC depends on worker compliance, proper selection, quality control, and other variables that may prove to be weak links in an overall control process.
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1.1 This practice is intended to promote the proper selection, use, maintenance, and understanding of the limitations of chemical protective clothing (CPC) by users, employers, employees, and other persons involved in programs requiring CPC, thereby limiting potentially harmful and unnecessary skin exposures.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice describes the minimum information to be provided by the seller to the buyer or end user related to the wearing, care, and maintenance of chemical protective clothing. Adherence to this practice allows written information to be provided with the protective clothing to purchasers by means of labels, pamphlets, or other documents.
Not every element of this practice may be applicable to all chemical protective clothing components or configurations. It is the seller's responsibility to determine which portions of this practice, and the corresponding requirements, are applicable to their protective clothing products. For informational requirements that are not applicable because of the nature of the product and intended use, the seller is to indicate and describe those portions or requirements that are not applicable.
All information related to wearing, decontamination, care, and maintenance shall be written in a manner so that the end user can readily understand the details. To emphasize important limitations, bold lettering and explicit warning terminology (for example, signal words such as Danger, Warning, and Caution (described in ANSI Z535.4)) shall be used. Where possible, pictograms and illustrations shall be used to convey specific instructions. The use of symbols, such as those provided in the care of textile products in Guide D5489, are appropriate for indicating specific care procedures used in cleaning protective clothing.
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1.1 This practice describes the recommended minimum information to be conveyed by the sellers to end users for the wearing, care, and maintenance of chemical protective clothing.  
1.1.1 This practice does not cover specific instructions for when to use protective clothing or design requirements.
1.1.2 This practice does not apply to protective clothing that is solely for protection against flame and thermal hazards.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This practice recommends the minimum information needed to properly implement Sections 10 and 11 of Practice F1461.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended to evaluate the penetration and permeation resistance for complete ensembles to vapors from chemical warfare agents and other chemical substances.
This test method differs from Test Method F1052 by providing an evaluation of ensembles worn on human test subjects and measuring the inward leakage of a chemical agent vapor simulant as it would be absorbed by the wearer’s skin. Test Method F1052 is not applicable to the range of protective ensembles that are evaluated by this test method.
This test method differs from Test Method F1359 by using a chemical agent vapor simulant as compared to a liquid challenge and in the use of human test subjects. This test method further provides a quantitative assessment of inward leakage for the chemical agent vapor simulant.
The use of this test method to determine the inward leakage of other chemical vapor threats must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
This test method is applied to complete ensembles consisting of a suit or garment in combination with gloves, footwear, respirators, and interface devices.
This test method permits any combination or configuration of ensemble elements and components, including ensembles where the respirator covers the face or head.
This test method accommodates protective ensembles or protective clothing having any combination of the following characteristics:
(1) the protective ensemble or clothing is constructed of air permeable, semipermeable, or impermeable fabrics,
(2) the protective ensemble or clothing is of a single or multi-layered design, or
(3) the protective ensemble or clothing is constructed of inert or sorptive fabrics.
MeS has been used as a simulant for chemical warfare agents. MeS is primarily a simulant for distilled mustard (HD) with a similar vapor pressure, density, and water solubility. The use of MeS in vapor form does not simulate all agents or hazardous substances to which ensemble wearers are potentially exposed.
The pr...
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1.1 This test method specifies the test equipment and procedures for conducting tests to estimate the entry of chemical agent vapor simulant through protective ensembles while worn by test subjects.
1.2 This test method permits the evaluation of protective ensembles consisting of protective garments or suits, gloves, footwear, respirators, and interface devices.
1.3 The results of this test method yield local physiological protective dosage factors at individual locations of the human body as well as a systemic physiological protective dosage factor for the entire ensemble.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method establishes a standard procedure for rapidly (in 1 h or less) determining the chemical resistance of specimens of protective clothing materials. This test method can be used to rank materials as to their suitability for use with liquids of known or unknown composition.  
The breakthrough detection time, permeation rate, or cumulative permeation can be used to identify protective clothing materials that are more likely to limit potential exposures to chemicals. Longer breakthrough detection times and lower cumulative amounts permeated and permeation rates are characteristics of materials that are better barriers to the test chemical.  
In general this test method is less sensitive than Test Method F739 coupled with sensitive analytical procedures. In cases where the chemical of concern is highly toxic and contact of even a very small amount with the skin may be detrimental to health, the permeation cup method is not recommended. Use Test Method F739.  
Upon permeating the clothing material, the chemical must evaporate in order for a weight loss to occur and permeation to be detected. Consequently, the test method may not be applicable for chemicals having low volatility (that is, vapor pressure). The vapor pressure below which this test method is not applicable has not been determined.  
A procedure for assessing volatility is described in Section 10.  
The results of this test method are highly dependent on the test temperature. If the objective is to compare different clothing materials, all tests shall be conducted at the same temperature (±3°C).
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1.1 This test method measures the barrier effectiveness of a specimen of protective clothing upon continuous contact with a liquid.  
1.1.1 Procedure A—For use when a value for the cumulative amount of chemical permeated in 1 h is desired.  
1.1.2 Procedure B—For use when breakthrough detection time and permeation rate values are desired.  
1.2 Although not addressed herein, the effect of the test chemical on the clothing material can be determined by comparing the weight or other physical properties of the specimen before and after the permeation test.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 2.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method can be used for laboratory screening of protective clothing material used to manufacture garments and accessories worn by pesticide workers.
This test method can be used for the development and evaluation of new protective clothing materials.
This test method can be used for the evaluation of protective clothing materials against new pesticide formulations.
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1.1 This test method measures repellency, retention and penetration of a known volume of liquid pesticide when applied to protective clothing material. No external hydrostatic or mechanical pressure is applied to the test specimen during or after the application of the liquid pesticide.
1.2 This test method is designed to measure performance of protective clothing materials at two levels of contamination. Low level of contamination is achieved by applying 0.1-mL liquid formulation and high level by applying 0.2 mL.
1.3 This test method does not measure resistance to permeation or degradation.
1.4 This test method is suitable for field strength pesticide formulations. This test method may not be suitable for testing protective clothing materials against volatile pesticides.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method establishes a standard procedure for rapidly (in 1 h or less) determining the chemical resistance of specimens of protective clothing materials. This test method can be used to rank materials as to their suitability for use with liquids of known or unknown composition.  
The breakthrough detection time, permeation rate, or cumulative permeation can be used to identify protective clothing materials that are more likely to limit potential exposures to chemicals. Longer breakthrough detection times and lower cumulative amounts permeated and permeation rates are characteristics of materials that are better barriers to the test chemical.  
In general this test method is less sensitive than Test Method F739 coupled with sensitive analytical procedures. In cases where the chemical of concern is highly toxic and contact of even a very small amount with the skin may be detrimental to health, the permeation cup method is not recommended. Use Test Method F739.  
Upon permeating the clothing material, the chemical must evaporate in order for a weight loss to occur and permeation to be detected. Consequently, the test method may not be applicable for chemicals having low volatility (that is, vapor pressure). The vapor pressure below which this test method is not applicable has not been determined.  
A procedure for assessing volatility is described in Section 10.  
The results of this test method are highly dependent on the test temperature. If the objective is to compare different clothing materials, all tests shall be conducted at the same temperature (±3°C).
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1.1 This test method measures the barrier effectiveness of a specimen of protective clothing upon continuous contact with a liquid.  
1.1.1 Procedure A—For use when a value for the cumulative amount of chemical permeated in 1 h is desired.  
1.1.2 Procedure B—For use when breakthrough detection time and permeation rate values are desired.  
1.2 Although not addressed herein, the effect of the test chemical on the clothing material can be determined by comparing the weight or other physical properties of the specimen before and after the permeation test.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 2.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to measure chemical permeation through specimens of protective clothing under the condition of intermittent contact of a test chemical with the specimen. In many applications, protective clothing is contacted intermittently to chemicals, not continuously as is tested by Test Method F739.  
This test method is normally used to evaluate flat specimens from finished items of protective clothing and of materials that are candidates for items of protective clothing.  
Finished items of protective clothing include gloves, arm shields, aprons, suits, hats, boots, respirators, and the like.  
The phrase specimens from finished items encompasses seamed or other discontinuous regions as well as the usual continuous regions of protective clothing items.  
In some cases, it may be of interest to compare permeation behaviors that occur under conditions of intermittent contact with those that occur during continuous contact. Test Method F739 is recommended for measuring permeation under the conditions of continuous contact of the test chemical with the clothing specimen.  
The breakthrough detection time, standardized breakthrough time, and the cumulative permeation are key measures of the effectiveness of a clothing material as a barrier to the test chemical. Such information is used in the comparison of clothing materials during the process of selecting clothing for protection from hazardous chemicals. Long breakthrough detection times and standardized breakthrough times and low cumulative permeation are characteristics of better barriers.  
Note 1—At present, no quantitative information exists about acceptable levels of dermal contact. Therefore, the data obtained using this test method cannot be used to infer safe exposure levels.  
The sensitivity of the test method in detecting low permeation rates or amounts of the test chemical permeated is determined by the combination of: (1) the analytical technique and collection system selected, and (...
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1.1 This test method measures the permeation of liquids and gases through protective clothing materials under the condition of intermittent contact.  
1.2 This test method is designed for use when the test chemical is a gas or a liquid; where the liquid is either volatile (that is, having a vapor pressure greater than 1 mm Hg at 25°C) or soluble in water or another liquid that does not interact with the clothing material.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These practices establish standard procedures designed for qualitatively evaluating the performance characteristics of chemical-protective suit ensembles in terms of comfort, fit, function, and durability.
These practices are suitable for both end users and manufacturers to evaluate performance characteristics of ensembles and ensemble components.
End users may use these practices to qualitatively determine how well ensembles and ensemble components (gloves, boots, breathing apparatus, communications systems, and cooling devices) meet their particular application.  
Manufacturers of ensembles and ensemble components may use these practices to determine the qualitative performance characteristics in existing or proposed designs.
Procedure A permits a qualitative evaluation of chemical-protective suit integrity (materials, seams, and components) by subjecting the protective ensemble to a manned exercise routine. Option B permits a qualitative evaluation of ensemble and component function. Each procedure can be used to assess ensemble comfort and fit by relating test subject responses and by comparing the dimensions and weights of both the test subject and suit.
Note 1—The accumulation of suit and human subject dimension data may eventually be used by manufacturers or end users in standards to improve the sizing of chemical-protective suits and the integration of ensemble components in protective ensembles.  
The use of these practices is for qualitative purposes only. In general, results from use of these practices on one type ensemble may not be comparable to other test results on a different ensemble due to the subjective nature of test results.  
These practices are not intended to assess heat stress resulting from wearing a chemical-protective ensemble, although thermal comfort of the suit ensemble may be subjectively evaluated.  
End users and manufacturers of chemical-protective ensembles and ensemble components should consider these practices to be...
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1.1 These practices are intended for evaluating chemical-protective ensembles and ensemble components to determine the suitability of the ensemble or ensemble components in a work environment on the basis of its comfort, fit, function, and durability.
1.1.1 Option A
is a manned exercise scenario intended to test the strength and durability of the ensemble components.
1.1.2 Option B
is a manned work task scenario intended to determine human factor characteristics and the ability of the suited test subject to perform tasks that may be encountered on a routine basis in a typical work environment.  
1.2 These practices apply to most chemical-protective ensembles and ensemble components.
1.3 The values as stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautions are given in Section 7.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is intended to encourage thorough and consistent documentation of airborne particle penetration testing and its results.
Uniform information and performance data increase the likelihood of selecting proper particle protective clothing by direct comparison of one material with another.
A standard format for test information and data also encourages computer storage of test results for easy retrieval, comparison, and correlations.
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1.1 This guide provides a format for documenting information and performance data for a airborne particle penetration test.
1.2 Documented data and information are grouped into five categories that define important aspects of each test:
1.2.1 Description of material tested,
1.2.2 Challenge particles,
1.2.3 Test method,
1.2.4 Test results, and
1.2.5 Source of the data.
1.3 Use of this guide is facilitated by adherence to procedures outlined in a standard test method.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurements are included in this standard.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
General—This practice contains the recommendations for minimal informational requirements for the identification of chemical protective clothing items. It is intended to provide the user with some of the basic information necessary for the proper selection and use of the chemical protective clothing when comparing resistance data derived from ASTM performance testing.
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1.1 This practice covers the informational content of labels in or on chemical protective clothing.
1.2 This practice details the recommended format and minimal content of the information to be included on the labels used for chemical protective clothing.
1.3 Protective clothing is defined as any single item or combination of items used for the purpose of isolating parts of the body from direct contact with a potential hazard. It does not include individual parts of a protective clothing item designed to be worn as part of another item (for example, a faceshield or lens) unless it may be worn independently of the other items and still be used in a protective manner. For example, a glove or boot unless permanently attached would be considered a protective clothing item requiring labeling, while a visor or vent valve would not. In summary, the intent of this practice is to only require labeling of parts of an ensemble that can be used independently for the protection of the user.
1.4 This practice does not cover user information provided by means other than item labeling such as instructions, informational packets, brochures, or other written means.
1.5 This practice excludes those items covered under 16 CFR 303 unless specifically designed for use as chemical protective clothing.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Data analysis for chemical protective clothing permeation testing involves a number of equations and experimental factors. Possible calculation errors are critical issues when determining permeation parameters. Because the calculations of some of the permeation parameters are mathematically complex, this computer program will be useful.
This practice is to help researchers and industrial hygienists avoid labor intensive hand calculations of the permeation parameters. From a standardization point of view, this practice prevents variability or inconsistency caused by different experimenters thus ensuring identical permeation parameters or results will be obtained from a given permeation test data file.
Protective clothing manufacturers worldwide will benefit since they must inform customers about the permeation parameters of their products in a consistent manner. The practice will also help diagnostic laboratories and research centers involved in the chemical protective clothing testing.
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1.1 This practice covers the calculations of all the permeation parameters related to Test Method F739, ISO 6529, and Practice D6978 standards by use of a computer program, referred to as “Permeation Calculator” (DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2007 – 143c). ,  
1.2 The practice is applicable to both open loop and closed loop permeation tests. The closed loop test includes continuous sampling and discrete sampling. The discrete sampling includes tests when sample volume is replaced and also when sample volume is not replaced. For an open loop permeation test, the computer program also allows permeation data files with variable sampling flow rate. Refer to Test Method F739 for more details about the different types of the permeation testing systems.
1.3 This practice is applicable to the most typical permeation behavior, that is, Type A, where the permeation rate stabilizes at a “steady-state” value. It does not apply to the other types of permeation behaviors. Refer to Test Method F739 for more details about the various permeation behaviors.
1.4 This practice is not applicable to Test Method F1383 because the permeation behavior is different under conditions of intermittent contact than under conditions of continuous contact.
1.5 This practice does not address the procedure of permeation testing. Refer to Test Method F739, ISO 6529, or Practice D6978 for the procedures in detail if needed.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
As with other hazardous materials protective ensembles, air-fed protective ensembles include clothing and equipment items needed for dermal and respiratory protection, including protective suits, gloves, footwear, and eye/face protection. Unlike other protective ensembles, air-fed protective ensembles do not use separate respiratory protective devices such as self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or non-powered air-purifying respirators (APR's).
Those types of respirators normally have a tight fitting face piece that provides inhalation hazard protection and dermal exposure protection to the face, eyes, nose, and mouth.
Air-fed protective ensembles are worn without the use of a separate respirator. The entire suit serves as the respiratory protective device and also provides dermal exposure protection. The wearer breathes supplied air or filtered air pumped into the protective suit.
Air-fed protective ensembles are used to protect workers in a number of applications.
These include, but are not limited to: chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing, remediation of hazardous materials sites, use against highly infectious biological agents in BioSafety Level 4 laboratories, and for protection of workers involved in nuclear facilities, where it is possible radioactive particles will be encountered.
The requirements of this specification have been partly based on the NFPA 1991 Standard, which establishes criteria for vapor-protective ensembles used in hazardous materials emergencies. NFPA 1991 establishes requirements for a protective ensemble that encapsulates the wearer and the breathing apparatus.
In this specification, a breathing apparatus is not worn inside the suit, but instead breathing air is connected to the suit either via an external airline or respiratory protective equipment that is externally connected to the suit wall. Extensive criteria for the integrity of the overall ensemble are applied through design and performance criteria. This allo...
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1.1 This specification establishes design, performance, classification, documentation, labeling, and certification requirements for protective ensembles that deliver air to the wearer by means of an air line or powered air purifying respirator (PAPR).
1.2 As a prerequisite to this specification, regulations within Title 42 Federal Code of Regulations, Part 84 are used to establish the conformance of the air-fed protective ensemble to respiratory protection requirements.
1.3 This specification addresses protective ensembles used for environments involving chemical, biological, and radiological particulate hazards.
1.4 This specification sets specific criteria for air-fed protective ensembles used to prevent exposure substances such as but not limited to chemical hazards, infectious microorganisms requiring Biosafety Level 4 protection, and environments where it is possible radiological particulates will be found.
1.5 This specification can be used for classification of the protective ensemble.
1.6 The values stated in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is intended to encourage thorough and consistent documentation of permeation testing and its results.
Uniform information and performance data increase the likelihood of selecting proper chemical protective clothing material (CPC) by permitting direct comparisons of one product with another.
A standard format for test information and data also encourages computer storage of test results for easy retrieval, comparison and correlations.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides a format for documenting information and performance data from a permeation test.
1.2 Documented information and data are grouped into five major categories that define important aspects of each test:
1.2.1 Protective Clothing Material,
1.2.2 Test Method,
1.2.3 Challenge Chemical,
1.2.4 Test Results, and
1.2.5 Source of the Data.
1.3 Use of this guide is facilitated by adherence to the procedures outlined in a standard test method.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These practices establish standard procedures designed for qualitatively evaluating the performance characteristics of chemical-protective suit ensembles in terms of comfort, fit, function, and durability.
These practices are suitable for both end users and manufacturers to evaluate performance characteristics of ensembles and ensemble components.
End users may use these practices to qualitatively determine how well ensembles and ensemble components (gloves, boots, breathing apparatus, communications systems, and cooling devices) meet their particular application.  
Manufacturers of ensembles and ensemble components may use these practices to determine the qualitative performance characteristics in existing or proposed designs.
Procedure A permits a qualitative evaluation of chemical-protective suit integrity (materials, seams, and components) by subjecting the protective ensemble to a manned exercise routine. Option B permits a qualitative evaluation of ensemble and component function. Each procedure can be used to assess ensemble comfort and fit by relating test subject responses and by comparing the dimensions and weights of both the test subject and suit.
Note 1—The accumulation of suit and human subject dimension data may eventually be used by manufacturers or end users in standards to improve the sizing of chemical-protective suits and the integration of ensemble components in protective ensembles.  
The use of these practices is for qualitative purposes only. In general, results from use of these practices on one type ensemble may not be comparable to other test results on a different ensemble due to the subjective nature of test results.  
These practices are not intended to assess heat stress resulting from wearing a chemical-protective ensemble, although thermal comfort of the suit ensemble may be subjectively evaluated.  
End users and manufacturers of chemical-protective ensembles and ensemble components should consider these practices to be...
SCOPE
1.1 These practices are intended for evaluating chemical-protective ensembles and ensemble components to determine the suitability of the ensemble or ensemble components in a work environment on the basis of its comfort, fit, function, and durability.
1.1.1 Option A
is a manned exercise scenario intended to test the strength and durability of the ensemble components.
1.1.2 Option B
is a manned work task scenario intended to determine human factor characteristics and the ability of the suited test subject to perform tasks that may be encountered on a routine basis in a typical work environment.  
1.2 These practices apply to most chemical-protective ensembles and ensemble components.
1.3 The values as stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautions are given in Section 7.