ASTM E966-18a
(Guide)Standard Guide for Field Measurements of Airborne Sound Attenuation of Building Facades and Facade Elements
Standard Guide for Field Measurements of Airborne Sound Attenuation of Building Facades and Facade Elements
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The best uses of this guide are to measure the OINR and the AOITL(θ) or OITL(θ) at specific angles of incidence. By measuring the AOITL(θ) or OITL(θ) at several loudspeaker sound incidence angles, by energy-averaging the receiving room sound levels before computing results, an approximation of the diffuse field results measured with Test Methods E90 and E336 may be obtained.
5.2 The traffic noise method is to be used only for OINR measurements and is most suitable for situations where the OINR of a specimen at a specific location is exposed to an existing traffic noise source.
5.3 The OINR, AOITL(θ), and OITL(θ) produced by the methods described will not correspond to the transmission loss and noise reduction measured by Test Methods E90 and E336 because of the different incident sound fields that exist in the outdoors (1)4. All of these results are a function of the angle of incidence of the sound for two reasons.
5.3.1 The transmission loss is strongly influenced by the coincidence effect where the frequency and projected wavelength of sound incident at angle, θ, coincides with the wavelength of a bending wave of the same frequency in the panel (2, 3, 4, 5). This frequency and the angle of least transmission loss (greatest transparency) both depend on specimen panel stiffness, damping and area mass. In diffuse-field testing as in the laboratory, the effect is a weakness at the diffuse field average coincidence frequency that is dependent on material and thickness, often seen around the frequency of 2500 Hz for drywall and glass specimens. Thick wood panels, such as doors, and masonry wall exhibit lower coincident frequencies while thinner sheet steel exhibits higher coincidence frequencies. For free field sound coming from one direction only, the coincidence frequency varies with incidence angle and will differ from the diffuse-field value (5). Near or at grazing (θ close to 90°) it will be much lower in frequency than the diffuse field (E90 and E33...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide may be used to determine the outdoor-indoor noise reduction (OINR), which is the difference in sound pressure level between the free-field level outdoors in the absence of the structure and the resulting sound pressure level in a room. Either a loudspeaker or existing traffic noise or aircraft noise can be used as the source. The outdoor sound field geometry must be described and calculations must account for the way the outdoor level is measured. These results are used with Classification E1332 to calculate the single number rating outdoor-indoor noise isolation class, OINIC. Both OINR and OINIC can vary with outdoor sound incidence angle.
1.2 Under controlled circumstances where a single façade is exposed to the outdoor sound, or a façade element such as a door or window has much lower transmission loss than the rest of the façade, an outdoor-indoor transmission loss, OITL(θ), or apparent outdoor-indoor transmission loss, AOITL(θ), may be measured using a loudspeaker source. These results are a function of the angle of incidence of the sound field. By measuring with sound incident at many angles, an approximation to the diffuse field transmission loss as measured between two rooms can be obtained. The results may be used to predict interior sound levels in installations similar to that tested when exposed to an outdoor sound field similar to that used during the measurement. The single number ratings of apparent outdoor-indoor transmission class, AOITC(θ), using AOITL(θ) and field outdoor-indoor transmission class, FOITC(θ), using OITL(θ) may be calculated using Classification E1332. These ratings also may be calculated with the data obtained from receiving room sound pressure measurements performed at several incidence angles as discussed in 8.6.
1.3 To cope with the variety of outdoor incident sound field geometries that are encountered in the field, six testing techniques are presented. These te...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E966 − 18a
Standard Guide for
Field Measurements of Airborne Sound Attenuation of
1
Building Facades and Facade Elements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E966; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This guide provides methods to measure the sound isolation of a room from outdoor sound, and to
evaluate the sound transmission or apparent sound transmission through a particular facade of the
room or an element of that façade such as a window or door. Measurements from outdoors to indoors
differ from measurements between two rooms. The outdoor sound field is not diffuse and the
transmission of that sound through the structure is a function of the outdoor sound angle of incidence.
The outdoor-indoor transmission loss values obtained with this guide are not expected to be the same
as that obtained in laboratory or other tests between two rooms using diffuse incident sound. At this
time, there are insufficient data available to specify a single, standard measurement procedure suitable
for all field situations. For this reason, this guide provides alternative test procedures for the
measurements of facade field level reduction and transmission loss.
This guide is part of a set of standards for evaluating the sound isolation of rooms and the sound
insulatingpropertiesofbuildingelements.Othersinthissetcovertheairbornesoundtransmissionloss
of an isolated partition element in a controlled laboratory environment (Test Method E90), the
laboratory measurement of impact sound transmission through floors (Test Method E492), the
measurement of airborne sound transmission in buildings (Test Method E336), the measurement of
impactsoundtransmissioninbuildings(TestMethodE1007),thefieldmeasurementofairbornesound
insertion loss of doors (Test Method E2964), and the laboratory measurement of sound transmission
through a common plenum between two rooms (Test Method E1414).
1. Scope door or window has much lower transmission loss than the rest
of the façade, an outdoor-indoor transmission loss, OITL(θ), or
1.1 This guide may be used to determine the outdoor-indoor
apparent outdoor-indoor transmission loss, AOITL(θ), may be
noise reduction (OINR), which is the difference in sound
measured using a loudspeaker source. These results are a
pressure level between the free-field level outdoors in the
function of the angle of incidence of the sound field. By
absence of the structure and the resulting sound pressure level
measuring with sound incident at many angles, an approxima-
in a room. Either a loudspeaker or existing traffic noise or
tion to the diffuse field transmission loss as measured between
aircraft noise can be used as the source. The outdoor sound
two rooms can be obtained. The results may be used to predict
field geometry must be described and calculations must ac-
interior sound levels in installations similar to that tested when
count for the way the outdoor level is measured. These results
exposed to an outdoor sound field similar to that used during
are used with Classification E1332 to calculate the single
the measurement. The single number ratings of apparent
number rating outdoor-indoor noise isolation class, OINIC.
Both OINR and OINIC can vary with outdoor sound incidence outdoor-indoor transmission class,AOITC(θ), usingAOITL(θ)
and field outdoor-indoor transmission class, FOITC(θ), using
angle.
OITL(θ) may be calculated using Classification E1332. These
1.2 Under controlled circumstances where a single façade is
ratings also may be calculated with the data obtained from
exposed to the outdoor sound, or a façade element such as a
receiving room sound pressure measurements performed at
several incidence angles as discussed in 8.6.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E33 on Building and
EnvironmentalAcousticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE33.03on
1.3 To cope with the variety of outdoor incident sound field
Sound Transmission.
geometries that are encountered in the field, six testing tech-
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally
niques are presented. These techniques and their general
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as E966 – 18. DOI:
10.1520/E0966-18A. applicability are summarized in Table 1 and Figs. 1-6. The
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E966 − 18 E966 − 18a
Standard Guide for
Field Measurements of Airborne Sound Attenuation of
1
Building Facades and Facade Elements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E966; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This guide provides methods to measure the sound isolation of a room from outdoor sound, and to
evaluate the sound transmission or apparent sound transmission through a particular facade of the
room or an element of that façade such as a window or door. Measurements from outdoors to indoors
differ from measurements between two rooms. The outdoor sound field is not diffuse and the
transmission of that sound through the structure is a function of the outdoor sound angle of incidence.
The outdoor-indoor transmission loss values obtained with this guide are not expected to be the same
as that obtained in laboratory or other tests between two rooms using diffuse incident sound. At this
time, there are insufficient data available to specify a single, standard measurement procedure suitable
for all field situations. For this reason, this guide provides alternative test procedures for the
measurements of facade field level reduction and transmission loss.
This guide is part of a set of standards for evaluating the sound isolation of rooms and the sound
insulating properties of building elements. Others in this set cover the airborne sound transmission loss
of an isolated partition element in a controlled laboratory environment (Test Method E90), the
laboratory measurement of impact sound transmission through floors (Test Method E492), the
measurement of airborne sound transmission in buildings (Test Method E336), the measurement of
impact sound transmission in buildings (Test Method E1007), the field measurement of airborne sound
insertion loss of doors (Test Method E2964), and the laboratory measurement of sound transmission
through a common plenum between two rooms (Test Method E1414).
1. Scope
1.1 This guide may be used to determine the outdoor-indoor noise reduction (OINR), which is the difference in sound pressure
level between the free-field level outdoors in the absence of the structure and the resulting sound pressure level in a room. Either
a loudspeaker or existing traffic noise or aircraft noise can be used as the source. The outdoor sound field geometry must be
described and calculations must account for the way the outdoor level is measured. These results are used with Classification
E1332 to calculate the single number rating outdoor-indoor noise isolation class, OINIC. Both OINR and OINIC can vary with
outdoor sound incidence angle.
1.2 Under controlled circumstances where a single façade is exposed to the outdoor sound, or a façade element such as a door
or window has much lower transmission loss than the rest of the façade, an outdoor-indoor transmission loss, OITL(θ), or apparent
outdoor-indoor transmission loss, AOITL(θ), may be measured using a loudspeaker source. These results are a function of the angle
of incidence of the sound field. By measuring with sound incident at many angles, an approximation to the diffuse field
transmission loss as measured between two rooms can be obtained. The results may be used to predict interior sound levels in
installations similar to that tested when exposed to an outdoor sound field similar to that used during the measurement. The single
number ratings of apparent outdoor-indoor transmission class, AOITC(θ), using AOITL(θ) and field outdoor-indoor transmission
class, FOITC(θ), using OITL(θ) may be calculated using Classification E1332. These ratings also may be calculated with the data
obtained from receiving room sound pressure measurements performed at several incidence angles as discussed in 8.6.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33 on Building and Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E33.03 on Sound
Transmission.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2018Nov. 1, 2018. Published January 2018November 2018. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20102018
ε1
as E966 – 10E966 – 18. . DOI: 10.1520/E0966-18.10.1520/E0966-18A.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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