ASTM D1474/D1474M-13(2018)

Standard Test Methods for Indentation Hardness of Organic Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Indentation hardness measurements have proven to be useful in rating coatings on rigid substrates for their resistance to mechanical abuse, such as that produced by blows, gouging, and scratching. These measurements do not necessarily characterize the resistance to mechanical abuse of coatings that are required to remain intact when deformed.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the indentation hardness of organic materials such as dried paint, varnish, and lacquer coatings, when applied to an acceptable plane rigid surface, for example, metal or glass.  
1.2 Two methods are covered as follows:    
Sections  
Method A—Knoop Indentation Hardness  
6 – 12  
Method B—Pfund Indentation Hardness  
13 – 19  
1.3 Method A, which has the greater precision, provides hardness values in terms of Knoop Hardness Number (KHN). Method B provides hardness in terms of Pfund Hardness Number (PHN). Although the hardness value scales of these methods differ, the methods agree in the ranking of coating hardness.  
1.4 Test Method A of these test methods is similar in content (but not technically equivalent) to ISO 6441-1 and ISO 6441-2.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2018
• ICS: 25.220.60 - Organic coatings
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.23 - Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1474/D1474M − 13 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Indentation Hardness of Organic Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1474/D1474M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
indentation hardness of organic materials such as dried paint, D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
varnish, and lacquer coatings, when applied to an acceptable of Paint, Coatings and Related Products on Test Panels
plane rigid surface, for example, metal or glass. D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
1.2 Two methods are covered as follows:
D7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry
Sections
Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
Method A—Knoop Indentation Hardness 6 – 12
Method B—Pfund Indentation Hardness 13 – 19 Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coat-
ings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
1.3 Method A, which has the greater precision, provides
E384 Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Mate-
hardness values in terms of Knoop Hardness Number (KHN).
rials
Method B provides hardness in terms of Pfund Hardness
2.2 Other Standards:
Number (PHN). Although the hardness value scales of these
ISO 6441-1 Paints and Varnishes—Determination of micro-
methods differ, the methods agree in the ranking of coating
indentation hardness—Part 1: Knoop hardness by mea-
hardness.
3
surement of the indentation length
1.4 Test Method A of these test methods is similar in content
ISO 6441-2 Paints and Varnishes—Determination of micro-
(but not technically equivalent) to ISO 6441-1 and ISO 6441-2.
indentation hardness—Part 2: Knoop hardness by mea-
3
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
surement of the indentation depth under load
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3. Terminology
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.1 Definitions:
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.1.1 indentation hardness, n—the resistance to penetration
with the standard.
by an indenter.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety
3.1.2 Knoop indenter, n—a pyramidal diamond of pre-
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
scribed dimensions.
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety,
3.1.3 Pfund indenter, n—hemispherical quartz or sapphire
health, and environmental practices and determine the appli-
indenter of prescribed dimensions.
cability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.4 Knoop hardness number, KHN, n—the indentation
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
hardness determined with a Knoop indenter, and calculated as
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
follows:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
2
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- KHN5 L/A 5 L/l C (1)
p p
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
where:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
L = load applied to the indenter, kg,
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
2
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Films. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D1474/D1474M – 13. Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
DOI: 10.1520/D1474_D1474M-13R18. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1474/D1474M − 13 (2018)
indenter into contact with the test surface with negligible
l = measured length of long diagonal of the indentation,
impact, apply the selected full load, maintain it for 18 6 0.5 s,
mm,
2
and withdraw the indenter.
C = indenter consta
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1474/D1474M − 13 D1474/D1474M − 13 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Indentation Hardness of Organic Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1474/D1474M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the indentation hardness of organic materials such as dried paint, varnish,
and lacquer coatings, when applied to an acceptable plane rigid surface, for example, metal or glass.
1.2 Two methods are covered as follows:
Sections
Method A—Knoop Indentation Hardness 6 – 12
Method B—Pfund Indentation Hardness 13 – 19
1.3 Method A, which has the greater precision, provides hardness values in terms of Knoop Hardness Number (KHN). Method
B provides hardness in terms of Pfund Hardness Number (PHN). Although the hardness value scales of these methods differ, the
methods agree in the ranking of coating hardness.
1.4 Test Method A of these test methods is similar in content (but not technically equivalent) to ISO 6441-1and 6441-1 and ISO
6441-2.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Coatings and Related Products on Test Panels
D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thickness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
D7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to Ferrous Metals
and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coatings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
E384 Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials
2.2 Other Standards:
ISO 6441-1 Paints and Varnishes—Determination of micro-indentation hardness—Part 1: Knoop hardness by measurement of
3
the indentation length
ISO 6441-2 Paints and Varnishes—Determination of micro-indentation hardness—Part 2: Knoop hardness by measurement of
3
the indentation depth under load
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013Nov. 1, 2018. Published December 2013November 2018. Originally approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 20082013
as D1474 – 98 (2008).D1474/D1474M – 13. DOI: 10.1520/D1474_D1474M-13.10.1520/D1474_D1474M-13R18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1474/D1474M − 13 (2018)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 indentation hardness, n—the resistance to penetration by an indenter.
3.1.2 Knoop indenter, n—a pyramidal diamond of prescribed dimensions.
3.1.3 Pfund indenter, n—hemispherical quartz or sapphire indenter of prescribed di
...