ASTM D4788-03(2013)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Detecting Delaminations in Bridge Decks Using Infrared Thermography
Standard Test Method for Detecting Delaminations in Bridge Decks Using Infrared Thermography
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method may be used in conjunction with other test methods in determining the general condition of a bridge deck.
4.2 Areas indicated as delaminated on overlaid bridge decks may be an indication of lack of bond between the overlay and the underlying bridge deck. This test method may be used in determining specific areas of delaminations requiring repair.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of delaminations in portland-cement concrete bridge decks using infrared thermography. This test method is intended for use on exposed and overlaid concrete bridge decks.
1.2 A Precision and Bias statement has not been developed at this time. Therefore, this standard should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.Note 1—This test method can be used on asphalt or concrete overlays as thick as 4 in. (100 mm).
1.3 This test method uses an imaging infrared scanner and video recorder, mounted on a vehicle, to detect delaminations and debonded areas on bridge decks and to record the information.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D4788 − 03 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Test Method for
Detecting Delaminations in Bridge Decks Using Infrared
Thermography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4788; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope The data from the scanner is recorded on video tape. Delami-
nations appear as white or “hot’’ areas on a gray or “cooler’’
1.1 This test method covers the determination of delamina-
background in the video image on a monochrome scanner
tions in portland-cement concrete bridge decks using infrared
system during daytime testing. During nighttime testing, the
thermography. This test method is intended for use on exposed
delaminations will appear as dark or “cooler’’ areas on a white
and overlaid concrete bridge decks.
or “warmer’’ background. Delaminations will appear as the
1.2 A Precision and Bias statement has not been developed
warmer colors on color scanner systems during daytime
at this time. Therefore, this standard should not be used for
testing. Calibration of thermal anomalies using sounding tech-
acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.
niques are used to determine the colors associated with
NOTE 1—This test method can be used on asphalt or concrete overlays
delaminations.
as thick as 4 in. (100 mm).
3.2 The conventional video image is used to edit the
1.3 This test method uses an imaging infrared scanner and
infrared image and separate those patches or surface defects
video recorder, mounted on a vehicle, to detect delaminations
that may be present and may appear as hot areas.
and debonded areas on bridge decks and to record the
information.
3.3 The video recording is used to map the delaminated
areas at a suitable scale.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4. Significance and Use
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
4.1 This test method may be used in conjunction with other
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
test methods in determining the general condition of a bridge
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
deck.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 Areas indicated as delaminated on overlaid bridge decks
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
may be an indication of lack of bond between the overlay and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the underlying bridge deck. This test method may be used in
2. Referenced Documents
determining specific areas of delaminations requiring repair.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4580 Practice for Measuring Delaminations in Concrete 5. Apparatus
Bridge Decks by Sounding
5.1 General—In order to collect data on the areal extent and
location of the delaminations, the following apparatus is
3. Summary of Test Method
required:
3.1 The vehicle-mounted infrared scanner and video re-
5.1.1 Infrared Scanner— An imaging infrared scanner hav-
corder is driven over the center of each lane of a bridge deck.
ing a minimum thermal resolution of 0.2°C under ambient air
conditions. The scanner shall be mounted on the front of the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.32 on vehicle at a height sufficient to allow a minimum image width
Bridges and Structures.
of 14 ft (4.3 m). The scanner shall be capable of producing a
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2013. Published November 2013. Originally
television-compatible image.
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D4788 – 03 (2007).
DOI: 10.1520/D4788-03R13.
5.1.2 Video Recorders capable of reproducing a thermal
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
imageoraconventionalvideoimage.Eachdeviceshallhaveat
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
least one audio channel available and provide a minimum
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. resolution of 240 lines per inch. Two are required.
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D4788 − 03 (2013)
5.1.3 VideoCamera—Aconventional video camera capable 6.8 Survey the entire bridge deck by making one pass per
of viewing a minimum image of 14 ft (4.3 m) and producing a lane. When shoulder areas are wider than 3 ft (1 m) make a
color video signal that can be recorded on a standard video separate pass along the shoulder.
recorder.
6.9 Collectdataatspeedsnogreaterthan10mph(16km/h).
5.1.4 DistanceMeasuringDevice having an accuracy of 63
6.10 Should field confirmation of the existence of a delami-
in. (76 mm) over the longest span in the deck. The output of
nated or debonded area be required, select a core location(s)
this device shall be recorded by both the infrared video
during the inspection. Mark the location(s) for coring either
recorder and the conventional video recorder.
during the survey or subsequent to the infrared survey.
5.1.5 Test Vehicle on which the imaging infrared scanner
and video recorder will be mounted. The vehicle shall be
7. Interpretation and Plotting of Results
capableofsupportingtheinfraredscannerandtheconventional
7.1 Plot the delaminations on a scaled plan of the bridge
video camera at a height sufficient to allow a minimum width
deck using either a manual
...
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