ASTM C1455-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Nondestructive Assay of Special Nuclear Material Holdup Using Gamma-Ray Spectroscopic Methods
Standard Test Method for Nondestructive Assay of Special Nuclear Material Holdup Using Gamma-Ray Spectroscopic Methods
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Measurement results from this test method assists in demonstrating regulatory compliance in such areas as safeguards SNM inventory control, criticality control, waste disposal, and decontamination and decommissioning (D&D). This test method can apply to the measurement of holdup in process equipment or discrete items whose gamma-ray absorption properties may be measured or estimated. This method may be adequate to accurately measure items with complex distributions of radioactive and attenuating material, however, the results are subject to larger measurement uncertainties than measurements of less complex distributions of radioactive material.
5.2 Scan—A scan is used to provide a qualitative indication of the extent, location, and the relative quantity of holdup. It can be used to plan or supplement the quantitative measurements.
5.3 Nuclide Mapping—Nuclide mapping measures the relative isotopic composition of the holdup at specific locations. It can also be used to detect the presence of radionuclides that emit radiation which could interfere with the assay. Nuclide mapping is best performed using a high resolution detector (such as HPGe) for best nuclide and interference detection. If the holdup is not isotopically homogeneous at the measurement location, that measured isotopic composition will not be a reliable estimate of the bulk isotopic composition.
5.4 Quantitative Measurements—These measurements result in quantification of the mass of the measured nuclides in the holdup. They include all the corrections, such as attenuation, and descriptive information, such as isotopic composition, that are available
5.4.1 High quality results require detailed knowledge of radiation sources and detectors, transmission of radiation, calibration, facility operations and error analysis. Judicious use of subject matter experts is required (Guide C1490).
5.5 Holdup Monitoring—Periodic re-measurement of holdup at a defined point using the same technique and...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes gamma-ray methods used to nondestructively measure the quantity of 235U or 239Pu present as holdup in nuclear facilities. Holdup may occur in any facility where nuclear material is processed, in process equipment, in exhaust ventilation systems and in building walls and floors.
1.2 This test method includes information useful for management, planning, selection of equipment, consideration of interferences, measurement program definition, and the utilization of resources (1, 2, 3, 4) .2
1.3 The measurement of nuclear material hold up in process equipment requires a scientific knowledge of radiation sources and detectors, transmission of radiation, calibration, facility operations and uncertainty analysis. It is subject to the constraints of the facility, management, budget, and schedule; plus health and safety requirements. The measurement process includes defining measurement uncertainties and is sensitive to the form and distribution of the material, various backgrounds, and interferences. The work includes investigation of material distributions within a facility, which could include potentially large holdup surface areas. Nuclear material held up in pipes, ductwork, gloveboxes, and heavy equipment, is usually distributed in a diffuse and irregular manner. It is difficult to define the measurement geometry, to identify the form of the material, and to measure it without interference from adjacent sources of radiation.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C1455 − 14
StandardTest Method for
Nondestructive Assay of Special Nuclear Material Holdup
1
Using Gamma-Ray Spectroscopic Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1455; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method describes gamma-ray methods used to
235 239
C1490 GuidefortheSelection,TrainingandQualificationof
nondestructively measure the quantity of Uor Pu present
Nondestructive Assay (NDA) Personnel
as holdup in nuclear facilities. Holdup may occur in any
C1592 Guide for Nondestructive Assay Measurements
facility where nuclear material is processed, in process
C1673 Terminology of C26.10 NondestructiveAssay Meth-
equipment,inexhaustventilationsystemsandinbuildingwalls
ods
and floors.
4
2.2 ANSI Standards:
1.2 This test method includes information useful for
ANSI N15.36 Measurement Control Program—
management, planning, selection of equipment, consideration
Nondestructive Assay Measurement Control and Assur-
of interferences, measurement program definition, and the
ance Systems
2
utilization of resources (1, 2, 3, 4).
ANSI N15.56 Nondestructive Assay Measurements of
Nuclear Material Holdup: General Provisions
1.3 The measurement of nuclear material hold up in process
equipment requires a scientific knowledge of radiation sources
2.3 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulatory
5
and detectors, transmission of radiation, calibration, facility
Guides:
operations and uncertainty analysis. It is subject to the con-
Regulatory Guide 5.23, In SituAssay of Plutonium Residual
straints of the facility, management, budget, and schedule; plus
Holdup
health and safety requirements. The measurement process
includes defining measurement uncertainties and is sensitive to
3. Terminology
the form and distribution of the material, various backgrounds,
3.1 Refer to Terminology C1673 for definitions used in this
and interferences. The work includes investigation of material
test method.
distributions within a facility, which could include potentially
large holdup surface areas. Nuclear material held up in pipes,
4. Summary of Test Method
ductwork, gloveboxes, and heavy equipment, is usually dis-
4.1 Introduction—Holdup measurements range from the
tributedinadiffuseandirregularmanner.Itisdifficulttodefine
solitary assay of a single item or routine measurement of a
themeasurementgeometry,toidentifytheformofthematerial,
piece of equipment, to an extensive campaign of determining
andtomeasureitwithoutinterferencefromadjacentsourcesof
the total SNM in-process inventory for a processing plant.
radiation.
Holdup measurements differ from other nondestructive mea-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
surement methods in that the assays are performed in situ on
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
equipment or items instead of on multiple items with similar
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
characteristics measured in a specialized, isolated room. Often
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the chemical form and geometric distribution of the SNM are
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
not well known. These challenges require unique preparation
1 3
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.10 on Non contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Destructive Assay. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originally the ASTM website.
4
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C1455 – 07. DOI: Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/C1455-14. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
2 5
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of Available from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC,
this standard. 20555.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1455 − 14
for every measurement to obtain a quality result. Unknown background, gamma-ray attenuation effects by equipment
measurement parameters can lead to large measurement uncer- walls, and measured area background. As appro
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1455 − 07 C1455 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Nondestructive Assay of Special Nuclear Material Holdup
1
Using Gamma-Ray Spectroscopic Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1455; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
235 239
1.1 This test method describes gamma-ray methods used to nondestructively measure the quantity of U,U or Pu
remainingpresent as holdup in nuclear facilities. Holdup occurs in all facilitiesmay occur in any facility where nuclear material is
processed, in process equipment, in exhaust ventilation systems and in building walls and floors.
1.2 This test method includes information useful for management, planning, selection of equipment, consideration of
2
interferences, measurement program definition, and the utilization of resources (1, 2, 3, 4).
1.3 The measurement of nuclear material hold up in process equipment requires a scientific knowledge of radiation sources and
detectors, transmission of radiation, calibration, facility operations and erroruncertainty analysis. It is subject to the constraints of
the facility, management, budget, and schedule; plus health and safety requirements; as well as the laws of physics. requirements.
The measurement process includes defining measurement uncertainties and is sensitive to the form and distribution of the material,
various backgrounds, and interferences. The work includes investigation of material distributions within a facility, which could
include potentially large holdup surface areas. Nuclear material held up in pipes, ductwork, gloveboxes, and heavy equipment, is
usually distributed in a diffuse and irregular manner. It is difficult to define the measurement geometry, to identify the form of the
material, and to measure it without interference from adjacent sources of radiation.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1009 Guide for Establishing and Maintaining a Quality Assurance Program for Analytical Laboratories Within the Nuclear
Industry
C1490 Guide for the Selection, Training and Qualification of Nondestructive Assay (NDA) Personnel
C1592 Guide for Nondestructive Assay Measurements
C1673 Terminology of C26.10 Nondestructive Assay Methods
4
2.2 ANSI Standards:
ANSI N15.20N15.36 Guide to Calibrating Nondestructive Assay Measurement Control Program—Nondestructive Assay
Measurement Control and Assurance Systems
ANSI N15.56 Nondestructive Assay Measurements of Nuclear Material Holdup: General Provisions
5
2.3 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulatory Guides:
Regulatory Guide 5.23, In Situ Assay of Plutonium Residual Holdup
3. Terminology
3.1 Refer to Terminology C1673 for definitions used in this test method.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.10 on Non Destructive
Assay.
Current edition approved June 1, 2007Jan. 1, 2014. Published July 2007March 2014. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20002007 as
C1455 – 00.C1455 – 07. DOI: 10.1520/C1455-07.10.1520/C1455-14.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
5
Available from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC, 20555.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1455 − 14
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Introduction—Holdup measurements range from the solitary assay of a single item toor routine measurement of a piece of
equipment, to an extensive campaign of determin
...
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