ASTM D3591-17

Standard Test Method for Determining Logarithmic Viscosity Number of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) in Formulated Compounds

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The logarithmic viscosity number provides information on the effect of compounding or processing of PVC.  
5.2 Exposure of PVC compositions to shear or to high temperatures can result in a change in the logarithmic viscosity number of the resin.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the logarithmic viscosity number of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) homopolymers after compounding or processing.  
1.2 It is the basic assumption of this technique that the formulation of the compounded resin is known and that any additives present can be separated from the resin by extraction with diethyl ether. This is necessary to permit adjustment of the amount of sample used in the test to give a resin concentration in cyclohexanone of 0.2 ± 0.002 g/100 mL.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 7.3 and 8.4.1.  
Note 1: This test method and ISO 1628-2 are not equivalent.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2017
• ICS: 83.080.20 - Thermoplastic materials
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.70 - Analytical Methods

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3591 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Determining Logarithmic Viscosity Number of Poly(Vinyl
1
Chloride) (PVC) in Formulated Compounds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3591; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D2124 Test Method forAnalysis of Components in Poly(Vi-
nyl Chloride) Compounds Using an Infrared Spectropho-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the loga-
tometric Technique
rithmic viscosity number of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) ho-
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
mopolymers after compounding or processing.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.2 It is the basic assumption of this technique that the
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
formulation of the compounded resin is known and that any
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
additives present can be separated from the resin by extraction
E2935 Practice for Conducting Equivalence Testing in
withdiethylether.Thisisnecessarytopermitadjustmentofthe
Laboratory Applications
amount of sample used in the test to give a resin concentration
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for the Use of International
in cyclohexanone of 0.2 6 0.002 g/100 mL.
System of Units (SI)
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2.2 ISO Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1628-2 Plastics—Determination of Viscosity Number and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Limiting Viscosity Number—Part 2: Poly (Vinyl Chlo-
3
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
ride) Resins
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Specific precautionary statements are given in 7.3 and 8.4.1.
3. Terminology
NOTE 1—This test method and ISO 1628-2 are not equivalent. 3.1 Units and symbols used in this test method are those
recommended in IEEE/ASTM SI-10.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.1 The term logarithmic viscosity number is defined by
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
the equation is 9.1.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The sample is pressed into a thin film and extracted to
2. Referenced Documents
remove the plasticizer.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 The plasticizer-free film is dissolved in cyclohexanone
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
and centrifuged to remove insoluble matter.
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
ity)
4.3 Theviscosityofthecyclohexanonesolutionismeasured
D446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass
in accordance with Test Method D1243.
Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
D1243 Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Vinyl
5. Significance and Use
Chloride Polymers
5.1 The logarithmic viscosity number provides information
on the effect of compounding or processing of PVC.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
5.2 Exposure of PVC compositions to shear or to high
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical Methods.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published January 2018. Originally temperatures can result in a change in the logarithmic viscosity
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D3591 – 97(2011).
number of the resin.
DOI: 10.1520/D3591-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3591 − 17
6. Apparatus 8.7 Calculate the percentage plasticizer as follows:
6.1 Centrifuge, capable of 2500 rpm with 100-mL sample Plasticizer,% 5 ~A 3100!/B (1)
container.
where:
6.2 Heated Hydraulic Press, capable of 620-kN ram force
A = weight of extracted plasticizer (7.6), and
and a temperature of 165°C.
B = sample weight (7.2).
6.3 Soxhlet Extraction Apparatus
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3591 − 97 (Reapproved 2011) D3591 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Determining Logarithmic Viscosity Number of Poly(Vinyl
1
Chloride) (PVC) in Formulated Compounds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3591; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the logarithmic viscosity number of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) homopolymers
after compounding or processing.
1.2 It is the basic assumption of this technique that the formulation of the compounded resin is known and that any additives
present can be separated from the resin by extraction with diethyl ether. This is necessary to permit adjustment of the amount of
sample used in the test to give a resin concentration in cyclohexanone of 0.2 6 0.002 g/100 mL.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 7.3 and 8.4.1.
NOTE 1—This test method and ISO 1628-2 are not equivalent.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
D1243 Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Vinyl Chloride Polymers
D2124 Test Method for Analysis of Components in Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Compounds Using an Infrared Spectrophotometric
Technique
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
E2935 Practice for Conducting Equivalence Testing in Laboratory Applications
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for the Use of International System of Units (SI)
2.2 ISO Standard:
3
1628-2 Plastics—Determination of Viscosity Number and Limiting Viscosity Number—Part 2: Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Resins
3. Terminology
3.1 Units and symbols used in this test method are those recommended in IEEE/ASTM SI-10.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 The term logarithmic viscosity number is defined by the equation is 9.1.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical Methods.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2011Dec. 1, 2017. Published March 2011January 2018. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 20032011 as
D3591 – 97(2003).(2011). DOI: 10.1520/D3591-97R11.10.1520/D3591-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3591 − 17
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The sample is pressed into a thin film and extracted to remove the plasticizer.
4.2 The plasticizer-free film is dissolved in cyclohexanone and centrifuged to remove insoluble matter.
4.3 The viscosity of the cyclohexanone solution is measured in accordance with Test Method D1243.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The logarithmic viscosity number provides information on the effect of compounding or processing of PVC.
5.2 Exposure of PVC compositions to shear or to high temperatures c
...