ASTM D5763-95(2001)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Oxidation and Thermal Stability Characteristics of Gear Oils Using Universal Glassware
Standard Test Method for Oxidation and Thermal Stability Characteristics of Gear Oils Using Universal Glassware
SCOPE
1.1 This test method overs the determination of the oxidation characteristics of extreme pressure and non-extreme pressure gear oils and includes the quantitative determination of total sludge, viscosity change, and oil loss.
Note 1—While the round-robin tests used ISO VG 220 extreme pressure gear oils for developing precision data, the test method can be extended to other viscosity grades and to non-extreme pressure gear oils. Refer to Classification D 2422 for viscosity grades.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D5763–95 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Test Method for
Oxidation and Thermal Stability Characteristics of Gear Oils
Using Universal Glassware
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5763; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oxida- 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
tion characteristics of extreme pressure and non-extreme pres- 3.1.1 adherentsludge,n—sludgethatisformedonthewalls
sure gear oils and includes the quantitative determination of of a container and is not easily removed.
total sludge, viscosity change, and oil loss. 3.1.2 aliquot, n—portion of sample being tested that is a
representative portion of the whole.
NOTE 1—While the round-robin tests used ISO VG 220 extreme
3.1.3 extreme pressure gear oil, n—gear oil that contains
pressure gear oils for developing precision data, the test method can be
chemical additives, such as sulfur and phosphorus compounds,
extended to other viscosity grades and to non-extreme pressure gear oils.
Refer to Classification D 2422 for viscosity grades. whichproduceaprotectivefilmonthemetalsurfacetoprovide
anti-scuffing and anti-scoring properties.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.4 filterable sludge, n—sludge that is formed in the oil.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1.5 non-extreme pressure gear oil, n, n—gear oil that
only.
contains no extreme pressure additives.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.6 oxidation, n—the process by which oxygen chemi-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
cally reacts with materials.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.7 sludge, n—in gear oils, a precipitate that sometimes
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
forms as the oil ages or oxidizes.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.8 universal glassware, n—the glassware that is de-
2. Referenced Documents scribed in the universal oxidation thermal stability test. Refer
to Guide D 4871.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
4. Summary of Test Method
and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic
2 4.1 The viscosity of the gear oil being tested is determined.
Viscosity)
A100-galiquotoftheoilinaweighedapparatusissubjectedto
D 2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by
2 a temperature of 120°C for 312 h while dry air is passed
Viscosity System
through the aliquot at 3 L/h.
D 2893 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of
2 4.2 At the end of the stress period, the aliquot is cooled to
Extreme-Pressure Lubrication Oils
room temperature.The apparatus is reweighed to determine oil
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
3 loss. Filterable sludge is recovered by vacum filtration using a
Petroleum Products
2.8-µm glass fiber filter medium. The viscosity of the filtered
D 4871 Guide for Universal Oxidation/Thermal Stability
3 oil is determined. Sludge adhering to the oxidation cell and
Test Apparatus
4 associated glassware is rinsed with heptane and the washings
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
passed through the same filter used to filter the filterable
sludge. The filter is dried in an oven to a constant weight to
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on determine the total filterable sludge.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
4.3 The apparatus is dried and weighed to determine the
D02.09 on Oxidation.
amountofadherentsludge.Thesumofthefilterablesludgeand
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1995. Published October 1995.
adherent sludge is reported as total sludge. The percentage
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
change in viscosity and percent oil loss are also reported.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5763–95 (2001)
5. Significance and Use 6.10 Thermometer, ASTM solvent distillation thermometer
having a range from 98 to 152°C and conforming to the
5.1 Degradation of gear oils by oxidation or thermal break-
requirement for Thermometer 41C in accordance with Speci-
down, or both, can result in sludge buildup and render the oil
fication E 1.
unsuitable for further use as a lubricant.
6.11 VacuumSource,toprovidepressurereductionto100 6
5.2 This is the only test method that employs glassware to
5 mm Hg absolute pressure.
measure the amount of sludge produced during oxidation and
thermal degradation. This test method is a modification of Test
7. Reagents and Materials
Method D 2893 which measures the viscosity increase and
7.1 Air Supply, dried air, oil free, at constant pressure to
precipitation number of the oil stressed at 95°C, but does not
permit 3 L/h air flow through the system. House air supply or
measure the amount of sludge formed.
pressurized air cylinders can be used.
5.3 This test method can be used to evaluate the oxidation/
7.2 CalciumSulfateDesiccant,Anhydrous, indicating grade
thermal stability of gear oils. However, the test results may not
(desiccant that changes color when it nears saturation with
correlate with the performance of gear oils in field service.
water). Desiccants equivalent to calcium sulfate can be used.
7.3 Heptane, minimum purity—99.75 %. (Warning—
6. Apparatus
Heptane is flammable and a health hazard.)
6.1 Heating Bath, or Block , thermostatically controlled,
capable of maintaining the oil sample in the oxidation cell at a
8. Sampling
uniform temperature of 120 6 1°C and large enough to hold a
8.1 Samples for this test method can come from tanks,
minimum of two oxidation cells and sufficiently deep to allow
drums, small containers, or operating equipment. Therefore,
approximately 120 mm of the test tubes to extend above the
use the applicable apparatus and techniques described in
heating liquid or block. The heating block is further described
Practice D 4057 to obtain suitable samples.
in Test Method D 4871.
5 8.2 Special precautions to preserve the integrity of a sample
6.2 OxidationCell , consists of borosilicate glass; a 38- mm
will not normally be required. It is good practice to avoid
inside diameter and a 300 6 5-mm length is required.
undue exposure of samples to heat, sunlight, or strong direct
NOTE 2—While the round-robin test used the oxidation cell from a
light. Visibly heterogeneous samples should not be used.
specific equipment manufacturer in determining the precision statement,
8.3 It is recommended that a 200-mL representative be
the test method permits the use of other oxidation cells that meet the
obtained.To ensure the aliquot being tested is representative of
requirements of 6.2.
thesample,agitation;forexample,stirringorshakingoftheoil
6.3 Air Delivery Tube , a borosilicate glass tube having an
prior to obtaining an aliquot, is recommended.
inside diameter of 5 mm and a minimum length of 320 mm,
with the lower tip cut at a 45° angle.
9. Preparation of Apparatus
9.1 Cleaning Glassware:
NOTE 3—The oxidation cell and delivery tube are further described in
Test Method D 4871. 9.1.1 Clean new glassware by washing with a hot detergent
solution (using a bristle brush) and rinse thoroughly with tap
6.4 Flowmeters , one for each oxidation cell, capable of
water. When any visible deposits remain, soaking with a hot
measuring an air flow of 3 L/h6 0.5 L/h.
detergent solution can be helpful. After final cleaning by
6.5 AirDryer—Beforebeingsuppliedtotheflowmeters,the
soaking with a suitable cleaning solution rinse thoroughly with
air shall be passed through a drying tower packed with
tap water and then distilled water, and allow to dry at room
indicating grade anhydrous calcium sulfate or equivalent. The
temperature or in an oven.
quantity of desiccant should be sufficient to last for the entire
9.1.2 Used glassware should be cleaned immediately fol-
test. It is recommended that the drying tower be filled with
lowingtheendofatest.Whenadditionalcleaningisnecessary,
fresh desiccant prior to the test.
use a non-chromic acid containing cleaning solution.
6.6 Filter, glass fiber, 2.8-µm porosity, 47 mm in diameter.
9.2 Heating Block or Bath—Ensure that the heating block
6.7 Balance, electronic, top-loading, capable of weighing to
or bath is able to heat the oxidation cell at the control
thenearestcentigram(0.01g)andhavingthecapacitytoweigh
temperature of 120°C.
up to 2000 g.
9.3 Flowmeter—Ensure that the flowmeter is capable of
6.8 Filter Holder, 47 mm, consisting of a borosilicate glass
delivering the desired flow rate of 3.0 L of air per hour.
funnel and a funnel base with a coarse-grade fritted glass filter
support or stainless steel screen support such that the filter can
10. Procedure
be clamped between the ground glass sealing surfaces of the
10.1 Using Test Method D 445, determine the viscosity of
funnel and its base by means of a metal clamp
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.