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ASTM E2082-06

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Descriptive Analysis of Shampoo Performance

Standard Guide for Descriptive Analysis of Shampoo Performance

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The methods outlined in this guide can be used to qualitatively and quantitatively describe the performance and sensory characteristics of shampoos.
The methods described in this guide may be used for product formulation and research guidance as well as for quality control.
These methods may be used by individuals who familiarize themselves with these procedures and who have previous experience with sensory evaluation.
Variables that may affect results include, but are not limited to, water conditions (for example, hardness), hair type, and hair condition. These variables should be controlled or accounted for in the experimental design.
These are suggested procedures and are not intended to exclude alternate methods, which may effectively provide the same or similar results.
SCOPE
1.1 The objective of this guide is to provide procedures which may be used in the design, execution, and analysis of studies to quantitatively assess the objective sensory attributes of shampoos. This is one of many appropriate techniques used in the hair-care industry. These attributes can then be used to define performance of shampoos and to provide direction in product formulation, research guidance testing, and claim substantiation. This guide includes the sensory properties involved in dispensing a product, as well as the attributes pertinent to shampooing tresses, half and whole heads. Although this guide is specific to shampoos, the procedures should be applicable to most hair-care products.
1.2 Guidelines are provided for the definition of terminology, procedures for manipulation of products, identification/selection of hair type, and assessor training. References for rating scales are not provided in this guide. The user should be aware that some sensory practices may require the use of attribute references (anchors) when training the assessors.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2006
ICS
71.100.70 - Cosmetics. Toiletries
Technical Committee
E18 - Sensory Evaluation
Drafting Committee
E18.07 - Personal Care and Household Evaluation
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E2082-00 - Standard Guide for Descriptive Analysis of Shampoo Performance
Effective Date
01-Apr-2006
Referred By
ASTM E3288-22 - Standard Guide for Screening and Training of Assessors and a General Approach for the Sensory Evaluation of Oral Care Products: Toothpaste and Toothbrushes
Effective Date
01-Apr-2006
Referred By
ASTM E2049-20 - Standard Guide for Quantitative Attribute Evaluation of Fragrance/Odors for Hair-care Products by Trained Assessors
Effective Date
01-Apr-2006

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ASTM E2082-06 - Standard Guide for Descriptive Analysis of Shampoo PerformanceASTM E2082-06 - Standard Guide for Descriptive Analysis of Shampoo Performance
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ASTM E2082-06 - Standard Guide for Descriptive Analysis of Shampoo Performance
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2082 − 06
StandardGuide for
1
Descriptive Analysis of Shampoo Performance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2082; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ASTM STP758 Guidelines for the Selection andTraining of
Sensory Panel Members
1.1 The objective of this guide is to provide procedures
4
2.3 Code of Federal Regulations:
which may be used in the design, execution, and analysis of
21 CFR 50.25 Protection of Human Subjects—Elements of
studies to quantitatively assess the objective sensory attributes
Informed Consent
of shampoos. This is one of many appropriate techniques used
in the hair-care industry. These attributes can then be used to
3. Terminology
define performance of shampoos and to provide direction in
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms other than those given
product formulation, research guidance testing, and claim
as follows appear in Terminology E253.
substantiation. This guide includes the sensory properties
involved in dispensing a product, as well as the attributes
3.2 Definitions:
pertinent to shampooing tresses, half and whole heads. Al-
3.2.1 cosmetologist—a licensed, trained professional who
though this guide is specific to shampoos, the procedures
has been certified by state or government agencies to apply
should be applicable to most hair-care products.
hair-care products to human heads. These individuals may be
alternately described as beauticians, stylists, hairdressers, or
1.2 Guidelines are provided for the definition of
cosmetologists.
terminology, procedures for manipulation of products,
identification/selection of hair type, and assessor training. 3.2.2 subjects—those individuals recruited to participate in
References for rating scales are not provided in this guide. The a study for the quality or condition of their hair, to serve as
user should be aware that some sensory practices may require sample carriers.
the use of attribute references (anchors) when training the
3.2.3 trained panel—a group of assessors who have been
assessors.
formally trained to evaluate the visual and tactile properties of
shampoo or hair, using a standard descriptive analysis method
2. Referenced Documents
which quantifies attributes on a rating scale over a set time
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
period. The number may vary depending on the complexity of
E253 Terminology Relating to Sensory Evaluation of Mate-
the test and the skill of the assessor.
rials and Products
3
4. Equipment
2.2 ASTM Publications:
ASTM Manual 13 Descriptive Analysis Testing for Sensory
4.1 The following equipment may be used during the
Evaluation
evaluation process:
ASTMManual26 SensoryTestingMethods:SecondEdition
4.1.1 General:
ASTM Manual 30 Relating Consumer, Descriptive, and
4.1.1.1 Light Source—A consistent light source is recom-
Laboratory Data to Better Understand Consumer Re- mended for use during evaluation of shine or luster. It is
sponses
important to control the amount of light as well as the angle
and distance from the hair.
4.1.1.2 Water Source—Temperature and hardness should be
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E18 on Sensory
consistent. If controlled temperature sinks are used, they
Evaluation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E18.07 on Personal
should all have the same, consistent flow rate.
Care and Household Evaluation.
Current edition approved April 1, 2006. Published April 2006. Originally 4.1.1.3 Blow Dryer—Specifications should be documented
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as E2082 – 00. DOI:
(that is, wattage, voltage, power level, air velocity, and
10.1520/E2082-06.
temperature).
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.1.1.4 Syringes/Pipettes, Petri Dishes.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
Available from ASTM International Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2082 − 06
4.1.1.5 Towels (cloth or paper, or both).
Comparative Overview of Shampoo Testing Using Trained Evaluators
Tresses versus Subjects
4.1.1.6 Combs—It is recommended that all combs be iden-
Tress Subject: Half or Whole
...

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5.1 The procedures recommended in this practice can be used to clinically assess axillary deodorant efficacy of personal care products.  
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SCOPE
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides procedures which may be used in the design and analysis of studies to quantitatively assess the intensity of human axillary odor for the purpose of substantiating deodorant efficacy of personal care products.  
1.2 This guide includes protocols for the selection and training of assessors, selection of subjects, experimental design, and statistical analyses. This practice is limited to assessment of axillary odor by trained assessors. Self-evaluation protocols are valid for selected sensory tasks but may be less sensitive.  
1.3 With respect to the source of axillary odor, three groups of secretory glands are present in the axillae which participate to a greater or lesser extent in its production—eccrine, apocrine, and sebaceous. Axillary odor has been primarily ascribed to the apocrine gland secretion (1) .2 Body odor intensity has been correlated with the volume of the secretory portion of the apocrine gland (2) and the density of the glands.  
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1.3.2 Eccrine glands keep the axillae moist through thermally and emotionally induced secretions (6).  
1.3.3 The sebaceous glands excrete higher molecular weight lipid materials which absorb and retain the volatile materials resulting from bacterial action (7) . The aerobic diphtheroids are able to produce the typical acrid axillary odor and the micrococcaceae produce an isovaleric acid-like odor when incubated with apocrine sweat (8). Therefore, the most undesirable component of axillary odor is caused by degradation of apocrine sweat by particular bacteria normally found in the axillary vault.  
1.4 Personal care products are sold and used primarily for their ability to reduce the perception of body odor not only by the individual using the product but also by individuals within the scope of contact. Deodorant protection may be achieved by these products through various modes of action. Antiperspirants achieve their primary efficacy by means of the action of inorganic salts on the eccrine gland production of sweat. Antimicrobial agents achieve deodorancy by inhibiting the growth and activity of the microflora in the axillary vault thus reducing the microbial decomposition of sweat and the consequent production of body odor. Absorbents function either by “binding” available moisture or malodorous substances. Fragrances are effective by altering the perception of malodor and increasing the degree of “pleasantness.” Other modes of control become important from time...

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ASTM
ASTM E1593-21(Guide)
Standard Guide for Assessing the Efficacy of Consumer Products in Reducing the Perception of Malodor

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this guide is to assess the ability of consumer products to reduce malodor intensity from a control state. Several experimental hypotheses are possible, depending on the objective of the test. Possible objectives with respective hypotheses are given in Appendix X1.  
5.2 Many consumer products are sold commercially with the intent of providing a means of improving the odor quality of a volume of air, or the odor quality of a substrate such as fabric or household surfaces, relative to some existing environmental condition. In the case of air care products, this typically involves the application of an odorous substance into the air space by means of some active or passive mechanism (for example, by spraying, or by evaporation). This procedure is also applicable to other mechanisms of odor reduction (for example, air filtration, chemical reactions, etc.).  
5.3 Selection of representative malodor sources is of critical importance. The malodor source must be readily available and of a consistent odor quality. A reasonable malodor source should be chemically and aesthetically correct. The experimenter and client must agree upon the appropriateness of a malodor source before further details of the test design are worked out. Experimental variation will be reduced by using uniform malodor sources. Information collected on malodor reduction will thus be more comparable from experiment to experiment and from laboratory to laboratory.  
5.4 The procedure recommended can be used for assessment of the malodor reduction and elimination efficacy of consumer products including: air fresheners, air filtration products, aerosol/spray and continuous/solid air freshener products, candles, fabric care products including detergents and fabric enhancing/conditioning products, surface care products including carpet care products, surface cleaning products such as sprays etc., pet care products, and other products intended to deliver a malodor reduction benefit. It s...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers standard procedures for the quantitative sensory assessment of perceived olfactory intensity of malodors for the purpose of assessing the malodor reduction efficacy of consumer products including, but not limited to, air care, fabric care, home care, pet care, and similar products.  
1.2 This guide is not intended to cover axillary deodorancy; refer instead to Guide E1207.  
1.3 Malodors may be from natural or synthetic sources.  
1.4 This guide is a compendium of information or series of options that does not recommend a specific course of action. The user of this guide is responsible for identifying the most appropriate test design and using the appropriate statistical tools to address the experimental design.  
1.5 This guide is designed to provide guidance in product formulation and new product development, and for quality control issues.  
1.6 The scope of this guide does not include all guidance necessary to support claims. For further guidance the researcher may refer to Guide E1958. The usage of methods described in this guide can be used as part of a comprehensive claims support strategy for technical types of claims (such as claims that the product will create a sensory change when used on malodor). However, this guide does not address other important elements of the claim support strategy, including determining the statistical confidence requirements, or determination of the consumer relevance of the data obtained, as discussed in 1.7.  
1.7 The testing of products designed to reduce malodors via sensory testing as outlined in the present Guide can yield technical support for products’ efficacy claims. The methods described in this guide—assesors with identified sensory acuity and trained, malodors that may be lab-created or synthetic, and controlled exposure to malodors in a controlled indoor environment—can deliver results with high internal validity. Internal validity refers to s...

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  • Guide
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off