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ASTM E2235-03

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Decay Rates for Use in Sound Insulation Test Methods

Standard Test Method for Determination of Decay Rates for Use in Sound Insulation Test Methods

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of sound decay rate in rooms and the calculation of the sound absorption of the room and its contents. The sound absorption so calculated may be used in calculations in sound insulation test methods.
1.2 The method shall be used only in conjunction with other test methods where the logarithm of the sound absorption is used in formulas. It is not sufficiently precise for use in situations where room sound absorption is to be used without taking logarithms.
1.3 For laboratory measurements of the sound absorption of materials and objects, Test Method C 423 should be used.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-2003
ICS
91.120.20 - Acoustics in building. Sound insulation
Technical Committee
E33 - Building and Environmental Acoustics
Drafting Committee
E33.01 - Sound Absorption
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E2235-04 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Decay Rates for Use in Sound Insulation Test Methods
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Referred By
ASTM E336-23 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound Attenuation between Rooms in Buildings
Effective Date
10-Apr-2003
Referred By
ASTM E90-09(2016) - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and Elements
Effective Date
10-Apr-2003
Referred By
ASTM C634-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics
Effective Date
10-Apr-2003
Referred By
ASTM C423-23 - Standard Test Method for Sound Absorption and Sound Absorption Coefficients by the Reverberation Room Method
Effective Date
10-Apr-2003
Referred By
ASTM E1007-21 - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Tapping Machine Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies and Associated Support Structures
Effective Date
10-Apr-2003
Referred By
ASTM E492-22 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the Tapping Machine
Effective Date
10-Apr-2003
Referred By
ASTM E966-18a - Standard Guide for Field Measurements of Airborne Sound Attenuation of Building Facades and Facade Elements
Effective Date
10-Apr-2003

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ASTM E2235-03 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Decay Rates for Use in Sound Insulation Test MethodsASTM E2235-03 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Decay Rates for Use in Sound Insulation Test Methods
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ASTM E2235-03 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Decay Rates for Use in Sound Insulation Test Methods
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:E2235–03
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Decay Rates for Use in Sound Insulation
Test Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2235; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method is part of a set of methods used to evaluate the sound-insulating properties of
building elements. It is intended for use in conjunction with methods for measuring the transmission
of sound through a partition or partition element in a laboratory or in a building. These methods
include the laboratory measurement of airborne sound transmission loss of building partitions and
elements (Test Method E 90E90), the measurement of sound isolation in buildings (Test Method
E 336E 336), the laboratory measurement of impact sound transmission through floors (Test Method
E 492E 492), the measurement of impact sound transmission in buildings (Test Method
E 1007E 1007), the measurement of sound transmission through building facades and facade elements
(Guide E 966E 966), and the measurement of sound transmission through a common plenum between
two rooms (Test Method E 1414E 1414).
1. Scope C 634 Terminology Relating to Environmental Acoustics
E90 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of sound
Airborne-Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions
decay rate in rooms and the calculation of the sound absorption
and Elements
of the room and its contents. The sound absorption so calcu-
E 336 Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound
lated may be used in calculations in sound insulation test
Insulation in Buildings
methods.
E 492 Test Method of Laboratory Measurement of Impact
1.2 The method shall be used only in conjunction with other
Sound Transmission through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies
test methods where the logarithm of the sound absorption is
Using the Tapping Machine
used in formulas. It is not sufficiently precise for use in
E 966 Guide for Field Measurement of Airborne Sound
situations where room sound absorption is to be used without
Insulation of Building Facades and Facade Elements
taking logarithms.
E 1007 Test Method for Field Measurement of Tapping
1.3 For laboratory measurements of the sound absorption of
MachineImpactSoundTransmissionthroughFloor-ceiling
materials and objects, Test Method C 423C 423 should be
Assemblies and Associated Support Structures
used.
E 1414 Test Method for Airborne Sound Attenuation be-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tween Rooms Sharing a Common Ceiling Plenum
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2.2 ANSI Standards:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
S1.4 Specification for Sound-Level Meters
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
S1.6 Standard Preferred Frequencies, Frequency Levels,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and Band Numbers for Acoustical Measurements
2. Referenced Documents
S1.11 Specification for Octave-band and Fractional-Octave-
Band Analog and Digital Filters
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 423 Test Method for Sound Absorption and Sound Ab-
3. Terminology
sorption Coefficients by the Reverberation Room Method
3.1 Definitions of the acoustical terms used in this test
method are given in Terminology C 634C 634.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33 on
EnvironmentalAcousticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE33.01on
Sound Absorption.
Current edition approved April 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
E2235–03
placing sources in trihedral corners of the room will be adequate.
3.2.1 output interval, Dt;[T];s—of a real-time analyzer,the
time between successive outputs of sound pressure levels
7. Sound Source Positions
during a single decay measurement.
7.1 At least one source position shall be used in the room.
4. Summary of Test Method
NOTE 3—Where more than one source position is used, decay rate data
4.1 Sound decay rate in rooms is a function of frequency so
may be collected for each source position in sequence and then the decay
measurements are made in a series of frequency bands. Bands
rates averaged. Alternatively, multiple loudspeakers may be activated
of random electrical noise are used as signals to drive loud-
simultaneously. If this is done, the sound power emitted by the loud-
speakers in the room until the sound pressure level reaches a speaker sources should be approximately equal. Separate electronic noise
generators and amplifiers for each system are not necessary.
steady state. When the sound is then turned off, the sound
pressure level decays at a rate determined by the sound
8. Electrical Signal
absorption in the room. The decay rate is measured in each
frequency band by measuring the slope of a straight line fitted 8.1 Theelectricalsignalfedtoeachpoweramplifiershallbe
to the average decay curve. The absorption of the room and its a band of random noise with a continuous spectrum covering
contents is calculated from the Sabine formula: the frequency range over which measurements are made.
Vd
A 5 0.921 (1)
9. Frequency Range
c
9.1 The frequency range of the measurements shall be that
where:
2 specified in the companion standard for which the measure-
A = sound absorption, m ,
3 ments are being made.
V = volume of reverberation room, m ,
9.2 Bandwidth—For each test band, the overall frequency
c = speed of sound, m/s, and
response of the electrical system, including the filter or filters
d = decay rate, dB/s.
in the source or microphone systems, shall satisfy the specifi-
5. Significance and Use cations given in ANSI Specification S1.11 for a one-third
octave band filter set, Order 3 or higher, Type 1.
5.1 Several ASTM test methods to evaluate the sound-
insulating properties of building elements require the measure-
NOTE 4—The shape of the filter response curve can influence the
ment of room sound absorption as part of the procedure. The
minimum decay rate that can be measured. This problem is dealt with by
room sound absorption in these standards appears in an the requirement in 13.5.
equationintheform10log(x/A),where xisaquantitywiththe
10. Microphone Requirements
same units as A,m . Room sound absorption is calculated from
the decay rate using Eq 1.
10.1 A microphone used to measure decay rate shall be
5.2 The requirements of this standard have been chosen so
omnidirectional with a 6 1 dB random-incidence amplitude
the uncertainty associated with the measurement of room
response within any one-third octave band for all frequencies
sound absorption will be acceptably small so long as the
and sound pressure levels used for decay rate measurements.
logarithm of the absorption is being used in calculations.
5.3 Other test methods should specify explicitly that they
11. Microphone Positions
make use of this test method.
11.1 Stationary Microphones:
5.4 Where measurement requirements in the parent standard
11.1.1 In the absence of an over-riding requirement in the
differ from those given here, the requirements in the parent
companion standard, the number of stationary microphone
standard shall be satisfied.
positions shall be at least three.
5.5 This method shall not be used when room sound
11.1.2 In the absence of an over-riding requirement in the
absorption or decay rate is to be used directly to satisfy some
companion standard, stationary microphone positions shall be
criterion, for example in a room that must not be overly
at least 1.5 m apart, and at least 0.75 m from any surface of the
reverberant so speech will be intelligible.
room.
NOTE 1—The uncertainty of the room sound absorption obtained will
11.2 Moving Microphones:
usually be too high and additional measurements are necessary.
11.2.1 Only one location of a moving microphone assembly
5.6 Any companion standard may specify the use of the
is required in the room.
procedures in this method for determining whether the decay
11.2.2 The length of the path for a moving microphone shall
rates in a room are slow enough to satisfy the requirements of
be that specified in the companion standard for which mea-
the companion standard. The measured decay rates s
...

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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of airflow resistance and the related measurements of specific airflow resistance and airflow resistivity of porous materials that can be used for the absorption and attenuation of sound. Materials cover a range from thick boards or blankets to thin mats, fabrics, papers, and screens. When the material is anisotropic, provision is made for measurements along different axes of the specimen.  
1.2 This test method is designed for the measurement of values of specific airflow resistance ranging from 100 to 10 000 mks rayls (Pa·s/m) with linear airflow velocities ranging from 0.5 mm/s to 50 mm/s and pressure differences across the specimen ranging from 0.1 Pa to 250 Pa. The upper limit of this range of linear airflow velocities is a point at which the airflow through most porous materials is in partial or complete transition from laminar to turbulent flow.  
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1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 Table 1 is provided for user to convert into cgs units.    
cgs acoustic ohm  
mks acoustic ohm (Pa·s/m3)  
105  
cgs rayl  
mks rayl (Pa·s/m)  
10    
cgs rayl/cm  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
103  
cgs rayl/in.  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
394  
mks rayl/in.  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
39.4  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C634-22(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Definitions—Terms and related definitions given in Section 4 are intended for use uniformly and consistently in all building and environmental acoustic test standards in which they appear.  
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to Each Standard:  
3.2.1 As indicated in Section 4, terms and their definitions are intended to provide a precise understanding and interpretation of the building and environmental acoustic test standards in which they appear.  
3.2.2 A specific definition of a given term is applicable to the standard or standards in which the term is described and used.  
3.2.3 Different definitions of the same term are acceptable provided each one is consistent with and is not in conflict with the standard definition for the same term, that is, the general concept the term describes.  
3.2.4 If a standard under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33 specially defines a term, i.e. provides a definition different in any way from what is given in Section 4 of Terminology C634, that standard shall list the term and its description under the subheading, Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard.
3.2.4.1 Discussion—The mandatory language of section 3.2.4 is consistent with the mandatory language from §E2 of Form and Style for ASTM Standards (April 2020) and with the ASTM Committee E33 bylaws in place when this standard was published; it reflects a situation that exists, it does not prescribe anything.  
3.3 Definitions for some terms associated with building and environmental acoustic issues and not included in Terminology C634 are found in ISO/TR 25417 or IEEE P260.4. When discrepancies exist, the definition in Terminology C634 shall prevail.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers terms, related definitions, and descriptions of terms used or likely to be used in building and environmental acoustics standards. Definitions of terms are special-purpose definitions that are consistent with the standard definitions but are written to ensure that a specific building and environmental acoustics standard is properly understood and precisely interpreted. The primary focus of this document is upon terms, definitions and descriptions found within standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33; however, terms, definitions and descriptions that are of general interest to the field of acoustics are also included.  
1.2 This building and environmental acoustics standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E492-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the Tapping Machine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The spectrum of the noise in the room below the test specimen is determined by the following:  
5.1.1 The size and the mechanical properties of the floor-ceiling assembly, such as its construction, surface, mounting or edge restraints, stiffness, or internal damping,  
5.1.2 The acoustical response of the room below,  
5.1.3 The placement of the object or device producing the impacts, and  
5.1.4 The nature of the actual impact itself.  
5.2 This test method is based on the use of a standardized tapping machine of the type specified in 8.1 placed in specific positions on the floor. This machine produces a continuous series of uniform impacts at a uniform rate on a test floor and generates in the receiving room broadband sound pressure levels that are sufficiently high to make measurements possible beneath most floor types even in the presence of background noise. The tapping machine itself, however, is not designed to simulate any one type of impact, such as produced by male or female footsteps.  
5.3 Because of its portable design, the tapping machine does not simulate the weight of a human walker. Therefore, the structural sounds, i.e., creaks or booms of a floor assembly caused by such footstep excitation is not reflected in the single number impact rating derived from test results obtained by this test method. The degree of correlation between the results of tapping machine tests in the laboratory and the subjective acceptance of floors under typical conditions of domestic impact excitation is uncertain. The correlation will depend on both the type of floor construction and the nature of the impact excitation in the building.  
5.4 In laboratories designed to satisfy the requirements of this test method, the intent is that only significant path for sound transmission between the rooms is through the test specimen. This is not generally the case in buildings where there are often many other paths for sounds— flanking sound transmission. Consequently so...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement of impact sound transmission of floor-ceiling assemblies using a standardized tapping machine. It is assumed that the test specimen constitutes the primary sound transmission path into a receiving room located directly below and that a good approximation to a diffuse sound field exists in this room.  
1.2 Measurements may be conducted on floor-ceiling assemblies of all kinds, including those with floating-floor or suspended ceiling elements, or both, and floor-ceiling assemblies surfaced with any type of floor-surfacing or floor-covering materials.  
1.3 This test method prescribes a uniform procedure for reporting laboratory test data, that is, the normalized one-third octave band sound pressure levels transmitted by the floor-ceiling assembly due to the tapping machine.  
1.4 Laboratory Accreditation—The requirements for accrediting a laboratory for performing this test method are given in Annex A2.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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