ASTM A340-19b

Standard Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Oct-2019
• ICS: 29.030 - Magnetic materials
• Technical Committee: A06 - Magnetic Properties
• Drafting Committee: A06.92 - Terminology and Definitions

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A340-19a - Standard Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2019
• Referred By: ASTM E1458-12(2022) - Standard Test Method for Calibration Verification of Laser Diffraction Particle Sizing Instruments Using Photomask Reticles
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A848-17 - Standard Specification for Low-Carbon Magnetic Iron
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A889/A889M-14(2020) - Standard Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Materials at Low Magnetic Flux Density Using the Voltmeter-Ammeter-Wattmeter-Varmeter Method and 25-cm Epstein Frame
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A348/A348M-05(2021) - Standard Test Method for Alternating Current Magnetic Properties of Materials Using the Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method, 100 to 10 000 Hz and 25-cm Epstein Frame
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A932/A932M-01(2019) - Standard Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Amorphous Materials at Power Frequencies Using Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method with Sheet Specimens
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A971/A971M-17(2022) - Standard Test Method for Measuring Edge Taper and Crown of Flat-Rolled Electrical Steel Coils
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A345-19 - Standard Specification for Flat-Rolled Electrical Steels for Magnetic Applications
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A904-20 - Standard Specification for 50 Nickel-50 Iron Powder Metallurgy Soft Magnetic Parts
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A1013-00(2020) - Standard Test Method for High-Frequency (10 kHz-1 MHz) Core Loss of Soft Magnetic Core Components at Controlled Temperatures Using the Voltmeter-Ammeter-Wattmeter Method
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A1101-16 - Standard Specification for Sintered and Fully Dense Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB) Permanent Magnets
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A664-15(2022) - Standard Practice for Identification of Standard Electrical Steel Grades in ASTM Specifications
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A1070-16(2022) - Standard Specification for Cast and Sintered Alnico Permanent Magnets
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A683-16 - Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel, Semiprocessed Types
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A927/A927M-18(2022) - Standard Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Toroidal Core Specimens Using the Voltmeter-Ammeter-Wattmeter Method
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A340 −19b
Standard Terminology of
1
Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A340; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
In preparing this terminology standard, an attempt has been made to avoid, where possible, vector
analysisanddifferentialequationssoastomakethedefinitionsmoreintelligibletotheaverageworker
in the field of magnetic testing. In some cases, rigorous treatment has been sacrificed to secure
simplicity and clarity, but it is believed that none of the definitions will prove to be misleading.
It is the intent of this terminology standard to be consistent in the use of symbols and units with
those found in IEC 60050-221:1990 International ElectrotechnicalVocabulary Chapter 221: Magnetic
materials and components. Although Committee A06 has chosen to make SI units normative, the
extensive technical and commercial literature using the older Gaussian units requires that many
definitions contain discussion about and use of both unit systems. This is not an endorsement of the
older unit system and users of this terminology are encouraged to use SI units where possible.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on
Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.92 on
Terminology and Definitions.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2019. Published October 2019. Originally
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as A340 – 19a. DOI:
10.1520/A0340-19B.
Part 1—Symbols Used in Magnetic Testing
Symbol Term E induced secondary voltage
2
E flux volts
f
a cross-sectional area of B coil f cyclic frequency in hertz
A cross-sectional area of specimen ^ magnetomotive force
A' solid area ff form factor
B H magnetic field strength
magnetic flux density
∆H excursion range of magnetic field strength
H
magnetic induction H biasing magnetic field strength
b
H coercive field strength
cB
H intrinsic coercive field strength
∆B excursion range of induction
cJ
B · biased induction H demagnetizing field strength
d
b
H incremental magnetic field strength
B remanent flux density
d ∆
B H energy product H air gap magnetic field strength
g
d d
H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed
(BH) maximum energy product
max L
B incremental induction peak value of magnetizing current)
∆
B intrinsic flux density H maximum magnetic field strength in a hyster-
i m
esis loop
B maximum induction in a hysteresis loop
m
B maximum induction in a flux current loop H maximum magnetic field strength in a flux-
max
max
current loop
B residual flux density
r
B saturation flux density H ac magnetic field strength (from a measured
p
s
peak value of exciting current)
cf crest factor
CM cyclically magnetized condition H instantaneous magnetic field strength (coinci-
t
dent with B )
d lamination thickness
max
df distortion factor H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed
z
peak value of exciting current)
D magnetic dissipation factor
m
I ac exciting current (rms value)
E exciting voltage
I ac core loss current (rms value)
E induced primary voltage
c
1
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A340−19b
I constant current S lamination factor (stacking factor)
dc
I ac magnetizing current (rms value) SCM symmetrically cyclically magnetized condition
m
J magnetic polarization T Curie temperature
c
J residual magnetic polarization w lamination width
r
J saturation magnetic polarization W hysteresis energy loss
s h
k' coupling coefficient linear expansion, coefficient (average)
α¯
! flux path length
∆χ incremental tolerance
! effective flux path length
β hysteretic angle
1
! gap length
g γ loss angle
+ (also φ N ) flux linkage
cos γ magnetic power factor
+ mutual flux linkage
m γ proton gyromagnetic ratio
p
L self inductance
µ magnetic constant
0
L core inductance
δ density
1
L incremental inductance
∆ κ susceptibility
L intrinsic inductance
ac Permeabilities:
i
L mutual inductance
m µ ideal permeability
a
L initial inductance
µ inductance permeability
0
L
L series inductance
s µ L incremental inductance permeability
∆
L winding inductance
µ initial dynamic permeability
w
0d
m magnetic moment
µ peak permeability
p
M magnetization
µ incremental peak permeability
∆p
M residual magnetization
µ instantaneous permeability
r
i
M saturation magnetization
s µ impedance permeability
z
m total mass of a specimen
µ incremental impedance permeability
∆z
m active mass of a specimen
1 dc Permeabilities:
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A340 − 19a A340 − 19b
Standard Terminology of
1
Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A340; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
In preparing this terminology standard, an attempt has been made to avoid, where possible, vector
analysis and differential equations so as to make the definitions more intelligible to the average worker
in the field of magnetic testing. In some cases, rigorous treatment has been sacrificed to secure
simplicity and clarity, but it is believed that none of the definitions will prove to be misleading.
It is the intent of this terminology standard to be consistent in the use of symbols and units with
those found in IEC 60050-221:1990 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Chapter 221: Magnetic
materials and components. Although Committee A06 has chosen to make SI units normative, the
extensive technical and commercial literature using the older Gaussian units requires that many
definitions contain discussion about and use of both unit systems. This is not an endorsement of the
older unit system and users of this terminology are encouraged to use SI units where possible.
Part 1—Symbols Used in Magnetic Testing
Symbol Term
a cross-sectional area of B coil
A cross-sectional area of specimen
A' solid area
B
magnetic flux density
H
magnetic induction
ΔB excursion range of induction
B · biased induction
b
B remanent flux density
d
B H energy product
d d
(BH) maximum energy product
max
B incremental induction
Δ
B intrinsic flux density
i
B maximum induction in a hysteresis loop
m
B maximum induction in a flux current loop
max
B residual flux density
r
B saturation flux density
s
cf crest factor
CM cyclically magnetized condition
d lamination thickness
D demagnetizing coefficient
B
df distortion factor
D magnetic dissipation factor
m
E exciting voltage
E induced primary voltage
1
E induced secondary voltage
2
E flux volts
f
f cyclic frequency in hertz
^ magnetomotive force
ff form factor
H magnetic field strength
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.92 on Terminology
and Definitions.
Current edition approved June 15, 2019Oct. 15, 2019. Published June 2019October 2019. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as
A340 – 19.A340 – 19a. DOI: 10.1520/A0340-19A.10.1520/A0340-19B.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A340 − 19b
ΔH excursion range of magnetic field strength
H biasing magnetic field strength
b
H coercive field strength
cB
H intrinsic coercive field strength
cJ
H demagnetizing field strength
d
H incremental magnetic field strength
Δ
H air gap magnetic field strength
g
H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed
L
peak value of magnetizing current)
H maximum magnetic field strength in a hyster-
m
esis loop
H maximum magnetic field strength in a flux-
max
current loop
H ac magnetic field strength (from a measured
p
peak value of exciting current)
H instantaneous magnetic field strength (coinci-
t
dent with B )
max
H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed
z
peak value of exciting current)
I ac exciting current (rms value)
I ac core loss current (rms value)
c
I constant current
dc
I ac magnetizing current (rms value)
m
J magnetic polarization
J residual magnetic polarization
r
J saturation magnetic polarization
s
k' coupling coefficient
! flux path length
! effective flux path length
1
! gap length
g
+ (also φ N ) flux linkage
+ mutual flux linkage
m
L self inductance
L core inductance
1
L incremental inductance
Δ
L intrinsic inductance
i
L mutual inductance
m
L initial inductance
0
L series inductance
s
L winding inductance
w
m magnetic moment
M magnetization
M residual magnetization
r
M saturation magnetization
s
m total mass of a specimen
m active mass of a specimen
1
N demagnetizing factor
N turns in a primary winding
1
N turns in a secondary winding
2
N I/! ac excitation
1 1
p magnetic pole strength
3 permeance
P active (real) power
P apparent power
a
P specific apparent power
a (B;f)
P total core loss
c
P core loss
c
P specific core loss
c (B;f)
P increme
...