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ASTM C1097-06

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Hydrated Lime for Use in Asphalt Cement or Bituminous Pavements

Standard Specification for Hydrated Lime for Use in Asphalt Cement or Bituminous Pavements

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers high calcium, dolomitic and magnesian-hydrated lime for use in asphalt cement or bituminous pavement.Note 1
Hydrated lime, either calcitic, dolomitic, or magnesian, improves bonding of bitumen and aggregates which reduces susceptibility to moisture damage, reduces age hardening by chemically stabilizing polar compounds found in asphalts, and increases initial stiffness of asphalt mixtures.Note 2
No attempt is made to present requirements for any by-product lime.
This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2006
ICS
93.080.10 - Road construction
Technical Committee
C07 - Lime and Limestone
Drafting Committee
C07.02 - Specifications and Guidelines
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C1097-95(2001) - Standard Specification for Hydrated Lime for Use in Asphaltic-Concrete Mixtures
Effective Date
01-Jun-2006
Replaced By
ASTM C1097-06a - Standard Specification for Hydrated Lime for Use in Asphalt Cement or Bituminous Pavements
Effective Date
15-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM C911-19 - Standard Specification for Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone for Selected Chemical and Industrial Uses
Effective Date
01-Jun-2006

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ASTM C1097-06 - Standard Specification for Hydrated Lime for Use in Asphalt Cement or Bituminous PavementsASTM C1097-06 - Standard Specification for Hydrated Lime for Use in Asphalt Cement or Bituminous Pavements
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ASTM C1097-06 - Standard Specification for Hydrated Lime for Use in Asphalt Cement or Bituminous Pavements
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C 1097 – 06
Standard Specification for
Hydrated Lime for Use in Asphalt Cement or Bituminous
1
Pavements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1097; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-
ments
1.1 This specification covers high calcium, dolomitic and
magnesian-hydrated lime for use in asphalt cement or bitumi-
3. Chemical Requirements
nous pavement.
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, refer
NOTE 1—Hydrated lime, either calcitic, dolomitic, or magnesian, im-
to TerminologyC51 or TerminologyD8.
proves bonding of bitumen and aggregates which reduces susceptibility to
3.2 Hydrated lime for use in bituminous paving mixtures
moisture damage, reduces age hardening by chemically stabilizing polar
shall conform to the following chemical composition:
compounds found in asphalts, and increases initial stiffness of asphalt
Calcium and Magnesium Oxides (on an LOI-free basis, 90.0
mixtures.
minimum % )
NOTE 2—No attempt is made to present requirements for any by-
Carbon Dioxide (taken at point of manufacture, 5.0
product lime.
maximum % )
Unhydrated Calcium and Magnesium Oxides (maximum% ) 5.0
1.2 This standard does not purport to address the safety
Free Moisture of Dry Hydrates (taken at point of manufac- 2.0
concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
ture, maximum %)
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
4. Physical Requirements
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
tions prior to use.
4.1 Hydrated lime, either dry or slurry form, shall not have
more than 3.0 % retained on a No. 30 (590 microns) sieve and
2. Referenced Documents
not more than 30 % retained on a No. 200 (74 microns) sieve.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Test Method
C25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone,
Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime
5.1 The chemical analysis of the hydrated lime shall be
C50 Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packag-
determined in accordance with Test MethodsC25.
ing, and Marking of Lime and Limestone Products
5.2 The fineness of hydrated lime shall be determined in
C51 Terminology Relating to Lime
...

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ABSTRACT
This specification covers high calcium, dolomitic and magnesian-hydrated lime for use in asphalt cement or bituminous pavements. Hydrated lime, either dry or slurry form, shall conform to the chemical composition requirements for calcium and magnesium oxides, carbon dioxide, unhydrated calcium and magnesium oxides, and free moisture of dry hydrates as shall be determined by chemical analysis. The particle size of hydrated lime shall also be determined using a standardized spray nozzle and pressure gauge.
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1.1 This specification covers high calcium, dolomitic and magnesian-hydrated lime for use in asphalt cement or bituminous paving mixtures.
Note 1: Hydrated lime, either calcitic, dolomitic, or magnesian, improves bonding of bitumen and aggregates which reduces susceptibility to moisture damage, reduces age hardening by chemically stabilizing polar compounds found in asphalts, and increases initial stiffness of asphalt mixtures.
Note 2: No attempt is made to present requirements for any by-product lime.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification covers preformed expansion joint filler having relatively little extrusion and substantial recovery after release from compression.  
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Note 1: Attention is called to Specifications D1752 and D994/D994M.  
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This specification covers preformed expansion joint fillers for use in concrete, brick, stone, and other paving and structural construction. The fillers are available in the following types: Type I, sponge rubber, which shall consist of preformed strips of a durable elastic sponge rubber compound using synthetic rubber or natural rubber as a base and containing no reclaim rubber or factice; Type II, cork, and Type III, self-expanding cork, which shall both consist of preformed strips that have been formed from clean granulated cork particles securely bound together by a synthetic resin of an incoluble nature; and Type IV, recycled PVC, which shall consist of preformed strips that have been extruded using scrap PVC material and using either no binder or a synthetic resin of an insoluble nature to securely bind it together. Materials shall be sampled suitably according to specified size and number, and shall meet property requirements as to recovery, compression, extrusion, expansion, boiling in hydrochloric acid, and density.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers preformed expansion joint fillers of the following four types for use in concrete, brick, or stone construction.  
1.1.1 Type I—Sponge rubber.  
1.1.2 Type II—Cork.  
1.1.3 Type III—Self-expanding cork.  
1.1.4 Type IV—Recycled PVC.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: Attention is called to Specifications D994/D994M and D1751.  
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ASTM D2950/D2950M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Density of Asphalt Mixtures in Place by Nuclear Methods

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4.1 The test method described is useful as a rapid, nondestructive technique for determining the in-place density of compacted asphalt mixtures.  
4.2 With proper calibration and confirmation testing, the test method is suitable for quality control and acceptance testing of compacted asphalt mixtures.  
4.3 The test method can be used to establish the proper rolling effort and pattern to achieve the required density.  
4.4 The nondestructive nature of the test allows repetitive measurements to be made at a single test location between roller passes and to monitor changes in density.  
4.5 The density results obtained by this test method are relative. Correlation with other test methods such as D1188/D1188M, D2726/D2726M, or D6752/D6752M is required to convert the results obtained using this method to actual density. It is recommended that at least seven core densities and seven nuclear densities be used to establish a conversion factor. A new factor must be established at any time a change is made in the paving mixture or in the construction process.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a test procedure for determining the density of asphalt mixtures by the attenuation of gamma radiation, where the source and detector(s) remain on the surface (backscatter method) or the source or detector is placed at a known depth up to 300 mm [12 in.] while the detector or source remains on the surface (direct transmission method).  
1.2 The density, in mass per unit volume of the material under test, is determined by comparing the detected rate of gamma emissions with previously established calibration data.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.5 For limitations, see Section 5 on Interferences.  
1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. It is the recommendation of Committee D04 that the following note be added to the end of the Significance and Use section of all applicable standards. Applicable standards are those in which measurement or calibration are made, sample are procured, or products are selected. The subcommittee shall determine the appropriateness of adding the note throughout the consensus process.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Develo...

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4.1.1 Sampling is equally as important as the testing, and the sampler shall take every precaution to obtain samples that will yield an acceptable estimate of the nature and conditions of the materials which they represent.  
4.1.2 Samples for the development of preliminary data are obtained by the party responsible for the development of the data. Samples for control of the product at the source of manufacture or storage, or at the site of use, are obtained by the manufacturer, contractor, or other parties responsible for accomplishing the work. Samples for tests to be used in acceptance or rejection decisions by the purchaser are obtained by the purchaser or his authorized representative.  
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1.3 The text of this classification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the classification.  
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1.1 This specification covers the quality and sizes of crushed stone, crushed slag, crushed expanded shale, crushed expanded clay, crushed expanded slate, and crushed or uncrushed gravel suitable for use as aggregate in single or multiple asphalt surface treatments.  
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
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1.3.1 Regarding sieves, per Specification E11: “The values stated in SI units shall be considered standard for the dimensions of the wire cloth openings and the diameter of the wires used in the wire cloth. The values stated in inch-pound units shall be considered standard with regard to the sieve frames.” When sieve mesh sizes are referenced, the alternate inch-pound designations are provided for information purposes and enclosed in parentheses.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification covers fine aggregate for use in asphalt paving mixtures.  
1.2 This specification is intended to describe material from a single source. When material from two or more sources is to be blended to produce a grading to meet requirements in other specifications for asphalt paving mixtures, the grading requirements of Table 1 of this specification are not applicable.  
Note 1: When obtaining materials from two or more sources that are to be blended to produce the final mix, it is recommended that the specifying or the ordering agency specify the alternative gradings and blend ratios to be supplied.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Sieve numbers shown in the text and Table 1 are labels only and are included for ease of reference of the user of this standard.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
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ASTM C902-22(Specification)
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This specification covers brick intended for use as paving material subjected to pedestrian and light vehicular traffic. The units are designed for use in pedestrian applications and vehicular areas that are subjected to low volumes of vehicular traffic, such as residential driveways and streets and commercial driveways (passenger drop-offs). Abrasion resistance is specified by one of three types: type I - brick subjected to extensive vibration, type II - brick subjected to intermediate abrasion, and type III - brick subjected to low abrasion. The brick shall conform to the physical requirements for the class specified as prescribed. The requirements for water absorption (24-h cold) and saturation coefficient specified, shall not be required if a sample of five brick survives 15 cycles of the sulfate soundness test. The brick shall meet the requirements of either column for the applicable traffic use.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers brick intended for use as paving material subjected to pedestrian and light vehicular traffic. The units are designed for use in pedestrian applications and vehicular areas that are subjected to low volumes of vehicular traffic, such as residential driveways and streets and commercial driveways (passenger drop-offs). The units are not intended to support heavy vehicular traffic covered by Specification C1272 or for industrial applications covered by Specification C410.  
Note 1: Heavy vehicular traffic is defined as high volumes of heavy vehicles (trucks having 3 or more axles) in Specification C1272.  
1.2 The requirements of this specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick extracted from pavements for determining compliance with the requirements of this specification is beyond the intent of this standard.  
1.3 Brick are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirement of this specification (see Terminology C1232).  
1.4 Use of this standard and the requirements herein to evaluate and corroborate the performance of a paving unit made from other materials, or made with other forming methods, or other means of binding the materials is not covered by the scope of this standard.  
1.5 The brick are available in a variety of sizes, colors, and shapes. They are available in three classes according to exposure environment and three types according to type of traffic exposure.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D8-22a(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements

SCOPE
1.1 This standard incorporates generic terms and generic definitions of terms specifically associated with road and paving materials. These generic terms and definitions are used within the standards developed by Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials.  
1.2 Only terms that appear in more than one standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D04 will be included in Section 3 of Terminology D8. Terms that were historically part of this terminology but never appeared, or no longer appear, in more than one standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D04 are listed in Appendix X1. The terms in Appendix X1 are not maintained and updated by Subcommittee D04.91. The terms in Appendix X1 are available for reference purposes only. The terminology in Appendix X1 may not reflect current practices, standards, and technology used in materials for roads and pavements.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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