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ASTM D6568-00(2006)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Planning, Carrying Out, and Reporting Traceable Chemical Analyses of Water Samples

Standard Guide for Planning, Carrying Out, and Reporting Traceable Chemical Analyses of Water Samples

SCOPE
1.1 This guide sets a protocol for generating and reporting chemical analyses that are traceable to SI Units or to Certified Reference Materials in laboratories that serve the water and environmental industry.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Feb-2006
ICS
13.060.45 - Examination of water in general
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.02 - Quality Systems, Specification, and Statistics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6568-00 - Standard Guide for Planning, Carrying Out, and Reporting Traceable Chemical Analyses of Water Samples
Effective Date
15-Feb-2006
Replaced By
ASTM D6568-00(2011) - Standard Guide for Planning, Carrying Out, and Reporting Traceable Chemical Analyses of Water Samples
Effective Date
01-May-2011

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ASTM D6568-00(2006) - Standard Guide for Planning, Carrying Out, and Reporting Traceable Chemical Analyses of Water SamplesASTM D6568-00(2006) - Standard Guide for Planning, Carrying Out, and Reporting Traceable Chemical Analyses of Water Samples
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ASTM D6568-00(2006) - Standard Guide for Planning, Carrying Out, and Reporting Traceable Chemical Analyses of Water Samples
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D6568–00 (Reapproved 2006)
Standard Guide for
Planning, Carrying Out, and Reporting Traceable Chemical
Analyses of Water Samples
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6568; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope property values are expressed, and for which each certified
value is accompanied by an uncertainty at a stated level of
1.1 This guide sets a protocol for generating and reporting
confidence. (ISO Guide 30:1992) (Note 1).
chemical analyses that are traceable to SI Units or to Certified
Reference Materials in laboratories that serve the water and
NOTE 1—There is significant variation in the overall quality of com-
environmental industry. mercially available Certified Reference Materials and caution should be
used when choosing Certified Reference Materials. Use ASTM D6362 to
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
provide guidance as to what information needs to be included on
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Certificate of a Certified Reference Material.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2 traceability—property of the result of a measurement
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. or the value of a standard whereby it can be related, with a
stated uncertainty, to stated references, usually national or
2. Referenced Documents
international standards, through an unbroken chain of compari-
2.1 ASTM Standards: sons. (ISO Guide 30:1992).
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water 3.1.3 uncertainty (of measurement)—parameter, associated
D6362 Practice for Certificates of Reference Materials for with the result of a measurement that characterizes the disper-
Water Analysis sion of values that could reasonably be attributed to the
IEEE/ASTM SI 10–1997 Standard for use of the Interna- measured. (International Vocabulary of Basic and General
tional System of Units (SI): the modern metric system Terms in Metrology [VIM] (ISO: 2nd ed., 1993).
2.2 Other Documents: 3.1.4 work plan—a documented procedure intended for use
ISO Guide 17025: General Requirements for the Compe- by a laboratory to meet the measurement traceability require-
tence of Calibration and Testing Laboratories ments of a defined need.
ISO Guide 30: Terms and definitions used in connection 3.1.5 SI units—this is the International System of Units (SI)
with reference materials which is the modernized Metric System as described in
International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in IEEE/ASTM SI 10–1997. A SI Quick Reference Guide is
Metrology [VIM]: ISO: 2nd ed., 1993 includedattheback(inthe“graypages”)ofvolumes11.01and
11.02.
3. Terminology
4. Significance and Use
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this Guide,
refer to D1129, Terminology Relating to Water. 4.1 This Guide establishes basic requirements which should
3.1.1 certified reference material—reference material, ac- be met by water and environmental laboratories that generate
companied by a certificate, one or more of whose property and report test chemical analyses which the laboratory client
values are certified by a procedure which established its desires to be traceable to SI Units (Note 2) or Certified
traceability to an accurate realization of the unit in which the Reference Materials traceable to SI Units. Traceability of
chemical analyses is important because it provides a uniform
basis for the comparison of results from different measurement
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is
systems and because it relates those results to our current
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.02 on General Specifications,
knowledge of physical laws. (Note 3)
Technical Resources, and Statistical Methods.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2006. Published February 2006. Originally
NOTE 2—A Certified Reference Material traceable to SI Units is a
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D6568 – 00. DOI:
Certified Reference Material whose value can be related with a stated
10.1520/D6568-00R06.
Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd St., 4th
Floor, New York, New York, 10036
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6568–00 (2006)
uncertainty through an unbroken change of comparisons to stated refer-
6. Procedure
ences (usually national or international standards) in SI Units, such as a
6.1 The client shall prepare a request for traceable measure-
primary measurement made in SI Units or a national standard certified in
ments and submit it to an ISO Guide 17025 compliant
SI Units.
laboratory for review and acceptance, as follows.
NOTE 3—Not all chemical analysis results can be traceable to SI Units
6.1.1 The request shall identify the source (i.e. the specific
or to Certified Reference Material’s traceable to SI Units, such as
sampling site, the process generating the sample, etc.), sam-
Turbidity and or Total Suspended Solids.
pling history, configuration, and approximate composition of
4.2 Many waters-related laboratories comply with ISO
the test materials, the traceable measurements to be made with
Guide 17025 and participate in Proficiency Testing Programs.
their required maximum uncertainties. It shall also identify
Laboratories that are connected to the same accreditation
special requirements, such as, the need to certify that the
bodies and ProficiencyTest providers can be expected to report
materialtestedcomplieswithaspecificproductspecificationor
statistically similar results on the same sample. However, some
that traceability must be made to a specific standard or
test methods and some Certified Reference Materials are not
Certified Reference Material. The request shall also specify if
supported with data traceable to SI Units. Therefore, fully
any nontraceable chemical analyses are to be included as part
compliant laboratories that are not connected to the same
of the project.
providers may report statistically different chemical analysis
6.1.2 The client shall select an ISO Guide 17025 compliant
results if they used the same nontraceable test method on the laboratoryandsubmittheirrequesttothelaboratoryforreview.
same sample. This problem could be minimized if they used
6.1.3 The laboratory shall review the request, work with the
test methods, measurement devices, and Certified Reference client to clarify their understanding of the need, and inform the
Materials that are traceable to SI Units, where available. client of its willingness and capability to proceed.
6.2 The laboratory shall prepare a work plan (Note 5)to
4.3 Although some standard test methods and Certified
meet the requirements and obtain concurrence with the client,
Reference Materials provide evidence of traceability to SI
as follows.
Units, many others do not. Therefore, not all laboratories can
be expected to universally meet all requests for traceable
NOTE 5—A Work Plan can be in the form of a laboratory SOP that
analyses until the traceability of mo
...

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ASTM D5241-92(2024)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Micro-Extraction of Water for Analysis of Volatile and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds in Water

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4.1 This practice provides a general procedure for the solvent extraction of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds from a water matrix. Solvent extraction is used as the initial step in the solvent extraction of organic constituents for the purpose of quantifying extractable organic compounds.  
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4.3 Micro-extraction has the advantage of speed, simple extraction devices, and the use of small amounts of sample and solvents.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers standard procedures for extraction of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds from water using small volumes of solvents.  
1.2 The compounds of interest must have a greater solubility in the organic solvent than the water phase.  
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ASTM D7315-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Turbidity Above 1 Turbidity Unit (TU) in Static Mode

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Turbidity at the levels defined in the scope of this test method are often monitored to help control processes, monitor the health and biology of water environments and determine the impact of changes in response to environmental events (weather events, floods, etc.). Turbidity is often undesirable in drinking water, plant effluent waters, water for food and beverage processing, and for a large number of other water-dependent manufacturing processes. Removal is often accomplished by coagulation, sedimentation, and various levels of filtration. Measurement of turbidity provides an indicator of contamination, and is a vital measurement for monitoring the characteristics and or quality within the sample’s source or process.  
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5.4 The appropriate measurement range for a specific technology or instrument type that should be utilized is at or below 80 % of full-scale capability for the respective instrument or technology. Measurements above this level may not be dependable.  
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1.1 This test method covers the static determination of turbidity in water. Static refers to a sample that is removed from its source and tested in an isolated instrument. (See Section 4.)  
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ASTM D5847-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In order to be certain that the end user of analytical results obtained from using an ASTM Committee D19 test method can be confident that the values have been obtained through a competent application of the test method, a demonstration of the proficiency of the analytical system shall be performed. Appropriate proficiency is demonstrated by achievement of performance criteria derived from results of the test method collaborative study. The QC measures specified in this practice shall be included in each ASTM test method, as applicable, to ensure the quality of measurements.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides specific, mandatory requirements for incorporating quality control (QC) procedures into all test methods under the jurisdiction of Committee D19.  
1.2 ASTM International has adopted the following:
Policy on implementation of requirements for a quality control section in standard test methods generated by Committee D19 on Water.  
GENERAL—By July 29, 1998, or at the next reapproval or revision, whichever is later, every D19 Standard Test Method shall contain a QC section that is in full compliance with the requirements of this practice.  
NEW COLLABORATIVE TESTING—As of July 29, 1998, each collaborative study design shall include a QC section as part of the method to be tested. Prior to approval of the study design, the Results Advisor or equivalent shall ascertain the appropriateness of the QC section in meeting the requirements of this practice and Practice D2777, and shall advise the designer of the study of any changes needed to fulfill the requirements of these practices. Before a collaborative study may be conducted, approval of the study design by the Results Advisor or equivalent shall be obtained.  
OLDER VALIDATED METHODS—Standard test methods that were validated using Practices D2777 – 77, D2777 – 86, or D2777 – 94, when balloted for reapproval or revision, shall contain a QC section based upon the best information from the historical record. Where appropriate, information derived from the record of the collaborative study shall be utilized for this purpose. The introduction of the QC section into these standard test methods shall not be construed as a requirement for a new collaborative study, though the Subcommittee may opt for such a study. Any information available regarding QC or precision/bias testing shall be included in the appropriate sections of the published test method.  
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1.1 This practice describes standard procedures for preparation of test samples (including the removal of occluded water and moisture) of field samples collected from locations such as streams, rivers, ponds, lakes, and oceans.  
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ASTM D6301-21(Practice)
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5.1 The transport of any suspended solids or corrosion products from the preboiler cycle has been shown to be detrimental to all types of steam generating equipment. Corrosion product transport as low as 10 ppb can have significant impact on steam generators performance.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice is applicable for sampling condensed steam or water, such as boiler feedwater, for the collection of suspended solids and (optional) ionic solids using a 0.45-μm membrane filter (suspended solids) and ion exchange media (ionic solids). As the major suspended component found in most boiler feedwaters is some form of corrosion product from the preboiler system, the device used for this practice is commonly called a corrosion product sampler.  
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5.1 This test provides an easy and reliable method for the detection of L. pneumophila in potable and non-potable waters in 7 days.  
5.2 Routine monitoring for L. pneumophila determines whether implemented control measures are effective, such as those outlined in a water safety program (2).  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a simple procedure for the detection of Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila) in potable water and non-potable waters (cooling towers, for example). This procedure describes a liquid culture method based on a bacterial enzyme technology. The detection of L. pneumophila is signaled through the utilization of a substrate present in the Legiolert reagent. L. pneumophila cells grow rapidly and reproduce using the rich supply of amino acids, vitamins and other nutrients present in the Legiolert reagent. Actively growing strains of L. pneumophila use the added substrate to produce a brown color indicator or produce turbid growth with or without brown coloration. Legiolert can detect this bacterial species at the following minimum concentrations based on the protocol employed:  
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1.1.1.1 ≥1 organism / 100 mL at 7 days for 100 mL potable protocol.
1.1.1.2 ≥1 organism / 10 mL at 7 days for 10 mL potable protocol.  
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1.1.2.1 ≥1 organism / 1.0 mL at 7 days for 1.0 mL non-potable protocol.
1.1.2.2 ≥1 organism / 0.1 mL at 7 days for 0.1 mL non-potable protocol.  
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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ASTM D7366-08(2019)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Estimation of Measurement Uncertainty for Data from Regression-based Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Appropriate application of this practice should result in an estimate of the test-method’s uncertainty (at any concentration within the working range), which can be compared with data-quality objectives to see if the uncertainty is acceptable.  
5.2 With data sets that compare recovered concentration with true concentration, the resulting regression plot allows the correction of the recovery data to true values. Reporting of such corrections is at the discretion of the user.  
5.3 This practice should be used to estimate the measurement uncertainty for any application of a test method where measurement uncertainty is important to data use.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes a standard for computing the measurement uncertainty for applicable test methods in Committee D19 on Water. The practice does not provide a single-point estimate for the entire working range, but rather relates the uncertainty to concentration. The statistical technique of regression is employed during data analysis.  
1.2 Applicable test methods are those whose results come from regression-based methods and whose data are intra-laboratory (not inter-laboratory data, such as result from round-robin studies). For each analysis conducted using such a method, it is assumed that a fixed, reproducible amount of sample is introduced.  
1.3 Calculation of the measurement uncertainty involves the analysis of data collected to help characterize the analytical method over an appropriate concentration range. Example sources of data include: (1) calibration studies (which may or may not be conducted in pure solvent), (2) recovery studies (which typically are conducted in matrix and include all sample-preparation steps), and (3) collections of data obtained as part of the method’s ongoing Quality Control program. Use of multiple instruments, multiple operators, or both, and field-sampling protocols may or may not be reflected in the data.  
1.4 In any designed study whose data are to be used to calculate method uncertainty, the user should think carefully about what the study is trying to accomplish and much variation should be incorporated into the study. General guidance on designing studies (for example, calibration, recovery) is given in Appendix X1. Detailed guidelines on sources of variation are outside the scope of this practice, but general points to consider are included in Appendix X2, which is not intended to be exhaustive. With any study, the user must think carefully about the factors involved with conducting the analysis, and must realize that the computed measurement uncertainty will reflect the quality of the input data.  
1.5 Associated with the measurement uncertainty is a user-chosen level of statistical confidence.  
1.6 At any concentration in the working range, the measurement uncertainty is plus-or-minus the half-width of the prediction interval associated with the regression line.  
1.7 It is assumed that the user has access to a statistical software package for performing regression. A statistician should be consulted if assistance is needed in selecting such a program.  
1.8 A statistician also should be consulted if data transformations are being considered.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D3975-93(2019)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Development and Use (Preparation) of Samples for Collaborative Testing of Methods for Analysis of Sediments

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The objective of this practice is to provide guidelines for the preparation of samples for use in collaborative tests, to evaluate methods during their development, and for the evaluation of the precision and bias of proposed test methods.  
5.2 Statements of the precision and bias are a mandatory part of ASTM test methods. Such an evaluation is necessary to provide guidance to the user as to the reliability of measurements that can be expected by its use. The statements are developed on the basis of user experience (ordinarily collaborative tests) with the test method.  
5.3 The availability of test samples is a key requirement for collaborative evaluation of test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes uniform general procedures for the development (preparation) and use of samples in the collaborative testing of methods for chemical analysis of sediments and similar materials.  
1.2 The principles of this practice are applicable to aqueous samples with suitable technical modifications.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6362-98(2018)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Certificates of Reference Materials for Water Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is designed to assist suppliers and users of reference materials by identifying the information necessary on the certificate of analysis of materials designated for use in ASTM test methods. This practice is specifically designed to ensure that materials suitable for use as either calibration or quality control standards are available. This practice does not define a specific certification protocol, but rather provides guidance in the development of adequate data to support the use of the material as either a calibration or quality control standard. Suppliers are referred to ISO Guide 35 for guidelines on acceptable certification protocols. End users are referred to ISO Guide 31 for a more complete description of the elements of typical certificates of analysis.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the information that must be provided on certificates of analysis of reference materials designated to support ASTM methods. It provides end users of these materials with a defined set of data that is required to be on a certificate of analysis and provides information to assist the end user in evaluating the independence of the material. Similarly, it provides the suppliers of reference materials with a consistent format for the presentation of certification data.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6568-00(2018)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Planning, Carrying Out, and Reporting Traceable Chemical Analyses of Water Samples

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes basic requirements which should be met by water and environmental laboratories that generate and report test chemical analyses which the laboratory client desires to be traceable to SI units (Note 1) or certified reference materials traceable to SI units. Traceability of chemical analyses is important because it provides a uniform basis for the comparison of results from different measurement systems and because it relates those results to our current knowledge of physical laws (Note 2).
Note 1: A certified reference material traceable to SI units is a certified reference material whose value can be related with a stated uncertainty through an unbroken change of comparisons to stated references (usually national or international standards) in SI units, such as a primary measurement made in SI units or a national standard certified in SI units.
Note 2: Not all chemical analysis results can be traceable to SI units or to certified reference material’s traceable to SI units, such as turbidity and or total suspended solids.  
4.2 Many waters-related laboratories comply with ISO Guide 17025 and participate in Proficiency Testing Programs. Laboratories that are connected to the same accreditation bodies and Proficiency Test providers can be expected to report statistically similar results on the same sample. However, some test methods and some certified reference materials are not supported with data traceable to SI units. Therefore, fully compliant laboratories that are not connected to the same providers may report statistically different chemical analysis results if they used the same nontraceable test method on the same sample. This problem could be minimized if they used test methods, measurement devices, and certified reference materials that are traceable to SI units, where available.  
4.3 Although some standard test methods and certified reference materials provide evidence of traceability to SI units, many others do not. Therefor...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide sets a protocol for generating and reporting chemical analyses that are traceable to SI units or to certified reference materials in laboratories that serve the water and environmental industry.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    3 pages
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