ASTM E870-82(2019)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Wood Fuels
Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Wood Fuels
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods of analysis described herein can be used for the proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, and the determination of the gross caloric value of wood fuels.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the proximate and ultimate analysis of wood fuels and the determination of the gross caloric value of wood fuels sampled and prepared by prescribed test methods and analyzed according to ASTM established procedures. Test methods as herein described may be used to establish the rank of fuels, to show the ratio of combustible to incombustible constituents, to provide the basis for buying and selling, and to evaluate for beneficiation or for other purposes.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-Mar-2019
- Technical Committee
- E48 - Bioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass
- Drafting Committee
- E48.05 - Biomass Conversion
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2017
- Effective Date
- 15-Aug-2013
- Effective Date
- 15-Aug-2013
- Refers
ASTM E778-08 - Standard Test Methods for Nitrogen in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-Derived Fuel - Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2008
- Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2008
- Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2008
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2007
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2006
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2006
- Effective Date
- 10-Sep-2001
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-1996
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-1996
Overview
ASTM E870-82(2019), Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Wood Fuels, provides established procedures for analyzing the properties of wood fuels. Developed and maintained by ASTM, this international standard outlines test methods for both proximate and ultimate analysis, as well as for determining the gross caloric value of wood fuels. The standard plays a critical role in promoting consistent, reliable, and comparable results across the bioenergy sector, supporting applications such as fuel ranking, quality assessment, purchase agreements, and research.
Key Topics
Proximate Analysis:
Measures key constituents of wood fuels, including:- Moisture content (using ASTM E871)
- Ash content (using ASTM D1102)
- Volatile matter (using ASTM E872)
- Fixed carbon (calculated value)
Ultimate Analysis:
Determines elemental composition:- Carbon and hydrogen (ASTM E777)
- Sulfur (ASTM E775)
- Nitrogen (ASTM E778)
- Ash (ASTM D1102)
- Oxygen (calculated by difference)
Gross Calorific Value:
Establishes the energy content of wood fuels, an essential parameter for combustion and energy production, determined with methods like ASTM E711.Sample Preparation:
Ensures wood fuel samples are prepared consistently for analysis, leading to reproducible and comparable data.Use of Standard Procedures:
Emphasizes adherence to recognized ASTM methods to maintain accuracy and uniformity in results.
Applications
ASTM E870-82(2019) is widely applied in the bioenergy industry and related sectors where biomass and wood fuels are utilized. Its practical uses include:
Fuel Quality Assessment:
Enables buyers and sellers to evaluate wood fuel based on composition, calorific value, and ranking.Bioenergy Plant Operations:
Assists operators in selecting appropriate fuels, optimizing combustion processes, and ensuring plant efficiency.Research and Development:
Facilitates comparative studies of different biomass resources by providing standardized testing and reporting methods.Regulatory Compliance:
Supports compliance with environmental, safety, and quality regulations by documenting fuel composition and properties.Beneficiation and Upgrading:
Helps in the evaluation and improvement of biomass fuels through detailed compositional data, supporting efficient energy conversion and waste minimization.
Related Standards
ASTM E870 references several related ASTM standards essential for comprehensive wood fuel analysis:
- ASTM D1102: Test Method for Ash in Wood
- ASTM E711: Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Refuse-Derived Fuel by the Bomb Calorimeter
- ASTM E871: Test Method for Moisture Analysis of Particulate Wood Fuels
- ASTM E872: Test Method for Volatile Matter in Particulate Wood Fuels
- ASTM E775: Test Methods for Total Sulfur in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-Derived Fuel
- ASTM E777: Test Method for Carbon and Hydrogen in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-Derived Fuel
- ASTM E778: Test Methods for Nitrogen in Refuse-Derived Fuel Analysis Samples
These referenced methods ensure thorough and systematic characterization of wood fuels for industrial, commercial, and research purposes.
By adopting ASTM E870-82(2019), stakeholders in the biomass and renewable energy industries gain access to reliable, internationally recognized procedures for fuel assessment, helping to drive efficiency and quality throughout the wood fuels supply chain.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM E870-82(2019) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Wood Fuels". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 These test methods of analysis described herein can be used for the proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, and the determination of the gross caloric value of wood fuels. SCOPE 1.1 These test methods cover the proximate and ultimate analysis of wood fuels and the determination of the gross caloric value of wood fuels sampled and prepared by prescribed test methods and analyzed according to ASTM established procedures. Test methods as herein described may be used to establish the rank of fuels, to show the ratio of combustible to incombustible constituents, to provide the basis for buying and selling, and to evaluate for beneficiation or for other purposes. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 These test methods of analysis described herein can be used for the proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, and the determination of the gross caloric value of wood fuels. SCOPE 1.1 These test methods cover the proximate and ultimate analysis of wood fuels and the determination of the gross caloric value of wood fuels sampled and prepared by prescribed test methods and analyzed according to ASTM established procedures. Test methods as herein described may be used to establish the rank of fuels, to show the ratio of combustible to incombustible constituents, to provide the basis for buying and selling, and to evaluate for beneficiation or for other purposes. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM E870-82(2019) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 75.160.10 - Solid fuels. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM E870-82(2019) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM E870-82(2013), ASTM E871-82(2019), ASTM E872-82(2019), ASTM E777-17, ASTM E872-82(2013), ASTM E871-82(2013), ASTM E778-08, ASTM E775-87(2008)e1, ASTM E777-08, ASTM D1102-84(2007), ASTM E872-82(2006), ASTM E871-82(2006), ASTM D1102-84(2001), ASTM E775-87(1996), ASTM E777-87(1996). Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM E870-82(2019) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E870 − 82 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Methods for
Analysis of Wood Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E870; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E778 Test Methods for Nitrogen in Refuse-Derived Fuel
Analysis Samples
1.1 These test methods cover the proximate and ultimate
E871 Test Method for Moisture Analysis of Particulate
analysis of wood fuels and the determination of the gross
Wood Fuels
caloric value of wood fuels sampled and prepared by pre-
E872 Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis of
scribed test methods and analyzed according to ASTM estab-
Particulate Wood Fuels
lished procedures. Test methods as herein described may be
used to establish the rank of fuels, to show the ratio of
3. Terminology
combustible to incombustible constituents, to provide the basis
for buying and selling, and to evaluate for beneficiation or for
3.1 proximate analysis—an assay of the moisture, ash,
other purposes.
volatile matter, and fixed carbon as determined by prescribed
test methods. Other constituents such as sulfur and phosphorus
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
are not included.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 ultimate analysis—the determination of carbon and
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
hydrogen in the material, as found in the gaseous products of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
its complete combustion, the determination of sulfur, nitrogen,
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
and ash in the material as a whole, and the calculation of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
oxygen by difference.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4. Significance and Use
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.1 These test methods of analysis described herein can be
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
used for the proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, and the
determination of the gross caloric value of wood fuels.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Procedure
D1102 Test Method for Ash in Wood
E711 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Refuse-
5.1 Moisture—Test Method E871.
Derived Fuel by the Bomb Calorimeter (Withdrawn
5.2 Ash—Test Method D1102.
2011)
5.3 Volatile Matter—Test Method E872.
E775 Test Methods for Total Sulfur in the Analysis Sample
of Refuse-Derived Fuel
5.4 Fixed Carbon—Thefixedcarbonisacalculatedvalue.It
E777 Test Method for Carbon and Hydrogen in theAnalysis
is the resultant of the
...
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