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ASTM F1273-91(2013)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Tank Vent Flame Arresters

Standard Specification for Tank Vent Flame Arresters

ABSTRACT
This specification provides the minimum requirements for design, construction, performance, and testing of two types of tank vent flame arrester (Type I and Type II). This specification is intended for flame arresters protecting systems containing vapors of flammable or combustible liquids with the specified vapor temperature. The defined test media can be used except where arresters protect systems handling vapors with the given value of maximum experimental safe gap (MESG). Flame arresters protecting such systems must be tested with appropriate media. The flame arrester housing, and other parts or bolting used for pressure retention, shall be constructed of the prescribed materials. Arrester, elements, gaskets, and seals shall be of materials resistant to attack by seawater and the liquids and vapors contained in the tank being protected. Nonmetallic materials, other than gaskets and seals, shall not be used in the construction of pressure-retaining components and nonmetallic gaskets and seals shall be noncombustible and suitable for the service intended. The possibility of galvanic corrosion shall be considered in the selection of materials. Requirements for flame arrester design and construction, housings, elements, threaded or flanged pipe connections, joints, and fastenings are detailed. Prototype testing such as corrosion test, performance test, endurance burn test, and flashback test shall be done.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the minimum requirements for design, construction, performance, and testing of tank vent flame arresters.  
1.2 This specification is intended for flame arresters protecting systems containing vapors of flammable or combustible liquids where vapor temperatures do not exceed 60°C. The test media defined in 9.1.1 can be used except where arresters protect systems handling vapors with a maximum experimental safe gap (MESG) below 0.9 mm. Flame arresters protecting such systems must be tested with appropriate media (the same vapor or a media having a MESG no greater than the vapor). Various gases and their respective MESG are listed in Table 1.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portions, Sections 8 and 9, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2013
ICS
13.220.01 - Protection against fire in general
Technical Committee
F25 - Ships and Marine Technology
Drafting Committee
F25.11 - Machinery and Piping Systems
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM F1273-91(2013) - Standard Specification for Tank Vent Flame ArrestersASTM F1273-91(2013) - Standard Specification for Tank Vent Flame Arresters
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ASTM F1273-91(2013) - Standard Specification for Tank Vent Flame Arresters
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F1273 −91 (Reapproved 2013) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
1
Tank Vent Flame Arresters
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1273; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This specification provides the minimum requirements
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
for design, construction, performance, and testing of tank vent
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
flame arresters.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2 Thisspecificationisintendedforflamearrestersprotect- Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ing systems containing vapors of flammable or combustible
2. Referenced Documents
liquids where vapor temperatures do not exceed 60°C.The test
2
media defined in 9.1.1 can be used except where arresters
2.1 ASTM Standards:
protectsystemshandlingvaporswithamaximumexperimental
F722 Specification for Welded Joints for Shipboard Piping
safe gap (MESG) below 0.9 mm. Flame arresters protecting
Systems
such systems must be tested with appropriate media (the same
F1155 Practice for Selection and Application of Piping
vapor or a media having a MESG no greater than the vapor).
System Materials
3
Various gases and their respective MESG are listed in Table 1.
2.2 ANSI Standard:
B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
NOTE 1—Flame arresters meeting this specification also comply with
2.3 Other Documents:
the minimum requirements of the International Maritime Organization,
Maritime Safety Committee Circular No. 373 (MSC/Circ. 373/Rev. 1).
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code: Section VIII, Di-
4
vision 1, Pressure Vessels
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code: Section IX, Weld-
be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses
4
ing and Brazing Qualifications
are for information only.
International Maritime Organization, Maritime Safety Com-
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
mittee: MSC/Circ. 373/Rev. 1 Revised Standards for the
test methods portions, Sections 8 and 9, of this specification:
Design, Testing and Locating of Devices to Prevent the
5
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
Passage of Flame into Cargo Tanks in Tankers
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
International Electrotechnical Commission: Publication 79-
6
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety,
1Electrical Apparatus for Explosive Gas Atmospheres
health, and environmental practices and determine the appli-
cability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Terminology
1.5 This standard should be used to measure and describe
3.1 Definitions:
the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response
3.1.1 flame arrester—a device to prevent the passage of
to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and
flame in accordance with a specified performance standard. Its
should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or
flame arresting element is based on the principle of quenching.
fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire
conditions. However, results of this test may be used as
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
hazard of a particular end use
the ASTM website.
3
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.11 on www.asme.org.
5
Machinery and Piping Systems. Available from International Maritime Organization (IMO), 4, Albert
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013. Published October 2013. Originally Embankment, London SE1 7SR, United Kingdom, http://www.imo.org.
6
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F1273 – 91 (2007). Available from International Electrotechnical Commission, 3 rue de Var
...

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ABSTRACT
This specification provides the minimum requirements for design, construction, performance, and testing of two types of tank vent flame arrester (Type I and Type II). This specification is intended for flame arresters protecting systems containing vapors of flammable or combustible liquids with the specified vapor temperature. The defined test media can be used except where arresters protect systems handling vapors with the given value of maximum experimental safe gap (MESG). Flame arresters protecting such systems must be tested with appropriate media. The flame arrester housing, and other parts or bolting used for pressure retention, shall be constructed of the prescribed materials. Arrester, elements, gaskets, and seals shall be of materials resistant to attack by seawater and the liquids and vapors contained in the tank being protected. Nonmetallic materials, other than gaskets and seals, shall not be used in the construction of pressure-retaining components and nonmetallic gaskets and seals shall be noncombustible and suitable for the service intended. The possibility of galvanic corrosion shall be considered in the selection of materials. Requirements for flame arrester design and construction, housings, elements, threaded or flanged pipe connections, joints, and fastenings are detailed. Prototype testing such as corrosion test, performance test, endurance burn test, and flashback test shall be done.
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1.1 This specification provides the minimum requirements for design, construction, performance, and testing of tank vent flame arresters.  
1.2 This specification is intended for flame arresters protecting systems containing vapors of flammable or combustible liquids where vapor temperatures do not exceed 60°C. The test media defined in 9.1.1 can be used except where arresters protect systems handling vapors with a maximum experimental safe gap (MESG) below 0.9 mm. Flame arresters protecting such systems must be tested with appropriate media (the same vapor or a media having a MESG no greater than the vapor). Various gases and their respective MESG are listed in Table 1.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portions, Sections 8 and 9, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification provides design and construction criteria for double and single fire and foam station cabinets. These cabinets are classified as Type I (single cabinet) and Type II (double cabinets). Type I cabinets are further subdivided into two grades: Grade 1 which has a right-hand door and Grade 2 with a left-hand door. Each of these grades has three classes according to material: Class A is made of mild steel, Class B with stainless steel, and Class C with aluminium. On the other hand, Type II cabinets have only one grade, Grade 1 with right-hand door active leaf. This grade is further classified into three classes: Class A, Class B, and Class C. The parts of these cabinets shall include: frame, hinge pad, hinge, brace, door, staple, hook, latch, keeper, rivet, clip, snubber, retainer, saddle, strap, clip, washer, back, leg, bolt, and back bar. Fire and foam cabinets shall be free of weld spatter, burrs, and sharp corners, rough edges, and other defects which might be hazardous to personnel and equipment.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides design and construction criteria for double and single fire and foam station cabinets. See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Valves, hose, and fittings are not included.
FIG. 1 Fire and Foam Cabinet—Type I  
Note 1: 1 in. = 25.4 mm.  
FIG. 2 Fire and Foam Cabinet—Type II  
1.2 Optional back and legs may be provided.  
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ASTM E535-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Standards

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard is to be used by those concerned with the development of fire-test-response standards.  
4.2 The resultant fire-test-response standards are intended to be useful in one or more of the following areas, among others: product development, quality control, product comparisons, screening, information to be used as part of a fire hazard or a fire risk assessment, and regulatory purposes.  
4.3 This practice is intended to be useful to users and developers of fire-test-response standards (Section 5) because it provides much of the general rationale for the development and use of such standards.  
4.4 This practice is not intended to provide guidance for the preparation of fire hazard assessment standards or fire risk assessment standards.  
4.5 This practice is not intended to provide guidance for the preparation of standards not related to fire-test responses of materials, products or assemblies.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is a supplement to Form and Style for ASTM Standards,2 which shall be consulted in writing all ASTM standards.  
1.2 This practice contains, directly or by reference, all of the information required to comply with the policy on fire standards and the additional guidelines recommended by Committee E05.  
1.3 This practice, intended to assist ASTM Committees, establishes guidelines and criteria for the preparation of fire-test-response standards (that is, standards for response to heat or flame under prescribed conditions).  
1.4 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
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Standard Guide for Evaluating the Predictive Capability of Deterministic Fire Models

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The process of model evaluation is critical to establishing both the acceptable uses and limitations of fire models. It is not possible to evaluate a model in total; instead, this guide is intended to provide a methodology for evaluating the predictive capabilities for a specific use. Validation for one application or scenario does not imply validation for different scenarios. Several alternatives are provided for performing the evaluation process including: comparison of predictions against standard fire tests, full-scale fire experiments, field experience, published literature, or previously evaluated models.  
5.2 The use of fire models currently extends beyond the fire research laboratory and into the engineering, fire service and legal communities. Sufficient evaluation of fire models is necessary to ensure that those using the models can judge the adequacy of the scientific and technical basis for the models, select models appropriate for a desired use, and understand the level of confidence which can be placed on the results predicted by the models. Adequate evaluation will help prevent the unintentional misuse of fire models.  
5.3 This guide is intended to be used in conjunction with other guides under development by Committee E05. It is intended for use by:  
5.3.1 Model Developers—To document the usefulness of a particular calculation method perhaps for specific applications. Part of model development includes identification of precision and limits of applicability, and independent testing.  
5.3.2 Model Users—To assure themselves that they are using an appropriate model for an application and that it provides adequate accuracy.  
5.3.3 Developers of Model Performance Codes—To be sure that they are incorporating valid calculation procedures into codes.  
5.3.4 Approving Officials—To ensure that the results of calculations using mathematical models stating conformance to this guide, cited in a submission, show clearly that the model is used withi...
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1.2.2 Verifying the appropriateness of the theoretical basis and assumptions used in the model,  
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5.1 ASTM regulations require precision statements in all test methods in terms of repeatability and reproducibility. This practice is used when the number of participating laboratories or materials being tested, or both, in a precision study is less than the number specified by Practice E691. When possible, it is strongly recommended that a full Practice E691 standard protocol be followed to determine test method precision. Precision results produced by the procedures presented in this standard will not have the same degree of accuracy as results generated by a full Practice E691 protocol. This procedure will allow for the development of useful precision results when a full complement of laboratories is not available for interlaboratory testing.  
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1.8 This practice cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
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1.1 This practice is intended to assist an authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) or authorizing authority (AA), or both, in establishing minimum qualifications for candidates who desire to conduct inspections in compliance with Practices E2174 and E2393.
Note 1: Authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) is defined in Practices E2174 and E2393.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are intended to provide a basis for evaluating the time period during which a beam, girder, column, or similar structural assembly, or a nonbearing wall, will continue to perform its intended function when subjected to a controlled, standardized fire exposure.  
5.1.1 In particular, the selected standard exposure condition simulates the condition of total continuous engulfment of a member or assembly in the luminous flame (fire plume) area of a large free-burning-fluid-hydrocarbon pool fire. The standard fire exposure is basically defined in terms of the total flux incident on the test specimen together with appropriate temperature conditions. Quantitative measurements of the thermal exposure (total heat flux) are required during both furnace calibration and actual testing.  
5.1.2 It is recognized that the thermodynamic properties of free-burning, hydrocarbon fluid pool fires have not been completely characterized and are variable depending on the size of the fire, the fuel, environmental factors (such as wind conditions), the physical relationship of the structural member to the exposing fire, and other factors. As a result, the exposure specified in these test methods is not necessarily representative of all the conditions that exist in large hydrocarbon pool fires. The specified standard exposure is based upon the best available information and testing technology. It provides a basis for comparing the relative performance of different assemblies under controlled conditions.  
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SCOPE
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1.2 It is the intent that tests conducted in accordance with these test methods will indicate whether structural members of assemblies, or fire-containment wall assemblies, will continue to perform their intended function during the period of fire exposure. These tests shall not be construed as having determined suitability for use after fire exposure.  
1.3 These test methods prescribe a standard fire exposure for comparing the relative performance of different structural and fire-containment wall assemblies under controlled laboratory conditions. The application of these test results to predict the performance of actual assemblies when exposed to large pool fires requires a careful engineering evaluation.  
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1.5 These test methods are useful for testing other items such as piping, electrical circuits in conduit, floors or decks, and cable trays. Testing of these types of items requires development of appropriate specimen details and end-point or failure criteria. Such failure criteria and test specimen descriptions are not provided in these test methods.  
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4.3 While the focus of this guide is on developing fire-risk-assessment standards for products, the general concepts presented also can be applied to processes, activities, occupancies, and buildings.
SCOPE
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1.5 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E3312-21(Guide)
Standard Guide for Mitigation of Wildfire Impact to Source Water Protection Areas and Risk to Water Utilities

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4.1 This guide addresses issues related solely to strategies and the development of a plan to address wildfire-related physical and chemical changes to water resources in Source Water Protection Areas. This guide does not include specific advice on risk assessment. Mitigation strategies and planning may consist of a wide variety of actions by individuals, communities, or organizations to prepare for the impacts of wildfires on water quality and quantity in Source Water Protection Areas (see Guide E3136).  
4.2 Source water protection activities not only help the utility identify risk, but they are also necessary to educate regulatory agencies, permitting authorities, and the community about the impacts that their actions can have on source water quality or quantity of the drinking water.  
4.3 Example Users:  
4.3.1 Federal, tribal, state, or municipal facility staff and regulators, including departments of health, water, sewer, and fire;  
4.3.2 Financial and insurance institutions;  
4.3.3 Federal, tribal, state, or local land managers;  
4.3.4 Public works staff, including water systems, groundwater supplies, surface water supplies, stormwater systems, wastewater systems, publicly owned treatment works, and agriculture water management agencies;  
4.3.5 Consultants, auditors, state, municipal and private inspectors, and compliance assistance personnel;  
4.3.6 Educational facilities such as experimental forests and nature preserves;  
4.3.7 Non-regulatory government agencies, such as the military;  
4.3.8 Wildlife management entities including government, tribal, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs);  
4.3.9 Cities, towns, and counties, especially in developing climate vulnerability strategies and plans;  
4.3.10 Commercial and residential real estate property developers, including redevelopers;  
4.3.11 Non-profits, community groups, and land owners.  
4.4 Coordination and cooperation must fit into the process for improving community prepared...
SCOPE
1.1 Overview—Wildfires pose a significant risk to water utilities as they can cause contaminants of concern to be released into surface water and groundwater supplies (1).2 This can endanger human health if systems were not designed to manage these contaminant loads.  
1.2 Purpose—Mitigation measures of wildfire effects on sediment loads, trace minerals, and contaminants of concern on runoff in a Source Water Protection Area (2) is an expanding area of study that does not have a full set of regulations at the federal or state level. This guide provides public-sector and private-sector land managers and water utility operators details on how to assess the potential impacts of wildfires on watersheds and measures that can be employed to minimize or abate those impacts prior to a wildfire occurring or after it occurs.  
1.2.1 This guide supplements existing watershed and Source Water Protection Area guidance.  
1.2.2 This guide will recommend fuel management prior to a wildfire, suppression strategies during a wildfire, and mitigation opportunities for both forests and water treatment systems after the wildfire. It will also support collaboration between involved stakeholders (see Fig. 1 below).
FIG. 1 Place-based characteristics for consideration when assessing threats to water supplies and treatment due to a wildfire (adapted from (3)).  
1.2.3 The purpose of this guide is to provide a series of options that water utilities, landowners, and land managers can implement to limit the chance of a wildfire, specifically in a drinking water watershed, and mitigation opportunities to protect drinking water after a wildfire occurs. This guide encourages consistent management of forests to limit wildfire risks to water resources. The guide presents practices and recommendations based on the best available science to provide institutional and engineering actions to reduce the likelihood of a wildfire and the potentially disas...

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ASTM
ASTM E1546-21(Guide)
Standard Guide for Development of Fire-Hazard-Assessment Standards

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended for use by those undertaking the development of fire-hazard-assessment standards. Such standards are expected to be useful to manufacturers, architects, specification writers, and authorities having jurisdiction.  
4.2 As a guide, this document provides information on an approach to the development of a fire hazard standard; fixed procedures are not established. Limitations of data, available tests and models, and scientific knowledge may constitute significant constraints on the fire-hazard-assessment procedure.  
4.3 While the focus of this guide is on developing fire-hazard-assessment standards for products, the general concepts presented also may apply to processes, activities, occupancies, and buildings.  
4.4 When developing fire-risk-assessment standards, use Guide E1776. The present guide also contains some of the guidance to develop such a fire-risk assessment standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the development of fire-hazard-assessment standards.  
1.2 This guide is directed toward development of standards that will provide procedures for assessing fire hazards harmful to people, animals, or property.  
1.3 Fire-hazard assessment and fire-risk assessment are both procedures for assessing the potential for harm caused by something–the subject of the assessment–when it is involved in fire, where the involvement in fire is assessed relative to a number of defined fire scenarios.  
1.4 Both fire-hazard assessment and fire-risk assessment provide information that can be used to address a larger group of fire scenarios. Fire-hazard assessment provides information on the maximum potential for harm that can be caused by the fire scenarios that are analyzed or by any less severe fire scenarios. Fire-risk assessment uses information on the relative likelihood of the fire scenarios that are analyzed and the additional fire scenarios that each analyzed scenario represents. In these two ways, fire-hazard assessment and fire-risk assessment allow the user to support certain statements about the potential for harm caused by something when it is involved in fire, generally.  
1.5 Fire-hazard assessment is appropriate when the goal is to characterize maximum potential for harm under worst-case conditions. Fire-risk assessment is appropriate when the goal is to characterize overall risk (average severity) or to characterize the likelihood of worst-case outcomes. It is important that the user select the appropriate type of assessment procedure for the statements the user wants to support.  
1.6 Fire-hazard assessment is addressed in this guide and fire-risk assessment is addressed in Guide E1776.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
1.9 This standard is used to predict or provide a quantitative measure of the fire hazard from a specified set of fire conditions involving specific materials, products, or assemblies. This assessment does not necessarily predict the hazard of actual fires which involve conditions other than those assumed in the analysis.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    24 pages
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  • Guide
    24 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off