ASTM F2634-15(2021)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Laboratory Testing of Polyethylene (PE) Butt Fusion Joints using Tensile-Impact Method
Standard Test Method for Laboratory Testing of Polyethylene (PE) Butt Fusion Joints using Tensile-Impact Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is designed to impart tensile impact energy to a butt fused plastic pipe specimen, record the energy to fail the specimen and plot the load over time curve of the tensile test. Energy recorded at yield and rupture and the rupture mode (brittle or ductile) are used as criteria in the evaluation of the butt fusion joint. The evaluation of the force/time curve not only makes it possible to compare different butt fusion parameters but also to evaluate the rupture mode of the specimen to determine joint integrity. Each coupon's test results will usually be compared to test results for coupons machined from the base pipe material, un-fused.
4.1.1 These data are also useful for qualitative characterization and for research and development. For many materials, there may be a specification that requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method.
4.2 Tensile properties may vary with specimen preparation and with speed and environment of testing. Consequently, where precise comparative results are desired, these factors must be carefully controlled.
4.2.1 It is realized that a material cannot be tested without also testing the method of preparation of that material. Hence, when comparative tests of materials per se are desired, the greatest care must be exercised to ensure that all specimens are prepared in exactly the same way, unless the test is to include the effects of specimen preparation. While care must be taken to secure the maximum degree of uniformity in details of preparation, treatment, and handling, the exact dimensions of the test specimens are entered into the Data Acquisition System (DAS) before initiating the test.
SCOPE
1.1 This is a tensile impact test method that develops enough tensile impact energy at specific rates of strain to rupture standard tensile impact specimens of butt fused plastic pipe. It is used to determine the quality of PE butt fusion joints made in the field or in qualification testing. It can also be used to determine the optimum butt fusion joining parameters of PE materials.
1.2 This test method is applicable for testing pipe specimens with a diameter 2.37 in. (60.3 mm) and larger with a wall thickness from 0.25 in. (6.3 mm) and larger.
Note 1: This test method is similar to ISO 13953.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This test method may be used alone or together with other test methods, to evaluate the quality of the butt fused joints. When this test, conducted at laboratory temperatures per 9.2, is combined with the elevated temperature, sustained pressure test in Specification D3035, both the short term and long term strength of the PE butt fusion joint will be verified.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2634 − 15 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Test Method for
Laboratory Testing of Polyethylene (PE) Butt Fusion Joints
using Tensile-Impact Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2634; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This is a tensile impact test method that develops
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
enough tensile impact energy at specific rates of strain to
D2513 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Gas Pressure
rupture standard tensile impact specimens of butt fused plastic
Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
pipe. It is used to determine the quality of PE butt fusion joints
D3035 SpecificationforPolyethylene(PE)PlasticPipe(DR-
made in the field or in qualification testing. It can also be used
PR) Based on Controlled Outside Diameter
to determine the optimum butt fusion joining parameters of PE
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
materials.
ASTM Test Methods
1.2 Thistestmethodisapplicablefortestingpipespecimens
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
with a diameter 2.37 in. (60.3 mm) and larger with a wall
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
thickness from 0.25 in. (6.3 mm) and larger.
2.2 ISO Standard
NOTE 1—This test method is similar to ISO 13953. ISO 13953 Polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings - Determi-
nation of the tensile strength and failure mode of test
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
pieces from a butt-fused joint
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3. Terminology
and are not considered standard.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 This test method may be used alone or together with
3.1.1 brittle rupture —Abrittle rupture in a butt fusion joint
other test methods, to evaluate the quality of the butt fused
specimen consists of a clean or nearly clean part between the
joints.Whenthistest,conductedatlaboratorytemperaturesper
joining surfaces resulting in a smooth surface on both sides.
9.2, is combined with the elevated temperature, sustained
(See Fig. 1.)
pressure test in Specification D3035, both the short term and
3.1.2 ductile rupture—Aductileruptureinabuttfusionjoint
long term strength of the PE butt fusion joint will be verified.
specimen consists of either an elongation rupture of the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
machined pipe outside the joint area (see Fig. 2) or adjacent to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the butt fusion joint interface but resulting in considerable
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
material tearing between the pipe end surfaces (see Fig. 3).
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.3 maximum force—the maximum force obtained during
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the test.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.4 rupture energy—the energy required to rupture the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
coupon.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.5 yield point —The point on the force/time curve where
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
significant plastic deformation begins to occur. For the pur-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
poses of this standard, this is defined as occurring at zero slope
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
point on the force/time curve.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on Test contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Methods. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published December 2021. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as F2634 – 15. DOI: Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de
10.1520/F2634-15R21. Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.ch.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2634 − 15 (2021)
FIG. 1 Brittle Rupture
FIG. 2 Ductile Rupture Outside Fusion Interface
FIG. 3 Ductile Rupture Adjacent to Fusion Interface
3.1.6 yield energy —The energy imparted to the coupon by 4.1.1 These data are also useful for qualitative characteriza-
the yield point. tion and for research and development. For many materials,
there may be a specification that requires the use of this test
3.1.7 average velocity—Theaveragevelocityistheaverage
method, but with some procedural modifications that take
crosshead speed for the duration (until coupon rupture) of the
precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is
tensile test (inches/ sec.)
advisabletorefertothatmaterialspecificationbeforeusingthis
3.1.8 instantaneous velocity—The crosshead velocity at
test method.
any discrete point during the test. This may be plotted to show
4.2 Tensile properties may vary with specimen preparation
the consistency of the velocity profile through the duration of
and with speed and environment of testing. Consequently,
the test.
where precise comparative results are desired, these factors
3.1.9 yield stress—The stress value corresponding to the
must be carefully controlled.
yield point.
4.2.1 It is realized that a material cannot be tested without
3.1.9.1 Discussion—Additional definitions of terms apply-
also testing the method of preparation of that material. Hence,
ing to tensile test methods appear in Terminology D883.
when comparative tests of materials per se are desired, the
greatest care must be exercised to ensure that all specimens are
4. Significance and Use
prepared in exactly the same way, unless the test is to include
4.1 This test method is designed to impart tensile impact
the effects of specimen preparation. While care must be taken
energy to a butt fused plastic pipe specimen, record the energy
to secure the maximum degree of uniformity in details of
to fail the specimen and plot the load over time curve of the
preparation, treatment, and handling, the exact dimensions of
tensile test. Energy recorded at yield and rupture and the
thetestspecimensareenteredintotheDataAcquisitionSystem
rupture mode (brittle or ductile) are used as criteria in the
(DAS) before initiating the test.
evaluation of the butt fusion joint. The evaluation of the
force/time curve not only makes it possible to compare
5. Apparatus
different butt fusion parameters but also to evaluate the rupture
mode of the specimen to determine joint integrity. Each 5.1 Testing Machine, A testing machine of the controlled
coupon’stestresultswillusuallybecomparedtotestresultsfor rate-of-crosshead-movement type and comprising essentially
coupons machined from the base pipe material, un-fused. the following:
F2634 − 15 (2021)
5.1.1 Fixed Member, a fixed or essentially stationary mem- 5.2 Measuring Instrument, Apparatus for measuring the
ber with tooling to pin a standard pipe specimen configuration. width and thickness of the test specimen shall maintain an
5.1.2 Movable Member, a movable member with tooling to accuracy within .001 in. of gage.
pin a standard pipe specimen configuration.
5.1.3 Tooling for specimens, Fixed clevis members attached
6. Test Specimens
to the testing machine for pinning the test specimen between
6.1 Butt Fusion and Pipe Specimen—The test specimen
the fixed member and the movable member of the testing
shall conform to the dimensions shown in Fig. 4 depending on
machine. When the test specimen is inserted and pinned into
the wall thickness of the specimen. Test specimens of butt
the tooling, the long axis of the test specimen will coincide
fusedpipeshallhavethebeadremainontheoutsideandinside.
with the direction of pull through the centerline of the
6.1.1 Preparation—Test specimens shall be prepared by
assembly.
machining operations on butt fused sections of pipe and on the
5.1.4 Drive Mechanism, a drive mechanism for imparting to
pipe itself. The machining operations shall result in a smooth
the movable member a uniform, controlled velocity with
surface on both sides of the reduced area with no notches or
respect to the stationary member, with this velocity to be
gouges.
regulated as specified in Section 6.3.
5.1.5 Recording Mechanism (not shown), The testing ma-
6.2 Finishing—All surfaces of the specimen shall be free of
chine shall have sensors and data entry instrumentation to visible flaws, scratches, or imperfections. Marks left by coarse
record the date, specimen number, pipe size, pipe material,
machining operations shall be carefully removed with a fine
force curve, energy curve, velocity curve to compare the butt file or abrasive, and the filed surfaces shall then be smoothed
fused specimen to a control specimen of the pipe material or
with abrasive paper (600 grit or finer). The finishing sanding
another butt fusion specimen. The minimum sampling rate of strokes shall be made in a direction parallel to the longitudinal
the DAS shall be 1 KHz.
axis of the test specimen. In machining a specimen, undercuts
5.1.6 Load Indicator, A suitable load-indicating instrument that would exceed the dimensional tolerances shall be scrupu-
capable of showing the total tensile load carried by the test
lously avoided.
specimen when held by the tooling. This mechanism shall
6.3 Marking—When marking the specimens, use a perma-
indicate the load with an accuracy of 61 % of the indicated
nent marker of a color that will be easily read or engrave the
value, or better.
specimen number in the area outside the hole. Do not engrave
5.1.7 Impact Mechanism, The impact load is imparted by
in the gage portion of the coupon.
allowing 0.25 in. (6.4 mm) minimum free movement of the
drive mechanism before applying the load to the specimen.
7. Number of Test Specimens
5.1.8 Position Indicator (not shown), A suitable position
indicating instrument capable of indicating position. This 7.1 Testatleastfourspecimensfrombuttfusedorplainpipe
mechanism shall indicate the position of the movable member sections 90° apart for pipe sizes 4 in. and larger. Test two
with an accuracy of 61 % of the indicated value, or better. specimens from butt fused or plain pipe sections 180° apart
All machined surfaces 125 RMS or better
Tolerances: Fraction or whole number -- 6 .032”, 0.xx dimensions –6 .010,
0.xxx dimensions –6 .005
Dimensions are in inches
FIG. 4 Test Specimen (Not to Scale)
F2634 − 15 (2021)
(top center and bottom center) for pipe sizes 2 in. to 4 in. It is D 5 P 2 P (1)
~ !
n n 0
advisable to take as many samples from a fused pipe section as
10.3 Calculate instantaneous velocity (V ) as follows:
n
is practicable.
D 2 D
~ !
n n21
V 5 (2)
n 21
~SR!
8. Speed of Testing
10.4 Calculate average velocity (V ) as follows:
8.1 Speed of the tensile impact testing shall be relative to n
r
the modulus of elasticity and wall thickness of the plastic pipe
V 5 V (3)
materials.
avg ( n
r
i51
8.2 Choose the speed of testing from Table 1. Determine
10.5 Calculate test specimen engineering area (A) as fol-
thischosenspeedoftestingbythespecificationforthematerial
lows:
being tested, or by agreement between those concerned.
A 5 t*w (4)
9. Conditioning
10.6 Calculate tensile stress (σ ) as follows:
n
9.1 Conditioning—Condition the test specimens at 73.4 °F
F
n
σ 5 (5)
n
6 3.6 °F (23 6 2°C) for not less than 1 h prior to test.
A
9.2 Test Conditions—Conduct the tests at 73.4 °F 6 3.6 °F
10.7 Calculate cumulative energy (E ) (at any point) as
n
(23 °C 6 2 °C) unless otherwise specified by contract or the
follows:
relevant ASTM material specification.
n
E F * D 2 D (6)
~ !
n( i i i21
i51
10. Calculations
10.1 Definitions: 11. Procedure
11.1 Set up the machine and set the speed of testing to the
P = Indicated position of movable member at any given
n
proper rate as required in Section 8.
time
n
P = Indicated initial position of movable member 11.2 Measurethewidthandwallthicknessofeachspecimen
P = Indicated position of movable member at time n-1
in the gage section to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm). Each
n-1
(previous indicated value)
dimension shall be measured in a minimum of three places in
F = Indicated Force at any given time
n n the gage section and the smallest measured value shall be
D = Displacement from initial position P
n 0 recorded in the DAS.
V = Instantaneous velocity at any given time n
n
11.3 Pin each specimen in the clevis tooling of the testing
V = Average test velocity
avg
machine. This will align the long axis of the specimen and the
E = Cumulative Energy applied to the test specimen from
n
tooling with the direction of pull of the machine. See Fig. 5.
beginning of test to any given time n
E = Cumulative Energy at yield point
y 11.4 Enter all appropriate data.
E = Cumulative Energy at rupture point
r
11.5 Perform the test. For each specimen, the data acquisi-
σ = Tensile stress at any given time n
n
tion system shall record the force curve over time and the
t = Test specimen minimum gage section thickness
position curve over time at the minimum sampling rate given
w = Test specimen minimum wall thickness
in 5.1.5.
A = Test specimen cross sectional area
y = Time at yield point
12. Report
r = Time at rupture
SR = Sampling rate on data acquisition system 12.1 Report the following information:
12.1.1 Completeidentificationofthetestspecimensinclud-
10.2 Calculate Displacement (D ) as follows:
n
ing the pipe size and DR, material tested including manufac-
turer’s code numbers, and related applicable standards, date,
TABLE 1 Test Speed—Tolerance= + .5 in./s (+ 12.7 mm/s to –
who performed the test, testing company and any other data
25.4mm/s)
that would help evaluate the joints.
Tensile Impact
12.1.2 Individual test record for each specimen tested with
Pipe Material Standard Wall Thickness Testing Speed
Polyethylene Pip
...
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