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ASTM G109-07(2013)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining Effects of Chemical Admixtures on Corrosion of Embedded Steel Reinforcement in Concrete Exposed to Chloride Environments

Standard Test Method for Determining Effects of Chemical Admixtures on Corrosion of Embedded Steel Reinforcement in Concrete Exposed to Chloride Environments

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method provides a reliable means for predicting the inhibiting or corrosive properties of admixtures to be used in concrete.  
3.2 This test method is useful for development studies of corrosion inhibitors to be used in concrete.  
3.3 This test method has been used elsewhere with good agreement between corrosion as measured by this test method and corrosion damage on the embedded steel (1-4).5 This test method might not properly rank the performance of different corrosion inhibitors, especially at concrete covers over the steel less than 40 mm (1.5 in.) or water-to-cement ratios above 0.45. The concrete mixture proportions and cover over the steel are chosen to accelerate chloride ingress. Some inhibitors might have an effect on this process, which could lead to results that would differ from what would be expected in actual use (5).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the effects of chemical admixtures on the corrosion of metals in concrete. This test method can be used to evaluate materials intended to inhibit chloride-induced corrosion of steel in concrete. It can also be used to evaluate the corrosivity of admixtures in a chloride environment.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2013
ICS
91.080.40 - Concrete structures
Technical Committee
G01 - Corrosion of Metals
Drafting Committee
G01.14 - Corrosion of Metals in Construction Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM G109-07(2013) - Standard Test Method for Determining Effects of Chemical Admixtures on Corrosion of Embedded Steel Reinforcement in Concrete Exposed to Chloride EnvironmentsASTM G109-07(2013) - Standard Test Method for Determining Effects of Chemical Admixtures on Corrosion of Embedded Steel Reinforcement in Concrete Exposed to Chloride Environments
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ASTM G109-07(2013) - Standard Test Method for Determining Effects of Chemical Admixtures on Corrosion of Embedded Steel Reinforcement in Concrete Exposed to Chloride Environments
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: G109 − 07 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Effects of Chemical Admixtures on Corrosion
of Embedded Steel Reinforcement in Concrete Exposed to
1
Chloride Environments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G109; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C511Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversaprocedurefordeterminingthe
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
effects of chemical admixtures on the corrosion of metals in
C876Test Method for Corrosion Potentials of Uncoated
concrete. This test method can be used to evaluate materials
Reinforcing Steel in Concrete
intended to inhibit chloride-induced corrosion of steel in
C881/C881MSpecification for Epoxy-Resin-Base Bonding
concrete. It can also be used to evaluate the corrosivity of
Systems for Concrete
admixtures in a chloride environment.
C1152/C1152MTest Method for Acid-Soluble Chloride in
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Mortar and Concrete
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
D448Classification for Sizes of Aggregate for Road and
only.
Bridge Construction
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the D632Specification for Sodium Chloride
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- ASTM Test Methods
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Determine the Precision of a Test Method
G3Practice for Conventions Applicable to Electrochemical
2. Referenced Documents
Measurements in Corrosion Testing
2
G15TerminologyRelatingtoCorrosionandCorrosionTest-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
ing (Withdrawn 2010)
A615/A615MSpecificationforDeformedandPlainCarbon-
G33Practice for Recording Data from Atmospheric Corro-
Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
sion Tests of Metallic-Coated Steel Specimens
C33Specification for Concrete Aggregates
G46Guide for Examination and Evaluation of Pitting Cor-
C143/C143MTest Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement
rosion
Concrete
4
2.2 NACE Standards:
C150Specification for Portland Cement
SSPC-SP 5/NACE No. 1White Metal Blast Cleaning
C173/C173MTestMethodforAirContentofFreshlyMixed
Concrete by the Volumetric Method
3. Significance and Use
C192/C192MPracticeforMakingandCuringConcreteTest
Specimens in the Laboratory
3.1 This test method provides a reliable means for predict-
C231Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con-
ing the inhibiting or corrosive properties of admixtures to be
crete by the Pressure Method
used in concrete.
3.2 This test method is useful for development studies of
corrosion inhibitors to be used in concrete.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on
3.3 This test method has been used elsewhere with good
Corrosion of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.14 on
Corrosion of Metals in Construction Materials.
agreement between corrosion as measured by this test method
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2013.PublishedJuly2013.Originallyapproved
in1992.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2007asG109–07.DOI:10.1520/G0109-
07R13.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from The Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6th
the ASTM website. Floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G109 − 07 (2013)
5
and corrosion damage on the embedded steel (1-4). This test 5.11 EpoxySealer,forapplicationtotheconcretespecimens
method might not properly rank the performance of different after manufacture. This sealer shall be of Type III, Grade 1,
7,9
corrosioninhibitors,especiallyatconcretecoversoverthesteel Class C in accordance with Specification C881/C881M.
lessthan40mm(1.5in.)orwater-to-cementratiosabove0.45.
5.12 Plastic Dams, 75-mm (3-in.) wide and 150-mm (6-in.)
The concrete mixture proportions and cover over the steel are
longwithaminimumheightof75mm(3in.)forplacementon
chosen to accelerate ch
...

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Standard Test Methods for Determining Effects of Chemical Admixtures on Corrosion of Embedded Steel Reinforcement in Concrete Exposed to Chloride Environments

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3.1 These test methods provide a reliable means for predicting the inhibiting or corrosive properties of admixtures to be used in concrete.  
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Standard Test Methods for Determining Effects of Chemical Admixtures on Corrosion of Embedded Steel Reinforcement in Concrete Exposed to Chloride Environments

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3.1 These test methods provide a reliable means for predicting the inhibiting or corrosive properties of admixtures to be used in concrete.  
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3.1 This test method provides information on the condition of concrete bridge decks overlaid with asphaltic concrete without necessitating removal of the overlay, or other destructive procedures.  
3.2 This test method also provides information on the condition of bridge decks without overlays and with portland cement concrete overlays.  
3.3 A systematic approach to bridge deck rehabilitation requires considerable data on the condition of the decks. In the past, data has been collected using the traditional methods of visual inspection supplemented by physical testing and coring. Such methods have proven to be tedious, expensive, and of limited accuracy. Consequently, GPR provides a mechanism to rapidly survey bridges in an efficient, nondestructive manner.  
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1.2 Deterioration in concrete bridge decks is manifested by the corrosion of embedded reinforcement or the decomposition of concrete, or both. The most serious form of deterioration is that which is caused by corrosion of embedded reinforcement. Corrosion may be initiated by deicing salts, used for snow and ice control in the winter months, penetrating the concrete. In arid climates, the corrosion can be initiated by chloride ions contained in the mix ingredients. Deterioration may also be initiated by the intrusion of water and aggravated by subsequent freeze/thaw cycles, causing damage to the concrete and subsequent debonding of the reinforcing steel with the surrounding compromised concrete.  
1.2.1 As the reinforcing steel corrodes, it expands and creates a crack or subsurface fracture plane in the concrete at or just above the level of the reinforcement. The fracture plane, or delamination, may be localized or may extend over a substantial area, especially if the concrete cover to the reinforcement is small. It is not uncommon for more than one delamination to occur on different planes between the concrete surface and the reinforcing steel. Delaminations are not visible on the concrete surface. However, if repairs are not made, the delaminations progress to open spalls and, with continued corrosion, eventually affect the structural integrity of the deck.  
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