ASTM D5419-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Environmental Stress Crack Resistance (ESCR) of Threaded Plastic Closures
Standard Test Method for Environmental Stress Crack Resistance (ESCR) of Threaded Plastic Closures
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method compares closures for ESCR. Suitable variables are: closure materials, closure designs, processes, applied torque, and stress-crack agents.
5.2 Results can be used for estimating shelf life of closures in terms of ESCR. This requires that the user has calibrated failure time in this test to failure time in the field for actual packaging systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the susceptibility of threaded plastic closures to failure due to environmental stress cracking (ESC).
1.2 In use, threaded plastic closures can contact agents that appreciably reduce the stress at which cracks form. Examples of such agents are: soaps, detergents, oils, and liquid bleaches.
1.3 Major factors that influence environmental stress crack resistance (ESCR) of threaded plastic closures include the closure material(s), closure design, molded-in stress, and applied stress.
1.4 This procedure can be applied to all closures, but is particularly applicable to closures made from plastics based on polypropylene (PP) or polystyrene (PS).
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8 and 6.2.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
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Designation: D5419 − 14
StandardTest Method for
Environmental Stress Crack Resistance (ESCR) of Threaded
Plastic Closures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5419; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D2911Specification for Dimensions and Tolerances for
Plastic Bottles
1.1 This test method determines the susceptibility of
D3198Test Method forApplication and Removal Torque of
threaded plastic closures to failure due to environmental stress
Threaded or Lug-Style Closures
cracking (ESC).
E145Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
1.2 In use, threaded plastic closures can contact agents that
Ventilation Ovens
appreciably reduce the stress at which cracks form. Examples
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
of such agents are: soaps, detergents, oils, and liquid bleaches.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.3 Major factors that influence environmental stress crack
3. Terminology
resistance (ESCR) of threaded plastic closures include the
3.1 Definitions—Except for those terms below, see Termi-
closure material(s), closure design, molded-in stress, and
nologies D883 and D1600.
applied stress.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 This procedure can be applied to all closures, but is
3.2.1 assembly—closure applied to a bottle finish.
particularlyapplicabletoclosuresmadefromplasticsbasedon
polypropylene (PP) or polystyrene (PS).
3.2.2 failure—during this test, any visible crack.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—A crack does not have to penetrate the
1.5 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
closure wall to be considered a failure.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only. 3.2.3 finish—fixturerepresentingthethreadedportionofthe
bottle.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.2.4 threaded closure—part applied to seal bottle as speci-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- fied in Specification D2911.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Summary of Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
4.1 This test method consists of applying closures at a
tionary statements are given in Section 8 and 6.2.
specified application torque to rigid finishes (of polysulfone or
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
other appropriate resin), immersing the assembly in a potential
stress-cracking agent, and observing and reporting time-to-
2. Referenced Documents
failure.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
5.1 This test method compares closures for ESCR. Suitable
D1600TerminologyforAbbreviatedTermsRelatingtoPlas-
variables are: closure materials, closure designs, processes,
tics
applied torque, and stress-crack agents.
5.2 Results can be used for estimating shelf life of closures
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
in terms of ESCR. This requires that the user has calibrated
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and
failure time in this test to failure time in the field for actual
Molded Products.
packaging systems.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2014. Published December 2014. Originally
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D5419–09. DOI:
6. Apparatus
10.1520/D5419-14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.1 Wide-Mount Gallon Jars, glass, PET, or other suitable
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
material. Must have lined closures to ensure air-tight seal. Use
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. one jar per sample.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5419 − 14
NOTE 1—Tolerances for Dimensions T, E, and S shall be in accordance with Specification D2911.
FIG. 1 Typical Fixture
6.2 Circulating-Air Oven, capable of maintaining a tem- 6.6 Plastic Test Closures, lined or unlined closure based on
perature of 50 6 1°C (critical in this application). See specifications.
Specification E145 for a procedure for confirming satisfactory
NOTE 2—To ensure that full crystallization has essentially been
uniformityoftemperaturewithintheoven.Thereisnoair-flow
achieved, PP-based closures should condition for at least three weeks
requirement in this application. An environmental room with
before testing and PS closures for at least 16 h.
NOTE 3—To convert lbf-in. torque to Nm torque, multiply by 0.113.
these properties is also suitable. (Warning—A high-
temperaturesafetyswitchishighlyrecommendedonthisoven.
7. Reagents and Materials
Some test liquids can cause extreme pressure to build up upon
7.1 Test Solution—Use solution for which the closure is
heating. Under these conditions it is possible that the test jars
intended.
willrupturewithexplosiveforce.Settheoverridecutoffswitch
toturnofftheovenifthetesttemperatureisexceededby10°C
8. Hazards
or more.)
8.1 Always wear protective equipment, such as goggles,
6.3 Tongs, for sample removal and inspection.
gloves, and aprons, appropriate to the product hazard when
6.4 Bottle Finishes,polysulfoneorothermaterialofequiva- setting up or inspecting closures.
lent stiffness and thermal coefficient of expansion, to which
9. Test Specimens
closures are applied. These can be made by injection molding
orbymachiningrodstock.SeeFig.1foradrawingofatypical 9.1 Normal sample size is 20 closures, typical of lots to be
fixture. Use an appropriate size based on closure and bottle tested. It is strongly advisable to run the test in duplicate (two
specifications. sets of 20) or to sample more than one lot.
6.5 Torque Meter, with capacity of at least 5 torque Nm, 9.2 Visually inspect each closure to be tested. Replace any
calibrated or verified within the past 12 months. that appear defective or irregular.
D5419 − 14
10. Conditioning
10.1 Conditioning—After aging in accordance with 6.6,
condition closures and bottle finishes at 23 6 2°C and 50 6
10% relative humidity for not less than 40 h prior to test, in
accordance with Procedure A of Practice D618 unless other-
wise specified by agreement or the relevant ASTM material
specification. Condition test solution at 50 6 1°C until it
reaches 50 6 1°C (16 h normally required).
10.2 Test Conditions—Conduct all tests at 50 6 2°C, unless
instructed otherwise.
11. Procedure
11.1 Apply closures to bottle finishes (see Test Method
D3198).Unlessotherwisespecified,applytorquetoatolerance
of 65% using one of the following values:
11.1.1 Avalue corresponding to the upper limit of immedi-
ate removal torque in production (rule of thumb: application
torque=1.05×immediate removal torque), or
11.1.2 Anominal value based on the closure diameter (rule
of thumb: torque, Nm=closure diameter, mm×0.08), or
11.1.3 Avalue agreed upon between the laboratory and the
customer.
11.2 Place 20 assemblies in jars. Fill jars with enough test
solution at 50 6 1°C to cover all assemblies. Wipe any test
solution from jar-finish area. Cap jars and hand tighten.
FIG. 2F Failure Time
11.3 Place jars on test at 50 6 1°C. Check and record the
temperature of test area daily and maintain it within the
specified limits.
where:
11.4 Inspect the assemblies daily except on weekends.
n = cumulative number of closures that have
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5419 − 09 D5419 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Environmental Stress Crack Resistance (ESCR) of Threaded
Plastic Closures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5419; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method determines the susceptibility of threaded plastic closures to failure due to environmental stress cracking
(ESC).
1.2 In use, threaded plastic closures can contact agents that appreciably reduce the stress at which cracks form. Examples of
such agents are: soaps, detergents, oils, and liquid bleaches.
1.3 Major factors that influence environmental stress crack resistance (ESCR) of threaded plastic closures include the closure
material(s), closure design, molded-in stress, and applied stress.
1.4 This procedure can be applied to all closures, but is particularly applicable to closures made from plastics based on
polypropylene (PP) or polystyrene (PS).
1.5 The values stated in SIinch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8 and 6.2.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
D2911 Specification for Dimensions and Tolerances for Plastic Bottles
D3198 Test Method for Application and Removal Torque of Threaded or Lug-Style Closures
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Except for those terms below, see Terminologies D883 and D1600.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 assembly—closure applied to a bottle finish.
3.2.2 failure—during this test, any visible crack.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and Molded
Products.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2009Nov. 15, 2014. Published December 2009December 2014. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in
20032009 as D5419 – 95D5419 – 09.(2003). DOI: 10.1520/D5419-09.10.1520/D5419-14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5419 − 14
A crack does not have to penetrate the closure wall to be considered a failure.
3.2.3 finish—fixture representing the threaded portion of the bottle.
3.2.4 threaded closure—part applied to seal bottle as specified in Specification D2911.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method consists of applying closures at a specified application torque to rigid finishes (of polysulfone or other
appropriate resin), immersing the assembly in a potential stress-cracking agent, and observing and reporting time-to-failure.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method compares closures for ESCR. Suitable variables are: closure materials, closure designs, processes, applied
torque, and stress-crack agents.
5.2 Results can be used for estimating shelf life of closures in terms of ESCR. This requires that the user has calibrated failure
time in this test to failure time in the field for actual packaging systems.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Wide-Mount Gallon Jars, glass, PET, or other suitable material. Must have lined closures to ensure air-tight seal. Use one
jar per sample.
6.2 Circulating-Air Oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of 50 6 1°C (critical in this application). See Specification
E145 for a procedure for confirming satisfactory uniformity of temperature within the oven. There is no air-flow requirement in
this application. An environmental room with these properties is also suitable. (Warning—A high-temperature safety switch is
highly recommended on this oven. Some test liquids can cause extreme pressure to build up upon heating. Under these conditions
it is possible that the test jars maywill rupture with explosive force. The Set the override cutoff switch should be set to turn off
the oven if the test temperature is exceeded by 10°C or more.)
6.3 Tongs, for sample removal and inspection.
6.4 Bottle Finishes, polysulfone or other material of equivalent stiffness and thermal coefficient of expansion, to which closures
are applied. These can be made by injection molding or by machining rod stock. See Fig. 1 for a drawing of a typical fixture. Use
an appropriate size based on closure and bottle specifications.
6.5 Torque Meter, with capacity of at least 5 torque Nm, calibrated or verified within the past 12 months.
6.6 Plastic Test Closures, lined or unlined closure based on specifications.
NOTE 2—To ensure that full crystallization has essentially been achieved, PP-based closures should condition for at least three weeks before testing
and PS closures for at least 16 h.
NOTE 3—To convert lbf-in. torque to Nm torque, multiply by 0.113.
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Test Solution—Use solution for which the closure is intended.
8. Hazards
8.1 Always wear protective equipment, such as goggles, gloves, and aprons, appropriate to the product hazard when setting up
or inspecting closures.
9. Test Specimens
9.1 Normal sample size is 20 closures, typical of lots to be tested. It is strongly advisable to run the test in duplicate (two sets
of 20) or to sample more than one lot.
9.2 Visually inspect each closure to be tested. Replace any that appear defective or irregular.
10. Conditioning
10.1 Conditioning—After aging in accordance with 6.6, condition closures and bottle finishes at 23 6 2°C and 50 6 10 %
relative humidity for not less than 40 h prior to test, in accordance with Procedure A of Practice D618 unless otherwise specified
by agreement or the relevant ASTM material specification. Condition test solution at 50 6 1°C until it reaches 50 6 1°C (16 h
normally required).
10.2 Test Conditions—Conduct all tests at 50 6 2°C, unless instructed otherwise.
11. Procedure
11.1 Apply closures to bottle finishes (see Test Method D3198). Unless otherwise specified, apply torque to a tolerance of 65 %
using one of the following values:
D5419 − 14
NOTE 1—Tolerances for Dimensions T,E, and S shall be in accordance with Specification D2911.
FIG. 1 Typical Fixture
11.1.1 A value corresponding to the upper limit of immediate removal torque in production (rule of thumb: application
torque = 1.05 × immediate removal torque), or
11.1.2 A nominal value based on the closure diameter (rule of thumb: torque, Nm = closure diameter, mm × 0.08), or
11.1.3 A value agreed upon between the laboratory and the customer.
11.2 Place 20 assemblies in jars. Fill jars with enough test solution at 50 6 1°C to cover all assemblies. Wipe any test solution
from jar-finish area. Cap jars and hand tighten.
11.3 Place jars on test at 50 6 1°C. Check and record the temperature of test area daily and maintain it within the specified
limits.
11.4 Inspect the assemblies daily except on weekends. Move jars from test condition to inspection area. Do not allow to be off
...
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