ASTM D5848-98
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Mass Per Unit Area of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
Standard Test Method for Mass Per Unit Area of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of mass per unit area of machine-made woven, knitted, and tufted pile yarn floor covering both before and after an adhesive-back coating application.
1.2 This test method encompasses three techniques for determination of mass per unit area as applicable:
1.2.1 Section 7, for determining total mass per unit area, applies to both coated and uncoated (unfinished) pile floor coverings.
1.2.2 Section 8, for determining component mass per unit area, applies only to uncoated (unfinished) pile yarn floor coverings, and
1.2.3 Section 9, for determining pile yarn mass per unit area, applies only to back-coated, or finished, pile yarn floor coverings.
1.3 Determination of mass per unit area of pile yarn floor coverings was previously contained within Test Methods D418. For user convenience, Subcommittee D13.21 subdivided Test Methods D418 into separate standards, of which this test method is one.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard for all measurements. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 9.5.
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Designation:D 5848–98
Standard Test Method for
Mass Per Unit Area of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5848; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 1909 Table of Commercial Moisture Regains for Textile
Fibers
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of mass per
D 5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor Coverings
unit area of machine-made woven, knitted, and tufted pile yarn
E 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate a
floor covering both before and after an adhesive-back coating
Measure of Quality for a Lot or Process
application.
1.2 This test method encompasses three techniques for
3. Terminology
determination of mass per unit area as applicable:
3.1 Definitions:
1.2.1 Section 1.3, for determining total mass per unit area,
3.1.1 pile yarn mass, n—for back-coated pile yarn floor
applies to both coated and uncoated (unfinished) pile floor
covering, the mass per unit area of pile yarn separated from the
coverings.
total mass by shearing and manually removing the pile yarn
1.2.2 Section 1.4, for determining component mass per unit
from the backing fabric with the assistance of solvent.
area, applies only to uncoated (unfinished) pile yarn floor
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Pile yarn mass includes pile yarn por-
coverings, and
tions buried in the backing and the short stubble of yarn
1.2.3 Section 1.5, for determining pile yarn mass per unit
projecting above the backing after shearing as opposed to
area, applies only to back-coated, or finished, pile yarn floor
measurement of mass per unit area that includes only the
coverings.
amount that can be shorn away from the backing. Some pile
1.3 Determination of mass per unit area of pile yarn floor
floor covering constructions, such as patterned woven Wiltons,
coverings was previously contained within Test Methods
may have pile yarns which appear infrequently on the pile
D 418. For user convenience, Subcommittee D 13.21 subdi-
surface; however, these inactive pile yarns should be included
vided Test Methods D 418 into separate standards, of which
as part of pile yarn mass per unit area not as backing. Pile yarn
this test method is one.
mass is not applicable to needlepunch materials.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2 For definitions of other terms relating to pile yarn floor
standard for all measurements. The inch-pound units given in
coverings, refer to Terminology D 5684. For definitions of
parentheses are provided for information only.
other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminol-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ogy D 123.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 The determination of the mass per unit area of pile yarn
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
floor covering is useful in quality and cost control during the
tionary statements are given in 9.5.
manufacture of pile floor covering. Both appearance and
2. Referenced Documents performance may be affected by changes in mass per unit area.
4.2 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported
2.1 ASTM Standards:
test results when using this test method for acceptance testing
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textile Materials
of commercial shipments, the purchaser and supplier should
D 418 Methods of Testing Pile Yarn Floor Covering Con-
conduct comparison testing to determine if there is a statistical
struction
3 bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assis-
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
tance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a
minimum the two parties should take a group of test specimens
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD-13onTextiles that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D 13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.
materialofthetypeinquestion.Thetestspecimensshouldthen
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1998. Published December 1998. Originally
published as D 5848 – 95. Last previous edition D 5848 – 95.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
3 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5848
be randomly assigned to each laboratory for testing. The 6. Conditioning
average results from the two laboratories should be compared
6.1 When required, condition the specimens or the test
using Student’s t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable
sample in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, that is
probability level chosen by the two parties prior to testing. If a
21 6 1°C (70 6 2°F) at 65 6 2 % relative humidity, for 12 h
bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or
or until the mass changes no more than 0.1 % in 2 h.
the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future test
6.2 If the fiber in any layer of the backing has a commercial
results with consideration to the known bias.
regain of over 5 %, the specimen shall be conditioned before
measuring. Commercial moisture regains for textile fibers are
5. Test Specimen
listed in Table 1 in D 1909.
5.1 Sampling Units:
7. Total Mass Per Unit Area
5.1.1 Uncoated Floor Covering—The basic sampling unit
of uncoated floor covering is a production roll.
7.1 Scope—This test method applies to both uncoated and
5.1.2 Coated Floor Covering—The basic sampling unit of
coated floor covering.
coated floor covering is a shipping roll. The number of
7.2 Summary of Test Method—Test specimens are cut from
shipping rolls obtained from each production roll ranges from
a conditioned test sample and then measured, or are cut from
one to over ten.
an unconditioned test sample and then conditioned before
5.2 Lot Sample—Take a lot sample as directed in Practice
measuring, so that the area of each test specimen is measured
E 122whenstatisticalknowledgeoftheproductvariabilityand
after conditioning. Each conditioned test specimen is weighed
test method precision is available, and a decision has been
and the mass per unit area is calculated.
made on the maximum deviation that can be tolerated between
7.3 Apparatus:
the estimate to be made from the sample and the result that
7.3.1 Balance, having a capacity and sensitivity to weigh to
wouldbeobtainedbymeasuringeverysamplingunitofthelot.
the nearest 0.1 % of the test specimen mass or to the nearest
Otherwisethenumberofsamplingunitsinalotsampleandthe
0.01 g, whichever is larger.
use of the test results obtained from the individual test samples
NOTE 1—Weighing to the nearest 0.1 % means weighing to the nearest
shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s quality control
0.01gfortestspecimensweighing10to100g,tothenearest0.1gfor100
program or with the specification agreed upon between the
to 1000 g, and to the nearest 1 g for more than 1000 g. A 100-g, 254 by
purchaser and the supplier.
254-mm (10.0 by 10.0-in.) test specimen has a mass per unit area of 1550
2 2
5.3 TestSample—Atest sample shall consist of a full width
g/m (457 oz/yd ) while a 1000-g, 457 by 457-mm (18.0 by 18.0-in.) test
2 2
sectionoffloorcoveringcutfromoneendofeachrollinthelot specimen has a mass per unit area of 4784 g/m (141.1 oz/yd ).
sample and shall be at least 100 mm (4 in.) longer than the
7.3.2 Device for Cutting and Measuring Test Specimens, as
specimens required for the tests being conducted. Do not cut a
directed for the procedure selected in Annex A1.
test sample of coated floor covering from a seam end of a
7.4 Conditioning—Conditionthetestspecimensasdirected
production roll.
inSection1.2.3beforemeasuringandweighing.ForAnnexA1
5.4 Test Specimens:
Procedures2and3,conditionthetestsamplebeforecuttingthe
5.4.1 A test specimen is a designated area of a test sample
test specimens.
cut from the test sample. For test samples 3000 mm (120 in.)
7.5 Sample and Test Specimens—Take the test sample and
wide or wider, three test specimens are required for a test
the test specimens as directed in Section 1.2.2.
method, one at each edge no nearer to the edge than 5 % of the
7.5.1 For level pile floor covering, the test specimens shall
total floor covering width and one in the middle portion of the
be at least 250 by 250 6 5 mm (10.0 by 10.0 6 0.2 in.).
testsample.Fortestsamplesatleast1500mm(60in.)widebut
7.5.2 For multilevel pile floor covering the test specimens
less than 3000 mm, take two test specimens, one at each edge
shall comprise a full pattern repeat or a whole number multiple
nonearertotheedgethan5 %ofthetotalfloorcoveringwidth.
of a full pattern repeat in each direction, but no less than as
For test samples less than 1500 mm wide, take one specimen
directed in 7.5.1. If the pattern repeat is not known and cannot
from the middle.
be determined readily, use 460 by 460 6 5 mm (18.0 by
5.4.2 Where it is known that systematic variations in a floor
18.0 6 0.2 in.) for the test specimen dimensions.
covering characteristic may occur in bands 460 mm (18 in.) or
7.6 Procedure:
more in width, as with a modular pattern device having
7.6.1 Preparation of Specimens—Follow the selected pro-
separate controls or adjustments for each module, take test
cedure of Annex A1.
specimens from the middle of each band.
7.6.2 TestSpecimenMass—Weigheachtestspecimentothe
5.4.3 When a full-width test sample is not available, take
nearest 0.1 % (or less) of the test specimen mass, M (Note 1).
specimens as directed in 5.4, and state in the report the width
7.7 Calculation:
available and the number of test specimens taken.
7.7.1 Test Specimen Total Mass Per Unit Area—Calculate
5.5 Atestresultistheaverageofthemeasurementsmadeon
thetotalmassperunitareaforeachtestspecimentothenearest
a set of test specimens as described in 5.4. In these methods,
2 2
0.3 g/m (0.01 oz/yd ) using Eq 1.
directions are given only for obtaining a test result from one
W 5M 3K/~B 3L! (1)
test sample. The value representative of the lot being sampled
will be the average of the test results for all the test samples in
where:
the lot sample.
D 5848
8.6.2 In the case of woven and knitted floor covering also
W 5 total mass per unit area of the test specimen, g/m
separate the backing yarns, if required.
(oz/yd ),
8.6.3 Weigh each component to the nearest 0.1 % of the
M 5 mass of the test specimen, g (oz),
K 5 appropriate conversion factor in Table 1, component mass, M.
B 5 average width of the test specimen to the nearest 0.3 8.7 Calculation:
mm (0.01 in.), and
8.7.1 Foreachcomponentcalculatethecomponentmassper
L 5 average length of the test specimen to the nearest 0.3
unit area for each test specimen to the nearest 0.3 g/m (0.01
mm (0.01 in.).
oz/yd ), using Eq 2.
C 5M 3K/ B 3L! (2)
NOTE 2—When the template or clicking die procedure of Annex A1 is ~
used, a standard area value for B 3L may be used in place of values of
where:
B and L determined by direct measurement of the specimens. Round this
2 2
C 5 component mass per unit area for the test specimen,
standard area value to the nearest 65 mm (0.1 in. ).
g/m (oz/yd ),
7.7.2 Calculate the average total mass per unit area for all
M 5 mass of the component removed from the test speci-
test specimens of the test sample to the nearest 3 g/m (0.1
men, g (oz),
oz/yd ).
K 5 appropriate conversion factor in Table 1,
7.8 Report:
B 5 average width of the test specimen, mm (in.), and
7.8.1 State the test sample was tested as directed in Test
L 5 average length of the test specimen, mm (in.).
Method D 5848 for determining total mass per unit area.
8.7.2 Calculate the average component mass per unit area
Describe the material or product sampled and the method of 2 2
for each component to the nearest 3 g/m (0.1 oz/yd ) for all
sampling used.
test specimens in the test sample.
7.8.2 Report the average total mass per unit area for each
8.8 Report:
test sample.
8.8.1 State the test sample was tested as directed in Test
7.9 Precision and Bias:
Method D 5848 for determining component masses per unit
7.9.1 Precision—The precision of the procedure in Test
area. Describe the material or product sampled and the method
Method D 5848 for determining total mass per unit area is
of sampling used:
being established.
8.8.2 Report the average component mass per unit area for
7.9.2 Bias—The procedure in Test Method D 5848 for
eachcomponentforthetestsample,usingcomponentnamesin
determining total mass per unit area has no known bias and
common usage.
may be used as a referee method.
8.9 Precision and Bias:
8.9.1 Precision—The precision of the procedure in Test
8. Component Masses Per Unit Area
Method D 5848 for determining component masses per unit
8.1 Scope—This test method applies only to uncoated floor
area is being established.
covering.
8.9.2 Bias—The procedure in Test Method D 5848 for
8.2 Summary of Test Method—The test specimens used for
determining component masses per unit area has no known
determining the total mass per unit area as directed in Section
bias and may be used as a referee method.
1.3 are dissected into the component parts, separating the pile
yarn from the backing fabric, and, if required, separating the 9. Pile Yarn Mass Per Unit Area
yarns composing the backing fabric one from the other. Each
9.1 Scope—This test method applies only to coated pile
component is weighed separately and the component mass per
yarn floor coverings.
unit area calculated.
9.2 Summary of Test Method—One or two strip specimens
8.3 Apparatus—Balance, see 7.3.1.
are taken as directed in 9.7.2 from each test specimen such that
8.4 ConditionthetestspecimensasdirectedinSection1.2.3
the combined mass per unit area of the strip specimen(s) is
before measuring.
within 1 % of the mass per unit area of the test specimen. The
8.5 Test Specimens— Use the test specimens prepared for
total mass of the selected strip specimens taken from all test
determining total mass per unit area as directed in Section 1.3
specimens of the test sample is designated M. Most of the pile
or prepare test specimens as directed in 7.5 and 7.6.
is shear from the strip specimens and discarded, leaving
8.6 Procedure:
stubblespecimenswhosetotalmassisdesignatedS.Theburied
8.6.1 Manually separate the pile yarn from the backing
pile yarn in the stubble specimens along with adhering coating
fabri
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