ASTM C871-18(2023)

Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insulation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate, and Sodium Ions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Research has demonstrated that in addition to the halide ion chloride; fluoride ions, when deposited and concentrated on the surface of austenitic stainless steel, can contribute to external stress corrosion cracking (ESCC) in the absence of inhibiting ions.5 Two widely used insulation specifications that are specific to ESCC allow the use of the same Test Methods C692 and C871 for evaluation of insulation materials. Both specifications require fluoride ions to be included with chloride ions when evaluating the extractable ions.  
5.2 Chlorides (and fluorides) can be constituents of the insulating material or of the environment, or both. Moisture in the insulation or from the environment can cause chlorides (and fluorides) to migrate through the insulation and concentrate at the hot stainless steel surface.  
5.3 The presence of sodium and silicate ions in the insulation has been found to inhibit external stress corrosion cracking caused by chloride (and fluoride) ions, whether such ions come from the insulation itself or from external sources. Furthermore, if the ratio of sodium and silicate ions to chloride (and fluoride) ions is in a certain proportion in the insulation, external stress corrosion cracking as a result of the presence of chloride (and fluoride) in the insulation will be prevented or at least mitigated (see also Specification C795).
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover laboratory procedures for the determination of water-leachable chloride, fluoride, silicate, and sodium ions in thermal insulation materials in the parts per million range.  
1.2 Selection of one of the test methods listed for each of the ionic determinations required shall be made on the basis of laboratory capability and availability of the required equipment and appropriateness to the concentration of the ion and any possible ion interferences in the extraction solution.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2023
• ICS: 91.100.60 - Thermal and sound insulating materials
• Technical Committee: C16 - Thermal Insulation
• Drafting Committee: C16.31 - Chemical and Physical Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C871 − 18 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Methods for
Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insulation Materials for
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Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate, and Sodium Ions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C871; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C795 Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Con-
tact with Austenitic Stainless Steel
1.1 These test methods cover laboratory procedures for the
C871 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insu-
determination of water-leachable chloride, fluoride, silicate,
lation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate,
and sodium ions in thermal insulation materials in the parts per
and Sodium Ions
million range.
D1428 Test Method for Test for Sodium and Potassium In
1.2 Selection of one of the test methods listed for each of the
Water and Water-Formed Deposits by Flame Photometry
3
ionic determinations required shall be made on the basis of
(Withdrawn 1989)
laboratory capability and availability of the required equipment
2.2 AWWA Standards:
and appropriateness to the concentration of the ion and any 4
4500-Si D Molybdosilicate Method for Silica
possible ion interferences in the extraction solution.
4
4500-Si E Heteropoly Blue Method for Silica
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3. Terminology
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.1 Definitions—Refer to Terminology C168 for definitions
and are not considered standard.
relating to insulation.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Methods
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Insulation specimens are leached for 30 min in boiling
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
water. Tests to determine quantitatively chloride, fluoride,
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
silicate, and sodium ions are performed on aliquots of the
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
filtered leachate solution.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.2 Analysis for Chloride:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.2.1 Amperometric-coulometric titration test method.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.2.2 Titrimetric test method. This method is no longer
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
recommended as requested by ASTM International due to use
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
of a specific hazardous substance.
4.2.3 Specific ion electrode test method.
2. Referenced Documents
2
4.3 Analysis for Fluoride:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.3.1 Specific ion electrode test method.
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
4.3.2 SPADNS colorimetric test method.
C692 Test Method for Evaluating the Influence of Thermal
Insulations on External Stress Corrosion Cracking Ten-
4.4 Analysis for Silicate:
dency of Austenitic Stainless Steel
4.4.1 Atomic absorption spectrophotometry test method.
4.4.2 Colorimetric test methods—AWWA Methods 4500-Si
D and 4500-Si E.
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These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on
Thermal Insulation and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.31 on
4.5 Analysis for Sodium:
Chemical and Physical Properties.
4.5.1 Flame photometric test method
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published June 2023. Originally
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as C871 – 18. DOI:
10.1520/C0871-18R23.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 17th Edition,
the ASTM website. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, 1989.
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C871 − 18 (2023)
Test Methods D1428. or saran, or materials with metallic chlorides in their formula-
4.5.2 Atomic absorption spectrophotometry test me
...