ASTM D5575-07(2013)
(Classification)Standard Classification System for Copolymers of Vinylidene Fluoride (VDF) with Other Fluorinated Monomers
Standard Classification System for Copolymers of Vinylidene Fluoride (VDF) with Other Fluorinated Monomers
ABSTRACT
This classification system covers both developing property designations and specifications for thermoplastic compositions consisting of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) polymers modified with other fluoromonomers and property-enhancing additives. Four property codes are presented: code 1 - melt temperature, code 2 - melt-flow rate or melt viscosity, or both, code 3 - tensile strength and modulus, and code 5 - density. The melt temperatures, melt-flow rate, melt viscosity, tensile properties, specific gravity, volume resistivity, dielectric constant, dissipation factor, and limiting oxygen index shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification system covers both developing property designations and specifications for thermoplastic compositions consisting of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) polymers modified with other fluoromonomers and property-enhancing additives. The other fluoromonomers include one or more of the following: hexafluoropropylene (HFP), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE). The additives are those that improve its flame resistance, processing, or physical properties. However, these additives are not normally considered to be reinforcing. This classification system covers thermoplastic compositions supplied in pellet or powder forms.
1.2 A designation or specification applies only to the virgin polymers prepared from vinylidene fluoride (>50 weight %) with one or more of the following comonomers: hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene, and chlorotrifluoroethylene. Some polymers contain additives to enhance certain properties.
1.3 This system constitutes a line callout as a means of designating and specifying properties of VDF-based copolymers. At least four of the designated properties are used to define a polymer's specification. Specification criteria from international documents can be used if their criteria match designation properties currently used by this classification system.2 This classification system is not intended for the selection of materials.
1.4 The manufacturer of the virgin resin shall establish the designation of a resin based on the property value criteria in this classification system.
1.5 The minimum specification properties are established by this classification system. Additional specification properties, based on the designation properties cited, can be established by the resin supplier and customer.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.7 The property tests are intended to provide information for specifications of modified VDF-copolymer compositions. It is not the purpose of this classification system to provide engineering data for design purposes. Note 1—Although the values listed in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, and Table are necessary to include the range of properties available in existing materials, they are not to be interpreted as implying that every possible combination of the properties exists or can be obtained. It is possible for a user or designer, using Tables 1-, to call out property relationships that are physically impossible to occur in a copolymer made using current technology.Note 2—Many of these polymers exhibit polymorphism.3 The type and extent of crystalline structure will vary with the thermomechanical history of the sample. Properties vary based on the technique used to prepare the specimens.
1.8 Test methods used in this classification system can result in the incidental production of hazardous materials. Modified VDF polymer fluoroplastics melt between 90 and 182°C (194 and 359°F) and are thermally stable up to about 350°C (662°F), or somewhat higher, depending on the composition. (Warning— Evolution of corrosive, colorless, and toxic hydrogen fluoride can occur under certain conditions.)
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the ...
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Designation:D5575 −07 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Classification System for
Copolymers of Vinylidene Fluoride (VDF) with Other
Fluorinated Monomers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5575; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.5 Theminimumspecificationpropertiesareestablishedby
this classification system. Additional specification properties,
1.1 This classification system covers both developing prop-
basedonthedesignationpropertiescited,canbeestablishedby
erty designations and specifications for thermoplastic compo-
the resin supplier and customer.
sitions consisting of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) polymers
modified with other fluoromonomers and property-enhancing 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
additives. The other fluoromonomers include one or more of standard.
the following: hexafluoropropylene (HFP), tetrafluoroethylene
1.7 The property tests are intended to provide information
(TFE), and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE). The additives are
forspecificationsofmodifiedVDF-copolymercompositions.It
those that improve its flame resistance, processing, or physical
is not the purpose of this classification system to provide
properties. However, these additives are not normally consid-
engineering data for design purposes.
ered to be reinforcing. This classification system covers ther-
NOTE 1—Although the values listed in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table
moplastic compositions supplied in pellet or powder forms.
4,andTable5arenecessarytoincludetherangeofpropertiesavailablein
1.2 Adesignation or specification applies only to the virgin
existing materials, they are not to be interpreted as implying that every
possible combination of the properties exists or can be obtained. It is
polymers prepared from vinylidene fluoride (>50 weight %)
possible for a user or designer, using Tables 1-5, to call out property
with one or more of the following comonomers:
relationships that are physically impossible to occur in a copolymer made
hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene, and chlorotrifluoro-
using current technology.
ethylene. Some polymers contain additives to enhance certain 3
NOTE2—Manyofthesepolymersexhibitpolymorphism. Thetypeand
properties.
extentofcrystallinestructurewillvarywiththethermomechanicalhistory
of the sample. Properties vary based on the technique used to prepare the
1.3 This system constitutes a line callout as a means of
specimens.
designating and specifying properties of VDF-based copoly-
1.8 Testmethodsusedinthisclassificationsystemcanresult
mers. At least four of the designated properties are used to
in the incidental production of hazardous materials. Modified
define a polymer’s specification. Specification criteria from
VDF polymer fluoroplastics melt between 90 and 182°C (194
international documents can be used if their criteria match
and359°F)andarethermallystableuptoabout350°C(662°F),
designation properties currently used by this classification
or somewhat higher, depending on the composition.
system. This classification system is not intended for the
(Warning—Evolutionofcorrosive,colorless,andtoxichydro-
selection of materials.
gen fluoride can occur under certain conditions.)
1.4 The manufacturer of the virgin resin shall establish the
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
designation of a resin based on the property value criteria in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
this classification system.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ThisclassificationsystemisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20on
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.SeeWarning in1.8
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic
Materials.
and Section 10 for specific hazards statements.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2013. Published October 2013. Originally
NOTE 3—Many, but not all of the codes and specifications found in this
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5575-07.
This standard is needed to cover commercial products outside the scope of classification system are also in ISO12086-1 and ISO12086-2.
Specification D3222. DOI: 10.1520/D5575-07R13.
Fluoropolymer property specification data from international standards can
include properties intentionally excluded from this classification system (for
example,composition).Theonlypropertycriteriafromotherdocumentsthatcanbe Lovinger, A. J., “Poly(vinylidene fluoride),” Developments in Crystalline
used are those having similar properties allowed under the designation system. Polymers, Vol 1, Chapter 5, D.C. Bassett, Ed., Applied Science, London, 1982.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5575−07 (2013)
TABLE 1 Codes for the Information on Fluoropolymers Used in
D257Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of
Data Block 1
Insulating Materials
Code Meaning
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
A modified
D638Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
B block copolymer
D792Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
H homopolymer
K copolymer
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
L graft polymer
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
R random copolymer
Z other D1238Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics
by Extrusion Plastometer
D1600TerminologyforAbbreviatedTermsRelatingtoPlas-
TABLE 2 Code-Letters Used in Data Block 2 (Intended
tics
Application or Method of Processing, Essential Properties,
D2863Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen
Additives, or Other Information
Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of
Code Position 1 Code Positions 2 to 8
Plastics (Oxygen Index)
A adhesives C colored
D3222Specification for Unmodified Poly(Vinylidene Fluo-
B blow molding D powder
B1 extrusion blow molding D2 free-flowing
ride) (PVDF) Molding Extrusion and Coating Materials
B2 injection blow molding D3 not free-flowing
D3418Test Method for Transition Temperatures and En-
C calendaring E expandable
thalpies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers by
E extrusion F special burning characteristics
G general use F1 nonflammable
Differential Scanning Calorimetry
H coating F2 flame retarded
D3835Test Method for Determination of Properties of
H1 powder coating F4 reduced smoke emission
Polymeric Materials by Means of a Capillary Rheometer
H2 dip coating G granules
K cable and wire coating G1 pellets
D3892Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
L monofilament extrusion L light and weather stabilized
D4591Test Method for Determining Temperatures and
M molding (injection/transfer) M nucleated
Heats of Transitions of Fluoropolymers by Differential
Q compression molding N natural (no color added)
R rotational molding N1 suitable for food contact
Scanning Calorimetry
V thermoforming N2 high purity
D4703Practice for Compression Molding Thermoplastic
X no indication P impact modified
Y textile yarns, spinning R mold release agent Materials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or Sheets
Z other S lubricated
D5740Guide for Writing Material Standards in the Classi-
T transparent
fication Format
T1 translucent
T2 opaque IEEE/ASTMS1–10Standard for Use of the International
W1 improved chemical resistance
System of Units (SI)
Y increased electrical conductivity
Z antistatic
2.2 IEC and ISO Standards:
IEC 60093Recommended Methods of Test for Volume and
Surface Resistivities of Electrical Insulating Materials
TABLE 3 Designatory and Specification Properties for Data Block
IEC60250RecommendedMethodsfortheDeterminationof
the Permittivity and Dielectric Dissipation Factor of
A
Position Number Property
B
Electrical Insulating Materials at Power,Audio and Radio
1 melt temperature
B
2 melt flow rate/melt viscosity
Frequencies Including Metre Wavelengths
B
3 tensile strength and modulus
ISO 291 Plastics—Standard Atmospheres for Conditioning
4 tensile elongation
B
5 density and Testing (Practice D618)
6 electrical
ISO 293 Plastics—Compression Molding Test Specimens
7 flammability by oxygen index (OI)
of Thermoplastic Materials (Practice4703)
8 specimen preparation method and type
ISO 472 Plastics—Vocabulary (Terminology D883)
A
Property test information for Positions 1 to 7 are given in Section 8.
B
ISO527/1,2,3Plastics—DeterminationofTensileProperties
Positions 1, 2, 3, and 5 are mandated as the minimum specification properties.
(Test Method D638)
ISO 1043/1 Plastics—Symbols—Part 1: Symbols for Basic
Polymers and Their Special Characteristics (Terminology
2. Referenced Documents
D883)
2.1 ASTM Standards: ISO 1043/2Plastics—Symbols—Part 2: Fillers and Rein-
forcing Materials (Terminology D883)
NOTE 4—For ASTM and ISO documents, the equivalent or a compa-
ISO 1133Plastics—Determination of the Melt Mass-Flow
rable method is listed after each citation in parentheses.
Rate (MFR) and the Melt Volume-Flow Rate (MVR) of
D150Test Methods forAC Loss Characteristics and Permit-
Thermoplastics (Test Method D1238)
tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
ISO 1183Plastics—Methods for Determining Density and
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
D5575−07 (2013)
TABLE 4 Date Block 3
Position 1 Position 2 Position 3 Position 4
Melt Viscosity/Melt-Flow Rate Tensile Strength Tensile Elongation
Melt Temp-
Melt-Flow Yield
Code Tm,° C
Load, Vis- era- Modulus,
Code Rate, Code Strength, Code Yield, % Break, %
kg cosity, ture, MPa
g/10 min MPa
A
Pa/s °C
a <20 a <0.1 <250 a <15 <500 a <5 <50
b 20 to <30 b 0.1 to< 0.2 0.325 >250 b 15 to <20 500 to< 800 b 5 to <10 50 to <100
c 30 to <40 c 0.2 to <0.5 1.20 >500 c 20 to <25 800 to< 1200 c 10 to <15 100 to <150
d 40 to< 50 d 0.5 to <1.0 2.16 >100 d 25 to< 30 1200 to <1600 d 15 to <20 150 to <200
e 50 to <60 e 1.0 to <2.0 3.80 >1500 e 30 to< 35 1600 to <2000 e 20 to <25 200 to <250
f 60 to <70 f 2.0 to <5.0 5.00 >2000 230 f 35 to< 40 2000 to< 3000 f 25 to <30 250 to <300
g 70 to <80 g 5.0 to <10 10.00 >2500 125 g 40 to< 45 3000 to< 4000 g >30 300 to <350
h 80 to< 90 h 10 to < 20 12.50 >3000 h 45 to< 50 4000 to <6000 h 350 to <400
i 90 to < 100 i 20 to <50 21.60 >3500 i 50 to< 55 >6000 i 400 to <500
j 100 to< 110 j $50 31.60 j 55 to< 60 j 500 to <600
k 110 to< 120 k k 60 to <65 k 600 to< 800
l 120 to< 130 l l $65 l >800
m 130 to <140 m m m
n 140 to <150 n n n
o 150 to <160 o o o
p 160 to <170 p p p
q 170 to <180 q q q
r 180 to <190 r r r
s 190 to <200 s s s
t 200 to <210 t t t
uu u u
vv v v
ww w w
xx x x
yy y y
z not specified z not specified z not specified z not specified
A
1 Pa/s = 10 P.
Position 5 Position 6 Position 7 Position 8
Specific Gravity, Electrical a-c d-c Electric Vol- Limiting Oxygen
Code Code Loss Code Code Specimen Type
g/cm Dielectric Constant ume Index
a <1.6 a >10E3 a <40 a D638 Type I
b 1.6 to <1.7 b 10E3 to 10E12 b 40 to <50 b D638 Type II
c 1.7 to< 1.8 c >10E12 c 50 to <60 c D638 Type III
d 1.8 to <1.9 d d 60 to< 70 d D638 Type IV
e 1.9 to< 2.0 e e 70 to <80 e ISO 527 Type 1A
f 2.0 to <2.1 f f 80 to <90 f ISO 527 Type 1B
g 2.1 to< 2.2 g <0.0012 g >90 g ISO 527 Type 6A
h 2.2 to< 2.3 h <3.0 <0.0014 h h ISO 527 Type 7A
i 2.3 to <2.4 i 3.0 to< 3.1 <0.0016 i i ISO 12086/1 Fig. 1
j 2.4 to <2.5 j 3.1 to <3.2 <0.0018 j j D638 Type MI
k k 3.2 to< 3.5 <0.0020 k k D638 Type MII
l l 3.5 to <4.0 <0.0022 l l D638 Type MIII
m m 4.0 to< 4.5 <0.0024 m m
n n 4.5 to <5.0 <0.0026 n n
o o 5.0 to< 5.5 <0.0028 o o
p p 5.5 to <6.0 <0.0030 p p D1708
q q 6.0 to <6.5 <0.0035 q q
r r 6.5 to <7.0 <0.0040 r r
s s 7.0 to <8.0 <0.0060 s s
t t 8.0 to <9.0 <0.0080 t t
u u 9.0 to <10 <0.0100 u u
v v 10 to <11 <0.0300 v v
w w 11 to <12 <0.1000 w w
x x 12 to <14 >0.1000 x x
y y >14 y y
z not specified z not specified not specified z not specified z
Relative Density of Non-Cellular Plastics (Test Methods Extrusion Materials—Part 1: Designation and Specifica-
D792) tion
ISO4589Plastics—DeterminationofFlammabilityByOxy- ISO12086-2 Fluoropolymer Dispersion and Molding and
gen Index Extrusion Materials—Part 2: Preparation of Test Speci-
ISO12086-1Fluoropolymer Dispersion and Molding and mens and Determination of Properties
D5575−07 (2013)
TABLE 5 Codes for Filler and Physical Form of Materials for Use
3.3.4 HFP—hexafluoropropylene (1,1,2,3,3,3-hexaflu-
in Data Block 4
oropropylene).
Code Material Code Form/Structure
3.3.5 MFR—melt-flow rate.
B boron B beads, spheres, balls
C carbon C chips, cuttings
3.3.6 MV—melt viscosity.
CG graphite D powder
3.3.7 PVDF—poly(vinylidene fluoride).
E clay F fiber
G glass G ground
3.3.8 TFE—tetrafluoroethylene (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-
K calcium carbonate H whisker
M mineral, metal K knitted fabric ethylene). D1600
Ma aluminum oxide L layer
3.3.9 VDF—vinylidene fluoride (1,1,-difluoroethylene).
Mb bronze M mat (thick)
MC calcium fluoride N nonwoven (fabric)
3.3.10 VDF/CTFE—vinylidene fluoride/chlorotriflu-
Md molybdenum disulfide P paper
oroethylene copolymer.
Me stainless steel S roving
P mica T scale, flake
3.3.11 VDF/HFP—vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropro-
Q silica V cord
penecopolymer.
R aramid W veneer
S synthetic, organic X not specified
3.3.12 VDF/TFE—vinylidene fluoride/tetrafluoroethylene
T talcum Y yarn
copolymer.
X not specified Z others
Z none
3.3.13 VDF/TFE/HFP—vinylidene fluoride/tetrafluoro-
ethylene/hexafluoropropene copolymer.
4. Classification and Designation
3. Terminology
4.1 The classification and designation system of the poly-
3.1 Definitions:
mersisbasedonthefollowingstandardizedpatterntakenfrom
3.1.1 copolymer—a polymer derived from more than one
ISO12086-1:
species of monomer.
3.1.2 fluoroplastic—a plastic based on polymers made with
Designation and Classification System
monomers containing one or more atoms of fluorine, or
Description Block
| Identity Block |
copolymers of such monomers with other monomers, the
| Individual Item Block |
fluoro-monomer(s) being in the greatest amount by mass.
Data Data Data Data Data
ISO 12086-1
Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 Block 4 Block 5
3.1.3 monomer—alow-molecular-weightsubstanceconsist-
4.1.1 The designation system consists of
...
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