ASTM F1551-09(2017)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Comprehensive Characterization of Synthetic Turf Playing Surfaces and Materials
Standard Test Methods for Comprehensive Characterization of Synthetic Turf Playing Surfaces and Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods constitute a standard for obtaining data in research and development, quality control, acceptance and rejection under specifications, and for special purposes.
5.2 The data obtained from use of these test methods are applicable to the system and its components under conditions of the particular test procedures and are not necessarily the same as the data that might be obtained in other environments or use conditions.
5.3 The selection of test methods or tests should be limited to those appropriate to the system or material(s) being evaluated.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods establish a recommended list from which suitable test methods shall be selected for the identification of physical property characteristics and comparison of the performance properties of synthetic turf systems or components for athletic and recreational uses, or both.
1.2 Some of the test procedures are suitable only for the laboratory characterization of either components or the complete system; others are suitable for tests on installed sports fields; and some tests may be applied in both the laboratory and the field.
1.3 The test procedures included in these test methods apply as a group to the description of synthetic turf playing surfaces.
1.4 Some of the test procedures are specific for components of the synthetic turf system, and others apply to the complete synthetic turf playing surface.
1.5 Reference to the methods for testing the synthetic turf playing surface and its components contained herein should state specifically the particular test or tests desired and not necessarily refer to these test methods as a whole.
1.6 This is a physical property characterization standard, and it shall not be construed as a safety standard.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1551 − 09 (Reapproved 2017) An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
Comprehensive Characterization of Synthetic Turf Playing
Surfaces and Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1551; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 These test methods establish a recommended list from
which suitable test methods shall be selected for the identifi-
2. Referenced Documents
cation of physical property characteristics and comparison of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the performance properties of synthetic turf systems or com-
2.1.1 Pile Fiber:
ponents for athletic and recreational uses, or both.
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
1.2 Some of the test procedures are suitable only for the
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
laboratory characterization of either components or the com-
D1577 Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile Fibers
plete system; others are suitable for tests on installed sports
D1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Num-
fields;andsometestsmaybeappliedinboththelaboratoryand
ber) by the Skein Method
the field.
D2256 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the
1.3 Thetestproceduresincludedinthesetestmethodsapply
Single-Strand Method
as a group to the description of synthetic turf playing surfaces.
D3218 Specification for Polyolefin Monofilaments
D7138 Test Method to Determine Melting Temperature of
1.4 Some of the test procedures are specific for components
Synthetic Fibers
of the synthetic turf system, and others apply to the complete
2.1.2 Fabric:
synthetic turf playing surface.
D1335 Test Method for Tuft Bind of Pile Yarn Floor
1.5 Reference to the methods for testing the synthetic turf
Coverings
playing surface and its components contained herein should
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
state specifically the particular test or tests desired and not
D2859 Test Method for Ignition Characteristics of Finished
necessarily refer to these test methods as a whole.
Textile Floor Covering Materials
1.6 This is a physical property characterization standard,
D4158 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics
and it shall not be construed as a safety standard.
(Uniform Abrasion)
D5034 TestMethodforBreakingStrengthandElongationof
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
D5251 Practice for the Operation of the Tetrapod Walker
only.
Drum Tester (Withdrawn 2014)
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D5793 Test Method for Binding Sites per Unit Length or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Width of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D5823 Test Method for Tuft Height of Pile Floor Coverings
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D5848 Test Method for Mass Per Unit Area of Pile Yarn
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Floor Coverings
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
E648 Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
F1015 Test Method for Relative Abrasiveness of Synthetic
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1 2
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and are the direct responsibility contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
of Subcommittee F08.65 on Artificial Turf Surfaces and Systems. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F1551 – 09. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/F1551-09R17. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1551 − 09 (2017)
Turf Playing Surfaces prEN 15301-1 Surfaces for Sports Areas- Part 1. Determi-
2.1.3 Shock Absorbing Cushion Underlayment: nation of Rotational Resistance
D395 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression Set
D412 Test Methods forVulcanized Rubber andThermoplas-
3. Terminology
tic Elastomers—Tension
3.1 Definitions—Terms are as defined in the referenced
D624 Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional Vul-
ASTM procedures comprising these test methods.
canized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
D1667 Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—Poly
3.2.1 fabric construction—the method of assembly of pile
(Vinyl Chloride) Foam (Closed-Cell)
ribbon and backing yarns that produces the fabric, usually
D1876 Test Method for Peel Resistance of Adhesives (T-
tufting, knitting, or weaving.
Peel Test)
D2126 Test Method for Response of Rigid Cellular Plastics
3.2.2 infilled turf system—field system having a long pile
to Thermal and Humid Aging
height and either one or more substances in the face of the
D3574 Test Methods for Flexible Cellular Materials—Slab,
fabric to provide the desired playing properties. Infill sub-
Bonded, and Molded Urethane Foams
stances can be either sand, rubber or other substances or a
D3575 Test Methods for Flexible Cellular Materials Made
combination of items.
From Olefin Polymers
3.2.3 lengthwise direction, n—in textiles, the direction in a
D3936 Test Method for Resistance to Delamination of the
machine-made fabric parallel to the direction of movement the
Secondary Backing of Pile Yarn Floor Covering
fabric followed in the manufacturing machine.
F355 TestMethodforImpactAttenuationofPlayingSurface
Systems, Other Protective Sport Systems, and Materials
3.2.4 matting—the extent of change of the apparent syn-
Used for Athletics, Recreation and Play
thetic turf pile thickness from the original value due to
2.1.4 Turf Systems:
permanent compression of the pile from sports use.
D1667 Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—Poly
3.2.5 pile, n—for pile fiber turf surfacing, surface texture
(Vinyl Chloride) Foam (Closed-Cell)
composed of many individual thin strands or groups of strands
F355 TestMethodforImpactAttenuationofPlayingSurface
bound to a backing fabric in a repetitive array.
Systems, Other Protective Sport Systems, and Materials
Used for Athletics, Recreation and Play
3.2.6 pile lay—the direction in which most of the pile fibers
F1015 Test Method for Relative Abrasiveness of Synthetic
lean in the original, uncrushed fabric.
Turf Playing Surfaces
3.2.7 secondary backing—a material adhered to the backing
F1936 Specification for Impact Attenuation of Turf Playing
side of a pile turf fabric.
Systems as Measured in the Field
F2117 Test Method for Vertical Rebound Characteristics of 3.2.8 sports shoe traction—ameasureofthestaticorsliding
Sports Surface/Ball Systems; Acoustical Measurement
coefficient of friction between a weighted sports shoe and the
F2333 Test Method for Traction Characteristics of the Ath-
turf pile surface, horizontal motion.
letic Shoe-Sports Surface Interface
3.2.9 synthetic turf field system—composite of synthetic
2.1.4 Infill Materials:
contact surface material, any fill material used in the contact
D5644 Test Methods for Rubber Compounding Materials—
surface, energy absorbing material, fabric layers, adhesives, if
Determination of Particle Size Distribution of Recycled
any, and other constructed layers (as applicable to the indi-
Vulcanizate Particulate Rubber
vidual system construction).
F1632 Test Method for Particle Size Analysis and Sand
Shape Grading of Golf Course Putting Green and Sports
3.2.10 synthetic turf system components—the separate com-
Field Rootzone Mixes
ponentssuchasturffabric,shock-absorbingpad,andadhesives
that comprise the synthetic turf playing surface when as-
2.2 Other Standards:
sembled; the subcomponents such as pile yarns and backing
AT-030 Sports Shoe Traction
yarns that comprise the turf fabric.
NOTE 1—AstroTurf® Industries internal test procedure is suitable as a
3.2.11 texture—the detailed configuration of loops, cut pile
basis for new ASTM test methods.
ends, and individual fibers in the pile layer.
DIN 18-035 Part 6—Water Permeability of Synthetic Turf
3.2.11.1 Discussion—Texture is the detailed appearance of
Systems and Permeable Bases
the pile that changes by matting, crushing, flattening, fuzzing,
EN12234 SurfacesforSportsAreas–DeterminationofBall
untwisting, etc. during exposure to service. The texture should
Roll
be distinguished from the construction, that is, the specifica-
EN 12616 Surfaces for Sports Areas – Determination of
tions of kinds of yarns, yarn sizes, and the mode of combina-
Infiltration Rate
tion.
EN 14808 Surfaces for Sports Areas- Determination of
Force Reduction 3.2.12 water permeability—the rate at which water of a
specified head flows vertically through synthetic turf or other
EN 14809 Surfaces for Sports Areas – Determination of
Vertical Deformation components of the system.
F1551 − 09 (2017)
TABLE 1 Performance Test Methods for Synthetic Turf Surfaces
Test Method Section Item Tested
Pile Fiber
D792 density (specific gravity) 9 synthetic yarn
D1577 linear density of textile fibers (denier) 10 pile of yarn on mfg. turf fabric
D1907 linear density of yarn (denier - skein method) 11 bobbin of yarn
D2256 breaking strength and elongation 12 bobbin of yarn
D3218 yarn thickness 13 synthetic yarn
D7138 melting point (Fisher-John method or DSC 14 synthetic yarn
method)
Fabric
D1335 resistance to tuft pullout 15 synthetic turf fabric
D2859 flammability of pile floor covering (methenamine 17 synthetic turf fabric
tablet)
D4158 abrasion resistance (uniform abrasion method) 18 non-infilled turf
D5034 grab tear strength 19 synthetic turf fabric
D5251 resistance to matting (tetrapod method) 20 non-infilled turf
D5793 binding sites per unit 21 synthetic turf fabric
D5823 pile height 22 synthetic turf fabric
D5848 pile fiber, mass per unit 23 synthetic turf fabric
E648 flammability of synthetic turf (flooring radiant 24 synthetic turf fabric
panel test)
F1015 relative abrasiveness of synthetic turf surfaces 25 synthetic turf fabric
Shock Absorbing Pad Component
D395 compression set under constant load 26 shock-absorbing pad
D412 Dogbone tensile & elongation (Die A) 27 shock-absorbing pad
D624 tear resistance (Die C) 28 shock-absorbing pad
D1667 compression resistance 29 shock-absorbing pad
D1876 T-peel strength of secondary pad 30 synthetic turf and pad
D2126 hydrolytic stability 31 shock-absorbing pad
D3574 tensile and elongation urethane foams 32 shock-absorbing pad
D3575 water absorption (% weight gain) 33 shock-absorbing pad
D3936 delamination strength of secondary backing 34 synthetic turf and reinforce-
ment fabric
F355 shock absorbency of playing surface systems 35 shock-absorbing pad
and materials
Turf Systems
D1667 compression resistance (modified method) 29 synthetic turf system
F355 shock absorbency of playing surface systems 35 synthetic turf system
and materials
F1015 relative abrasiveness of synthetic turf surfaces 25 synthetic turf or system
F1936 shock absorbency of playing surface systems 36 synthetic turf system
in the field
F2117 vertical rebound (acoustical measurement) 37 synthetic turf system
F2333 athletic shoe traction 38 synthetic turf or system
Other Standards – Turf Systems
AT-030 sports shoe traction 41 synthetic turf or system
DIN 18-035 water permeability of synthetic turf system 42 synthetic turf or system
EN 12234 ball roll 43 synthetic turf system
EN 12616 infiltration rate 44 synthetic turf or system
EN 14808 force reduction 45 synthetic turf system
EN 14809 vertical deformation 46 synthetic turf system
Infill Material
D5644 particle size distribution of recycled rubber 40 ground rubber
F1632 particle size analysis and sand shape grading 39 sand
4. Summary of Test Methods 5.2 The data obtained from use of these test methods are
applicable to the system and its components under conditions
4.1 The purpose of these test methods is to provide a
of the particular test procedures and are not necessarily the
comprehensive characterization of synthetic turf playing sur-
same as the data that might be obtained in other environments
faces.
or use conditions.
4.2 Specific conditions of the referenced procedures are
5.3 The selection of test methods or tests should be limited
recommended to encourage uniform application of these test
to those appropriate to the system or material(s) being evalu-
methods.
ated.
4.3 Table 1 is an index of the test methods listed herein.
6. Conditioning of Materials
5. Significance and Use
6.1 Conduct laboratory tests under known conditions of
5.1 These test methods constitute a standard for obtaining temperature and humidity as specified in the individual test
data in research and development, quality control, acceptance procedures. In the absence of specified conditions, tests must
and rejection under specifications, and for special purposes. be conducted under the standard laboratory conditions of 23 6
F1551 − 09 (2017)
2°C (73.4 6 3°F) and 65 6 5 % relative humidity. Materials 11.2 Test Method Specific Conditions:
must be conditioned, undeflected, and undistorted at the 11.2.1 Specified lengths of yarn are wound on reels as
temperature and humidity of test for at least 24 h prior to skeins, and weighed.
testing. 11.2.2 Nine meters is recommended length weighed in
grams times 1000 for denier, grams per 9000 meters.
6.2 Conduct field tests on installed, indoor or outdoor
synthetic turf playing surfaces at ambient temperature and
12. Test Method D2256, Tensile Properties of Yarns by
humidity conditions. Measure and record the temperature of
the Single Strand Method
the synthetic turf surface, shock-absorbing pad, or other
12.1 Scope:
specific components being characterized by the particular
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F1551 − 09 (Reapproved 2017) An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
Comprehensive Characterization of Synthetic Turf Playing
Surfaces and Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1551; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 These test methods establish a recommended list from
which suitable test methods shall be selected for the identifi-
2. Referenced Documents
cation of physical property characteristics and comparison of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the performance properties of synthetic turf systems or com-
2.1.1 Pile Fiber:
ponents for athletic and recreational uses, or both.
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
1.2 Some of the test procedures are suitable only for the
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
laboratory characterization of either components or the com-
D1577 Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile Fibers
plete system; others are suitable for tests on installed sports
D1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Num-
fields; and some tests may be applied in both the laboratory and
ber) by the Skein Method
the field.
D2256 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the
1.3 The test procedures included in these test methods apply
Single-Strand Method
as a group to the description of synthetic turf playing surfaces.
D3218 Specification for Polyolefin Monofilaments
D7138 Test Method to Determine Melting Temperature of
1.4 Some of the test procedures are specific for components
Synthetic Fibers
of the synthetic turf system, and others apply to the complete
2.1.2 Fabric:
synthetic turf playing surface.
D1335 Test Method for Tuft Bind of Pile Yarn Floor
1.5 Reference to the methods for testing the synthetic turf
Coverings
playing surface and its components contained herein should
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
state specifically the particular test or tests desired and not
D2859 Test Method for Ignition Characteristics of Finished
necessarily refer to these test methods as a whole.
Textile Floor Covering Materials
1.6 This is a physical property characterization standard,
D4158 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics
and it shall not be construed as a safety standard.
(Uniform Abrasion)
D5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
D5251 Practice for the Operation of the Tetrapod Walker
only.
Drum Tester (Withdrawn 2014)
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D5793 Test Method for Binding Sites per Unit Length or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Width of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D5823 Test Method for Tuft Height of Pile Floor Coverings
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D5848 Test Method for Mass Per Unit Area of Pile Yarn
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Floor Coverings
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
E648 Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
F1015 Test Method for Relative Abrasiveness of Synthetic
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1 2
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and are the direct responsibility contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
of Subcommittee F08.65 on Artificial Turf Surfaces and Systems. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F1551 – 09. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/F1551-09R17. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1551 − 09 (2017)
Turf Playing Surfaces prEN 15301-1 Surfaces for Sports Areas- Part 1. Determi-
2.1.3 Shock Absorbing Cushion Underlayment:
nation of Rotational Resistance
D395 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression Set
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas-
3. Terminology
tic Elastomers—Tension
3.1 Definitions—Terms are as defined in the referenced
D624 Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional Vul-
ASTM procedures comprising these test methods.
canized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
D1667 Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—Poly
3.2.1 fabric construction—the method of assembly of pile
(Vinyl Chloride) Foam (Closed-Cell)
ribbon and backing yarns that produces the fabric, usually
D1876 Test Method for Peel Resistance of Adhesives (T-
tufting, knitting, or weaving.
Peel Test)
D2126 Test Method for Response of Rigid Cellular Plastics
3.2.2 infilled turf system—field system having a long pile
to Thermal and Humid Aging
height and either one or more substances in the face of the
D3574 Test Methods for Flexible Cellular Materials—Slab,
fabric to provide the desired playing properties. Infill sub-
Bonded, and Molded Urethane Foams
stances can be either sand, rubber or other substances or a
D3575 Test Methods for Flexible Cellular Materials Made
combination of items.
From Olefin Polymers
3.2.3 lengthwise direction, n—in textiles, the direction in a
D3936 Test Method for Resistance to Delamination of the
machine-made fabric parallel to the direction of movement the
Secondary Backing of Pile Yarn Floor Covering
fabric followed in the manufacturing machine.
F355 Test Method for Impact Attenuation of Playing Surface
Systems, Other Protective Sport Systems, and Materials
3.2.4 matting—the extent of change of the apparent syn-
Used for Athletics, Recreation and Play
thetic turf pile thickness from the original value due to
2.1.4 Turf Systems:
permanent compression of the pile from sports use.
D1667 Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—Poly
3.2.5 pile, n—for pile fiber turf surfacing, surface texture
(Vinyl Chloride) Foam (Closed-Cell)
composed of many individual thin strands or groups of strands
F355 Test Method for Impact Attenuation of Playing Surface
bound to a backing fabric in a repetitive array.
Systems, Other Protective Sport Systems, and Materials
Used for Athletics, Recreation and Play
3.2.6 pile lay—the direction in which most of the pile fibers
F1015 Test Method for Relative Abrasiveness of Synthetic
lean in the original, uncrushed fabric.
Turf Playing Surfaces
3.2.7 secondary backing—a material adhered to the backing
F1936 Specification for Impact Attenuation of Turf Playing
side of a pile turf fabric.
Systems as Measured in the Field
F2117 Test Method for Vertical Rebound Characteristics of
3.2.8 sports shoe traction—a measure of the static or sliding
Sports Surface/Ball Systems; Acoustical Measurement
coefficient of friction between a weighted sports shoe and the
F2333 Test Method for Traction Characteristics of the Ath-
turf pile surface, horizontal motion.
letic Shoe-Sports Surface Interface
3.2.9 synthetic turf field system—composite of synthetic
2.1.4 Infill Materials:
contact surface material, any fill material used in the contact
D5644 Test Methods for Rubber Compounding Materials—
surface, energy absorbing material, fabric layers, adhesives, if
Determination of Particle Size Distribution of Recycled
any, and other constructed layers (as applicable to the indi-
Vulcanizate Particulate Rubber
vidual system construction).
F1632 Test Method for Particle Size Analysis and Sand
Shape Grading of Golf Course Putting Green and Sports
3.2.10 synthetic turf system components—the separate com-
Field Rootzone Mixes
ponents such as turf fabric, shock-absorbing pad, and adhesives
that comprise the synthetic turf playing surface when as-
2.2 Other Standards:
sembled; the subcomponents such as pile yarns and backing
AT-030 Sports Shoe Traction
yarns that comprise the turf fabric.
NOTE 1—AstroTurf® Industries internal test procedure is suitable as a
3.2.11 texture—the detailed configuration of loops, cut pile
basis for new ASTM test methods.
ends, and individual fibers in the pile layer.
DIN 18-035 Part 6—Water Permeability of Synthetic Turf
3.2.11.1 Discussion—Texture is the detailed appearance of
Systems and Permeable Bases
the pile that changes by matting, crushing, flattening, fuzzing,
EN 12234 Surfaces for Sports Areas – Determination of Ball
untwisting, etc. during exposure to service. The texture should
Roll
be distinguished from the construction, that is, the specifica-
EN 12616 Surfaces for Sports Areas – Determination of
tions of kinds of yarns, yarn sizes, and the mode of combina-
Infiltration Rate
tion.
EN 14808 Surfaces for Sports Areas- Determination of
3.2.12 water permeability—the rate at which water of a
Force Reduction
EN 14809 Surfaces for Sports Areas – Determination of specified head flows vertically through synthetic turf or other
Vertical Deformation components of the system.
F1551 − 09 (2017)
TABLE 1 Performance Test Methods for Synthetic Turf Surfaces
Test Method Section Item Tested
Pile Fiber
D792 density (specific gravity) 9 synthetic yarn
D1577 linear density of textile fibers (denier) 10 pile of yarn on mfg. turf fabric
D1907 linear density of yarn (denier - skein method) 11 bobbin of yarn
D2256 breaking strength and elongation 12 bobbin of yarn
D3218 yarn thickness 13 synthetic yarn
D7138 melting point (Fisher-John method or DSC 14 synthetic yarn
method)
Fabric
D1335 resistance to tuft pullout 15 synthetic turf fabric
D2859 flammability of pile floor covering (methenamine 17 synthetic turf fabric
tablet)
D4158 abrasion resistance (uniform abrasion method) 18 non-infilled turf
D5034 grab tear strength 19 synthetic turf fabric
D5251 resistance to matting (tetrapod method) 20 non-infilled turf
D5793 binding sites per unit 21 synthetic turf fabric
D5823 pile height 22 synthetic turf fabric
D5848 pile fiber, mass per unit 23 synthetic turf fabric
E648 flammability of synthetic turf (flooring radiant 24 synthetic turf fabric
panel test)
F1015 relative abrasiveness of synthetic turf surfaces 25 synthetic turf fabric
Shock Absorbing Pad Component
D395 compression set under constant load 26 shock-absorbing pad
D412 Dogbone tensile & elongation (Die A) 27 shock-absorbing pad
D624 tear resistance (Die C) 28 shock-absorbing pad
D1667 compression resistance 29 shock-absorbing pad
D1876 T-peel strength of secondary pad 30 synthetic turf and pad
D2126 hydrolytic stability 31 shock-absorbing pad
D3574 tensile and elongation urethane foams 32 shock-absorbing pad
D3575 water absorption (% weight gain) 33 shock-absorbing pad
D3936 delamination strength of secondary backing 34 synthetic turf and reinforce-
ment fabric
F355 shock absorbency of playing surface systems 35 shock-absorbing pad
and materials
Turf Systems
D1667 compression resistance (modified method) 29 synthetic turf system
F355 shock absorbency of playing surface systems 35 synthetic turf system
and materials
F1015 relative abrasiveness of synthetic turf surfaces 25 synthetic turf or system
F1936 shock absorbency of playing surface systems 36 synthetic turf system
in the field
F2117 vertical rebound (acoustical measurement) 37 synthetic turf system
F2333 athletic shoe traction 38 synthetic turf or system
Other Standards – Turf Systems
AT-030 sports shoe traction 41 synthetic turf or system
DIN 18-035 water permeability of synthetic turf system 42 synthetic turf or system
EN 12234 ball roll 43 synthetic turf system
EN 12616 infiltration rate 44 synthetic turf or system
EN 14808 force reduction 45 synthetic turf system
EN 14809 vertical deformation 46 synthetic turf system
Infill Material
D5644 particle size distribution of recycled rubber 40 ground rubber
F1632 particle size analysis and sand shape grading 39 sand
4. Summary of Test Methods 5.2 The data obtained from use of these test methods are
applicable to the system and its components under conditions
4.1 The purpose of these test methods is to provide a
of the particular test procedures and are not necessarily the
comprehensive characterization of synthetic turf playing sur-
same as the data that might be obtained in other environments
faces.
or use conditions.
4.2 Specific conditions of the referenced procedures are
5.3 The selection of test methods or tests should be limited
recommended to encourage uniform application of these test
to those appropriate to the system or material(s) being evalu-
methods.
ated.
4.3 Table 1 is an index of the test methods listed herein.
6. Conditioning of Materials
5. Significance and Use
6.1 Conduct laboratory tests under known conditions of
5.1 These test methods constitute a standard for obtaining temperature and humidity as specified in the individual test
data in research and development, quality control, acceptance procedures. In the absence of specified conditions, tests must
and rejection under specifications, and for special purposes. be conducted under the standard laboratory conditions of 23 6
F1551 − 09 (2017)
2°C (73.4 6 3°F) and 65 6 5 % relative humidity. Materials 11.2 Test Method Specific Conditions:
must be conditioned, undeflected, and undistorted at the 11.2.1 Specified lengths of yarn are wound on reels as
temperature and humidity of test for at least 24 h prior to skeins, and weighed.
testing. 11.2.2 Nine meters is recommended length weighed in
grams times 1000 for denier, grams per 9000 meters.
6.2 Conduct field tests on installed, indoor or outdoor
synthetic turf playing surfaces at ambient temperature and
12. Test Method D2256, Tensile Properties of Yarns by
humidity conditions. Measure and record the temperature of
the Single Strand Method
the synthetic turf surface, shock-absorbing pad, or other
12.1 Scope:
specific components being characterized by the particular test.
12.1.1 This test procedure des
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1551 − 09 F1551 − 09 (Reapproved 2017) An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
Comprehensive Characterization of Synthetic Turf Playing
Surfaces and Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1551; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods establish a recommended list from which suitable test methods shall be selected for the identification
of physical property characteristics and comparison of the performance properties of synthetic turf systems or components for
athletic and recreational uses, or both.
1.2 Some of the test procedures are suitable only for the laboratory characterization of either components or the complete
system; others are suitable for tests on installed sports fields; and some tests may be applied in both the laboratory and the field.
1.3 The test procedures included in these test methods apply as a group to the description of synthetic turf playing surfaces.
1.4 Some of the test procedures are specific for components of the synthetic turf system, and others apply to the complete
synthetic turf playing surface.
1.5 Reference to the methods for testing the synthetic turf playing surface and its components contained herein should state
specifically the particular test or tests desired and not necessarily refer to these test methods as a whole.
1.6 This is a physical property characterization standard, and it shall not be construed as a safety standard.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2.1.1 Pile Fiber:
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D1577 Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile Fibers
D1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Number) by the Skein Method
D2256 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method
D3218 Specification for Polyolefin Monofilaments
D7138 Test Method to Determine Melting Temperature of Synthetic Fibers
2.1.2 Fabric:
D1335 Test Method for Tuft Bind of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D2859 Test Method for Ignition Characteristics of Finished Textile Floor Covering Materials
D4158 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Uniform Abrasion)
D5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F08.65 on Artificial Turf Surfaces and Systems.
Current edition approved July 1, 2009Dec. 1, 2017. Published August 2009December 2017. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
F1551 – 03.F1551 – 09. DOI: 10.1520/F1551-09.10.1520/F1551-09R17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1551 − 09 (2017)
D5251 Practice for the Operation of the Tetrapod Walker Drum Tester (Withdrawn 2014)
D5793 Test Method for Binding Sites per Unit Length or Width of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
D5823 Test Method for Tuft Height of Pile Floor Coverings
D5848 Test Method for Mass Per Unit Area of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
E648 Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
F1015 Test Method for Relative Abrasiveness of Synthetic Turf Playing Surfaces
2.1.3 Shock Absorbing Cushion Underlayment:
D395 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression Set
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers—Tension
D624 Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers
D1667 Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Foam (Closed-Cell)
D1876 Test Method for Peel Resistance of Adhesives (T-Peel Test)
D2126 Test Method for Response of Rigid Cellular Plastics to Thermal and Humid Aging
D3574 Test Methods for Flexible Cellular Materials—Slab, Bonded, and Molded Urethane Foams
D3575 Test Methods for Flexible Cellular Materials Made From Olefin Polymers
D3936 Test Method for Resistance to Delamination of the Secondary Backing of Pile Yarn Floor Covering
F355 Test Method for Impact Attenuation of Playing Surface Systems, Other Protective Sport Systems, and Materials Used for
Athletics, Recreation and Play
2.1.4 Turf Systems:
D1667 Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Foam (Closed-Cell)
F355 Test Method for Impact Attenuation of Playing Surface Systems, Other Protective Sport Systems, and Materials Used for
Athletics, Recreation and Play
F1015 Test Method for Relative Abrasiveness of Synthetic Turf Playing Surfaces
F1936 Specification for Impact Attenuation of Turf Playing Systems as Measured in the Field
F2117 Test Method for Vertical Rebound Characteristics of Sports Surface/Ball Systems; Acoustical Measurement
F2333 Test Method for Traction Characteristics of the Athletic Shoe-Sports Surface Interface
2.1.4 Infill Materials:
D5644 Test Methods for Rubber Compounding Materials—Determination of Particle Size Distribution of Recycled Vulcanizate
Particulate Rubber
F1632 Test Method for Particle Size Analysis and Sand Shape Grading of Golf Course Putting Green and Sports Field Rootzone
Mixes
2.2 Other Standards:
AT-030 Sports Shoe Traction
NOTE 1—AstroTurf® Industries internal test procedure is suitable as a basis for new ASTM test methods.
DIN 18-035 Part 6—Water Permeability of Synthetic Turf Systems and Permeable Bases
EN 12234 Surfaces for Sports Areas – Determination of Ball Roll
EN 12616 Surfaces for Sports Areas – Determination of Infiltration Rate
EN 14808 Surfaces for Sports Areas- Determination of Force Reduction
EN 14809 Surfaces for Sports Areas – Determination of Vertical Deformation
prEN 15301-1 Surfaces for Sports Areas- Part 1. Determination of Rotational Resistance
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terms are as defined in the referenced ASTM procedures comprising these test methods.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 fabric construction—the method of assembly of pile ribbon and backing yarns that produces the fabric, usually tufting,
knitting, or weaving.
3.2.2 infilled turf system—field system having a long pile height and either one or more substances in the face of the fabric to
provide the desired playing properties. Infill substances can be either sand, rubber or other substances or a combination of items.
3.2.3 lengthwise direction, n—in textiles, the direction in a machine-made fabric parallel to the direction of movement the fabric
followed in the manufacturing machine.
3.2.4 matting—the extent of change of the apparent synthetic turf pile thickness from the original value due to permanent
compression of the pile from sports use.
3.2.5 pile, n—for pile fiber turf surfacing, surface texture composed of many individual thin strands or groups of strands bound
to a backing fabric in a repetitive array.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
F1551 − 09 (2017)
3.2.6 pile lay—the direction in which most of the pile fibers lean in the original, uncrushed fabric.
3.2.7 secondary backing—a material adhered to the backing side of a pile turf fabric.
3.2.8 sports shoe traction—a measure of the static or sliding coefficient of friction between a weighted sports shoe and the turf
pile surface, horizontal motion.
3.2.9 synthetic turf field system—composite of synthetic contact surface material, any fill material used in the contact surface,
energy absorbing material, fabric layers, adhesives, if any, and other constructed layers (as applicable to the individual system
construction).
3.2.10 synthetic turf system components—the separate components such as turf fabric, shock-absorbing pad, and adhesives that
comprise the synthetic turf playing surface when assembled; the subcomponents such as pile yarns and backing yarns that comprise
the turf fabric.
3.2.11 texture—the detailed configuration of loops, cut pile ends, and individual fibers in the pile layer.
3.2.11.1 Discussion—
Texture is the detailed appearance of the pile that changes by matting, crushing, flattening, fuzzing, untwisting, etc. during
exposure to service. The texture should be distinguished from the construction, that is, the specifications of kinds of yarns, yarn
sizes, and the mode of combination.
3.2.12 water permeability—the rate at which water of a specified head flows vertically through synthetic turf or other
components of the system.
4. Summary of Test Methods
4.1 The purpose of these test methods is to provide a comprehensive characterization of synthetic turf playing surfaces.
4.2 Specific conditions of the referenced procedures are recommended to encourage uniform application of these test methods.
4.3 Table 1 is an index of the test methods listed herein.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 These test methods constitute a standard for obtaining data in research and development, quality control, acceptance and
rejection under specifications, and for special purposes.
5.2 The data obtained from use of these test methods are applicable to the system and its components under conditions of the
particular test procedures and are not necessarily the same as the data that might be obtained in other environments or use
conditions.
5.3 The selection of test methods or tests should be limited to those appropriate to the system or material(s) being evaluated.
6. Conditioning of Materials
6.1 Conduct laboratory tests under known conditions of temperature and humidity as specified in the individual test procedures.
In the absence of specified conditions, tests must be conducted under the standard laboratory conditions of 23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3°F)
and 65 6 5 % relative humidity. Materials must be conditioned, undeflected, and undistorted at the temperature and humidity of
test for at least 24 h prior to testing.
6.2 Conduct field tests on installed, indoor or outdoor synthetic turf playing surfaces at ambient temperature and humidity
conditions. Measure and record the temperature of the synthetic turf surface, shock-absorbing pad, or other specific components
being characterized by the particular test.
7. Sampling
7.1 For laboratory tests, select representative samples of components, in accordance with specific sampling instructions of the
test procedure, when provided.
7.2 For field tests, specify locations on the synthetic turf playing surface where tests are conducted.
8. Application of Test Procedures
8.1 References to the test procedures stated herein are to be followed with regard to the apparatus, preparation of specimens,
procedures, calculations, and reporting of results, except when different conditions are noted specifically in these test methods.
8.2 Precision and bias statements are given for each test procedure in the respective test methods.
8.3 Test procedures shall be followed except when test method-specific conditions are provided.
F1551 − 09 (2017)
TABLE 1 Performance Test Methods for Synthetic Turf Surfaces
Test Method Section Item Tested
Pile Fiber
D792 density (specific gravity) 9 synthetic yarn
D1577 linear density of textile fibers (denier) 10 pile of yarn on mfg. turf fabric
D1907 linear density of yarn (denier - skein method) 11 bobbin of yarn
D2256 breaking strength and elongation 12 bobbin of yarn
D3218 yarn thickness 13 synthetic yarn
D7138 melting point (Fisher-John method or DSC 14 synthetic yarn
method)
Fabric
D1335 resistance to tuft pullout 15 synthetic turf fabric
D2859 flammability of pile floor covering (methenamine 17 synthetic turf fabric
tablet)
D4158 abrasion resistance (uniform abrasion method) 18 non-infilled turf
D5034 grab tear strength 19 synthetic turf fabric
D5251 resistance to matting (tetrapod method) 20 non-infilled turf
D5793 binding sites per unit 21 synthetic turf fabric
D5823 pile height 22 synthetic turf fabric
D5848 pile fiber, mass per unit 23 synthetic turf fabric
E648 flammability of synthetic turf (flooring radiant 24 synthetic turf fabric
panel test)
F1015 relative abrasiveness of synthetic turf surfaces 25 synthetic turf fabric
Shock Absorbing Pad Component
D395 compression set under constant load 26 shock-absorbing pad
D412 Dogbone tensile & elongation (Die A) 27 shock-absorbing pad
D624 tear resistance (Die C) 28 shock-absorbing pad
D1667 compression resistance 29 shock-absorbing pad
D1876 T-peel strength of secondary pad 30 synthetic turf and pad
D2126 hydrolytic stability 31 shock-absorbing pad
D3574 tensile and elongation urethane foams 32 shock-absorbing pad
D3575 water absorption (% weight gain) 33 shock-absorbing pad
D3936 delamination strength of secondary backing 34 synthetic turf and reinforce-
ment fabric
F355 shock absorbency of playing surface systems 35 shock-absorbing pad
and materials
Turf Systems
D1667 compression resistance (modified method) 29 synthetic turf system
F355 shock absorbency of playing surface systems 35 synthetic turf system
and materials
F1015 relative abrasiveness of synthetic turf surfaces 25 synthetic turf or system
F1936 shock absorbency of playing surface systems 36 synthe
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