ASTM A456/A456M-08(2013)

Standard Specification for Magnetic Particle Examination of Large Crankshaft<brk/> Forgings

ABSTRACT
This test method deals with the acceptance criteria for the magnetic particle examination of forged steel crankshafts and forgings having large main bearing journal or crankpin diameters. Covered here are three classes of forgings, which shall be evaluated under two areas of inspection, namely: major critical areas, and minor critical areas. During inspection, magnetic particle indications shall be classified as: surface indications, which include nonmetallic inclusions or stringers, open or twist cracks, flakes, or pipes; open or pinpoint indications; and non-open indications. Procedures for dimpling, depressing, inspection, and product marking are also mentioned.
SCOPE
1.1 This is an acceptance specification for the magnetic particle inspection of forged steel crankshafts having main bearing journals or crankpins 4 in. [200 mm] or larger in diameter.  
1.2 There are three classes, with acceptance standards of increasing severity:  
1.2.1 Class 1.  
1.2.2 Class 2 (originally the sole acceptance standard of this specification).  
1.2.3 Class 3 (formerly covered in Supplementary Requirement S1 of Specification A456 – 64 (1970)).  
1.3 This specification is not intended to cover continuous grain flow crankshafts (see Specification A983/A983M); however, Specification A986/A986M may be used for this purpose.Note 1—Specification A668/A668M is a product specification which may be used for slab-forged crankshaft forgings that are usually twisted in order to set the crankpin angles, or for barrel forged crankshafts where the crankpins are machined in the appropriate configuration from a cylindrical forging.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch units.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2013
• ICS: 77.140.85 - Iron and steel forgings
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.06 - Steel Forgings and Billets

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A456/A456M-08 - Standard Specification for Magnetic Particle Examination of Large Crankshaft Forgings
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2013

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A456/A456M −08 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Specification for
Magnetic Particle Examination of Large Crankshaft
1
Forgings
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA456/A456M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This is an acceptance specification for the magnetic 2.1 ASTM Standards:
particle inspection of forged steel crankshafts having main A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of
bearing journals or crankpins 4 in. [200 mm] or larger in Steel Forgings
diameter. A668/A668M Specification for Steel Forgings, Carbon and
Alloy, for General Industrial Use
1.2 There are three classes, with acceptance standards of
A966/A966M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of
increasing severity:
Steel Forgings Using Alternating Current
1.2.1 Class 1.
A983/A983M Specification for Continuous Grain Flow
1.2.2 Class 2 (originally the sole acceptance standard of this
Forged Carbon and Alloy Steel Crankshafts for Medium
specification).
Speed Diesel Engines
1.2.3 Class 3 (formerly covered in Supplementary Require-
A986/A986M Specification for Magnetic Particle Examina-
ment S1 of Specification A456 – 64 (1970)).
tion of Continuous Grain Flow Crankshaft Forgings
1.3 This specification is not intended to cover continuous
E1417/E1417M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing
grain flow crankshafts (see Specification A983/A983M);
however, Specification A986/A986M may be used for this 3. Classification of Indications
purpose.
3.1 Magnetic particle indications on the surface of the
crankshaft shall be classified as follows:
NOTE 1—Specification A668/A668M is a product specification which
may be used for slab-forged crankshaft forgings that are usually twisted in
3.1.1 Open cracks, flake, or pipe.
order to set the crankpin angles, or for barrel forged crankshafts where the
3.1.2 Nonmetallic inclusions or stringers occurring in a
crankpins are machined in the appropriate configuration from a cylindrical
longitudinal direction.
forging.
3.1.3 Twist cracks or nonmetallic inclusions usually occur-
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
ring at 45 to 70° from the axis of the journal.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.2 They shall also be classified as follows:
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.2.1 Open indications are visible after removal of the
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
magnetic particles or can be detected by the use of contrast dye
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
penetrant, as described in Type II of Practice E1417/E1417M.
with the standard.
1
3.2.1.1 Pinpointindicationsareopenindications ⁄16 in.[1.5
1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-
mm] in maximum dimension, as detected by application of
tion designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch
Type II of Practice E1417/E1417M.
units.
3.2.2 Non-open indications are indications which are not
visually detectable as described in 3.2.1.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2013. Published April 2013. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as A456/A456M – 08. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/A0456_A0456M-08R13. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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A456/A456M−08 (2013)
4. Ordering Information 6.1.3 The critical area of any crankpin or main journal also
1
includes that surface area closer than ⁄4 in. [6 mm] to the
4.1 The inquiry and purchase agreement shall contain a
junction of the radius blend and the journal surface of any oil
statement that the crankshaft(s) is (are) to be subject to
hole.
acceptance according to this specification. If reference to class
is omitted, Class 2 shall apply. 6.2 Minor Critical Areas—Minor critical areas include all
machined fillets, thrust bearing, and bearing surfaces not
4.2 The use of Supplementary Requirements S1 and S2
specified as major critical areas.
should be specified if required.
7. Acceptance Standards
5. Procedure
7.1 Class 1:
...