ASTM D5575-99(2003)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Copolymers of Vinylidene Fluoride (VDF) with Other Fluorinated Monomers
Standard Specification for Copolymers of Vinylidene Fluoride (VDF) with Other Fluorinated Monomers
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers both developing property designations and specifications for thermoplastic compositions consisting of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) polymers modified with other fluoromonomers and property-enhancing additives. The other fluoromonomers include one or more of the following: hexafluoropropylene (HFP), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE). The additives are those that improve its flame resistance, processing, or physical properties. However, these additives are not normally considered to be reinforcing. This specification covers thermoplastic compositions supplied in pellet or powder forms.
1.2 A designation or specification applies only to the virgin polymers prepared from vinylidene fluoride (>50 weight %) with one or more of the following comonomers: hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene, and chlorotrifluoroethylene. These polymers may contain additives to enhance certain properties.
1.3 This system constitutes a line callout as a means of designating and specifying properties of VDF-based copolymers. At least four of the designated properties are used to define a polymer's specification. Specification criteria from international documents can be used if their criteria match designation properties currently used by this specification. This specification is not intended for the selection of materials.
1.4 The manufacturer of the virgin resin shall establish the designation of a resin based on the property value criteria in this specification.
1.5 The minimum specification properties are established by this specification. Additional specification properties, based on the designation properties cited, can be established by the resin supplier and customer.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard and the practices of IEEE/ASTM SI-10 incorporated herein, except where common usage or test method specify common units acceptable within IEEE/ASTM SI-10.
1.7 The property tests are intended to provide information for specifications of modified VDF-copolymer compositions. It is not the purpose of this specification to provide engineering data for design purposes.
Note 1—Although the values listed in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, Table 5 are necessary to include the range of properties available in existing materials, they should not be interpreted as implying that every possible combination of the properties exists or can be obtained. It is possible for a user or designer, using , to call out property relationships that are physically impossible to occur in a copolymer made using current technology.
Note 2—Many of these polymers exhibit polymorphism. The type and extent of crystalline structure can vary with the thermomechanical history of the sample. Specimens prepared by different techniques could have properties that may vary.
1.8 Test methods used in this specification may involve the incidental production of hazardous materials. Modified VDF polymer fluoroplastics melt between 90 and 182°C (194 and 359°F) and are thermally stable up to about 350°C (662°F), or somewhat higher, depending on the composition. Evolution of corrosive, colorless, and toxic hydrogen fluoride can occur under certain conditions.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Warning in 1.8 and Section 10 for specific hazards statements.
Note 3—Most of the technical content of this specification is included as part of ISO 12086/1, 2. These standards have been approved for publication and are in the final editing process. Many designations from the ISO standards will be similar to those from this ASTM specification.
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Designation: D 5575 – 99 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Specification for
Copolymers of Vinylidene Fluoride (VDF) with Other
Fluorinated Monomers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5575; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard and the practices of IEEE/ASTMSI–10 incorporated
1.1 This specification covers both developing property des-
herein, except where common usage or test method specify
ignations and specifications for thermoplastic compositions
common units acceptable within IEEE/ASTMSI–10.
consisting of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) polymers modified
1.7 The property tests are intended to provide information
with other fluoromonomers and property-enhancing additives.
forspecificationsofmodifiedVDF-copolymercompositions.It
The other fluoromonomers include one or more of the follow-
is not the purpose of this specification to provide engineering
ing: hexafluoropropylene (HFP), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE),
data for design purposes.
and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE). The additives are those
that improve its flame resistance, processing, or physical
NOTE 1—Although the values listed in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table
properties. However, these additives are not normally consid-
4, Table 5 are necessary to include the range of properties available in
existing materials, they should not be interpreted as implying that every
ered to be reinforcing. This specification covers thermoplastic
possible combination of the properties exists or can be obtained. It is
compositions supplied in pellet or powder forms.
possible for a user or designer, using Tables 1-5, to call out property
1.2 Adesignation or specification applies only to the virgin
relationships that are physically impossible to occur in a copolymer made
polymers prepared from vinylidene fluoride (>50 weight %)
using current technology.
with one or more of the following comonomers: hexafluoro- 3
NOTE 2—Manyofthesepolymersexhibitpolymorphism. Thetypeand
propylene, tetrafluoroethylene, and chlorotrifluoroethylene.
extent of crystalline structure can vary with the thermomechanical history
These polymers may contain additives to enhance certain of the sample. Specimens prepared by different techniques could have
properties that may vary.
properties.
1.3 This system constitutes a line callout as a means of
1.8 Test methods used in this specification may involve the
designating and specifying properties of VDF-based copoly-
incidental production of hazardous materials. Modified VDF
mers. At least four of the designated properties are used to
polymer fluoroplastics melt between 90 and 182°C (194 and
define a polymer’s specification. Specification criteria from
359°F) and are thermally stable up to about 350°C (662°F), or
international documents can be used if their criteria match
somewhat higher, depending on the composition. Warning—
designation properties currently used by this specification.
Evolution of corrosive, colorless, and toxic hydrogen fluoride
Thisspecificationisnotintendedfortheselectionofmaterials.
can occur under certain conditions.
1.4 The manufacturer of the virgin resin shall establish the
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
designation of a resin based on the property value criteria in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
this specification.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.5 Theminimumspecificationpropertiesareestablishedby
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
this specification.Additional specification properties, based on
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.SeeWarning in1.8
thedesignationpropertiescited,canbeestablishedbytheresin
and Section 10 for specific hazards statements.
supplier and customer.
NOTE 3—Many,butnotallofthecodesandspecificationsfoundinthis
standard are also in ISO12086-1 and ISO12086-2.
2. Referenced Documents
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Materials.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2003. Published December 2003. Originally
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D5575-99.
This standard is needed to cover commercial products outside the scope of Lovinger, A. J., “Poly(vinylidene fluoride),” Developments in Crystalline
Specification D3222. Polymers, Vol 1, Chapter 5, D.C. Bassett, Ed., Applied Science, London, 1982.
2 4
Fluoropolymer property specification data from international standards can For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
include properties intentionally excluded from this specification (for example, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
composition).The only property criteria from other documents that can be used are Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
those having similar properties allowed under the designation system. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5575 – 99 (2003)
TABLE 1 Codes for the Information on Fluoropolymers Used in
D792 TestMethodsforSpecificGravity(RelativeDensity)
Data Block 1
and Density of Plastics by Displacement (ISO1183)
Code Meaning
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics (ISO472, ISO
A modified
1043/1, -2)
B block copolymer
D1238 Test Method for Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by
H homopolymer
Extrusion Plastometer (ISO1133)
K copolymer
L graft polymer D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
R random copolymer
Plastics
Z other
D1999 Guide for the Selection of Specimens and Test
Parameters for International Commerce
D2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen
TABLE 2 Code-Letters Used in Data Block 2 (Intended
Application or Method of Processing, Essential Properties, ConcentrationtoSupportCandle-likeCombustionofPlas-
Additives, or Other Information
tics (Oxygen Index) (ISO4583)
Code Position 1 Code Positions 2 to 8 D 3222 Specification for Unmodified Poly(Vinylidene
Fluoride) (PVDF) Molding, Extrusion, and Coating Mate-
A adhesives C colored
B blow molding D powder
rials
B1 extrusion blow molding D2 free-flowing
D3418 Test Method for Transition Temperatures of Poly-
B2 injection blow molding D3 not free-flowing
mers by Thermal Analysis
C calendaring E expandable
E extrusion F special burning characteristics
D3835 Test Method for Determination of Properties of
G general use F1 nonflammable
Polymeric Materials by Means of a Capillary Rheometer
H coating F2 flame retarded
D3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
H1 powder coating F4 reduced smoke emission
H2 dip coating G granules
D4591 Test Method for Determining Temperatures and
K cable and wire coating G1 pellets
Heats of Transitions of Fluoropolymers by Differential
L monofilament extrusion L light and weather stabilized
Scanning Calorimetry
M molding (injection/transfer) M nucleated
Q compression molding N natural (no color added)
D4703 Practice for Compression Molding Thermoplastic
R rotational molding N1 suitable for food contact
Materials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or Sheets
V thermoforming N2 high purity
D5740 GuideforWritingMaterialStandardsintheD4000
X no indication P impact modified
Y textile yarns, spinning R mold release agent
Format
Z other S lubricated
IEEE/ASTMS1–10 Standard for Use of the International
T transparent
System of Units (SI)
T1 translucent
T2 opaque
2.2 IEC and ISO Standards:
W1 improved chemical resistance
Y increased electrical conductivity IEC 93 Recommended Methods of Test for Volume and
Z antistatic
Surface Resistivities of Electrical Insulating Materials
IEC 250 Recommended Methods for the Determination of
the Permittivity and Dielectric Dissipation Factor of
TABLE 3 Designatory and Specification Properties for Data
Electrical Insulating Materials at Power,Audio and Radio
Block 3
Frequencies Including Metre Wavelengths
A
Position Number Property
ISO 291 Plastics—StandardAtmospheres for Conditioning
B
1 melt temperature
and Testing (Practice D618)
B
2 melt flow rate/melt viscosity
B
ISO 293 Plastics—Compression Molding Test Specimens
3 tensile strength and modulus
4 tensile elongation
of Thermoplastic Materials (Practice4703)
B
5 density
ISO 472 Plastics—Vocabulary (Terminology D883)
6 electrical
ISO 527/1,2,3 Plastics—Determination of Tensile Proper-
7 flammability by oxygen index (OI)
8 specimen preparation method and type
ties (Test Method D638)
A
Property test information for Positions 1 to 7 are given in Section 8.
ISO1043/1 Plastics—Symbols—Part1:SymbolsforBasic
B
Positions1,2,3,and5aremandatedastheminimumspecificationproperties.
Polymers and Their Special Characteristics (Terminology
D883)
ISO 1043/2 Plastics—Symbols—Part 2: Fillers and Rein-
NOTE 4—For ASTM and ISO documents, the equivalent or a compa-
forcing Materials (Terminology D883)
rable method is listed after each citation in parentheses.
ISO 1133 Plastics—Determination of the Melt Mass-Flow
D150 Test Methods for A-C Loss Characteristics and
Rate (MFR) and the Melt Volume-Flow Rate (MVR) of
Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insu-
Thermoplastics (Test Method D1238)
lating Materials (IEC250)
ISO 1183 Plastics—Methods for Determining Density and
D257 Test Methods for D-C Resistance or Conductance of
Relative Density of Non-Cellular Plastics (Test Methods
Insulating Materials (IEC93)
D792)
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
(ISO291)
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics (ISO
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
527/1,2,3) 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
D 5575 – 99 (2003)
TABLE 4 Date Block 3
Position 1 Position 2 Position 3 Position 4
Melt Viscosity/Melt-Flow Rate Tensile Strength Tensile Elongation
Melt Temp-
Melt-Flow Yield
Code Tm,° C
Load, Vis- era- Modulus,
Code Rate, Code Strength, Code Yield, % Break, %
kg cosity, ture, MPa
g/10 min MPa
A
Pa/s °C
a <20 a <0.1 <250 a <15 <500 a <5 <50
b 20 to <30 b 0.1 to< 0.2 0.325 >250 b 15 to <20 500 to< 800 b 5 to <10 50 to <100
c 30 to <40 c 0.2 to <0.5 1.20 >500 c 20 to <25 800 to< 1200 c 10 to <15 100 to <150
d 40 to< 50 d 0.5 to <1.0 2.16 >100 d 25 to< 30 1200 to <1600 d 15 to <20 150 to <200
e 50 to <60 e 1.0 to <2.0 3.80 >1500 e 30 to< 35 1600 to <2000 e 20 to <25 200 to <250
f 60 to <70 f 2.0 to <5.0 5.00 >2000 230 f 35 to< 40 2000 to< 3000 f 25 to <30 250 to <300
g 70 to <80 g 5.0 to <10 10.00 >2500 125 g 40 to< 45 3000 to< 4000 g >30 300 to <350
h 80 to< 90 h 10 to < 20 12.50 >3000 h 45 to< 50 4000 to <6000 h 350 to <400
i 90 to < 100 i 20 to <50 21.60 >3500 i 50 to< 55 >6000 i 400 to <500
j 100 to< 110 j |Ls50 31.60 j 55 to< 60 j 500 to <600
k 110 to< 120 k k 60 to <65 k 600 to< 800
l 120 to< 130 l l |Ls65 l >800
m 130 to <140 m m m
n 140 to <150 n n n
o 150 to <160 o o o
p 160 to <170 p p p
q 170 to <180 q q q
r 180 to <190 r r r
s 190 to <200 s s s
t 200 to <210 t t t
uu u u
vv v v
ww w w
xx x x
yy y y
z not specified z not specified z not specified z not specified
A
1 Pa/s = 10 P.
Position 5 Position 6 Position 7 Position 8
Specific Gravity, Electrical a-c d-c Electric Vol- Limiting Oxygen
Code Code Loss Code Code Specimen Type
g/cm Dielectric Constant ume Index
a <1.6 a >10E3 a <40 a D 638 Type I
b 1.6 to <1.7 b 10E3 to 10E12 b 40 to <50 b D 638 Type II
c 1.7 to< 1.8 c >10E12 c 50 to <60 c D 638 Type III
d 1.8 to <1.9 d d 60 to< 70 d D 638 Type IV
e 1.9 to< 2.0 e e 70 to <80 e ISO 527 Type 1A
f 2.0 to <2.1 f f 80 to <90 f ISO 527 Type 1B
g 2.1 to< 2.2 g <0.0012 g >90 g ISO 527 Type 6A
h 2.2 to< 2.3 h <3.0 <0.0014 h h ISO 527 Type 7A
i 2.3 to <2.4 i 3.0 to< 3.1 <0.0016 i i ISO 12086/1 Fig. 1
j 2.4 to <2.5 j 3.1 to <3.2 <0.0018 j j D 638M Type MI
k k 3.2 to< 3.5 <0.0020 k k D 638M Type MII
l l 3.5 to <4.0 <0.0022 l l D 638M Type MIII
m m 4.0 to< 4.5 <0.0024 m m D 1999 Type 1A
n n 4.5 to <5.0 <0.0026 n n D 1999 Type 1B
o o 5.0 to< 5.5 <0.0028 o o D 1999 Type II
p p 5.5 to <6.0 <0.0030 p p D 1708
q q 6.0 to <6.5 <0.0035 q q
r r 6.5 to <7.0 <0.0040 r r
s s 7.0 to <8.0 <0.0060 s s
t t 8.0 to <9.0 <0.0080 t t
u u 9.0 to <10 <0.0100 u u
v v 10 to <11 <0.0300 v v
w w 11 to <12 <0.1000 w w
x x 12 to <14 >0.1000 x x
y y >14 y y
z not specified z not specified not specified z not specified z
ISO 4583 Plastics—Determination of Flammability By Extrusion Materials—Part 1: Designation and Specifica-
Oxygen Index tion
ISO12086-1 Fluoropolymer Dispersion and Molding and ISO12086-2 Fluoropolymer Dispersion and Molding and
D 5575 – 99 (2003)
3.3.4 HFP—hexafluoropropylene (1,1,2,3,3,3-hexaflu-
TABLE 5 Codes for Filler and Physical Form of Materials for Use in Data
Block 4
oropropylene).
Code Material Code Form/Structure 3.3.5 MFR—melt-flow rate.
3.3.6 MV—melt viscosity.
B boron B beads, spheres, balls
C carbon C chips, cuttings
3.3.7 PVDF—poly(vinylidene fluoride). D 1600
CG graphite D powder
3.3.8 TFE—tetrafluoroethylene (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-
E clay F fiber
ethylene). D 1600
G glass G ground
K calcium carbonate H whisker
3.3.9 VDF—vinylidene fluoride (1,1,-difluoroethylene).
M mineral, metal K knitted fabric
3.3.10 VDF/CTFE—vinylidene fluoride/chlorotriflu-
Ma aluminum oxide L layer
Mb bronze M mat (thick) oroethylene copolymer.
MC calcium fluoride N nonwoven (fabric)
3.3.11 VDF/HFP—vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropro-
Md molybdenum disulfide P paper
penecopolymer.
Me stainless steel S roving
3.3.12 VDF/TFE—vinylidene fluoride/tetrafluoroethylene
P mica T scale, flake
Q silica V cord
copolymer.
R aramid W veneer
3.3.13 VDF/TFE/HFP—vinylidene fluoride/tetrafluoro-
S synthetic, organic X not specified
ethylene/hexafluoropropene copolymer.
T talcum Y yarn
X not specified Z others
Z none
4. Classification and Designation
4.1 The classification and designation system of the poly-
mersisbasedonthefollowingstandardizedpatterntakenfrom
Extrusion Materials—Part 2: Preparation of Test Speci-
ISO12086-1:
mens and Determination of Properties
Designation and Classification System
3. Terminology
Description Block
3.1 Definitions:
| Identity Block |
3.1.1 copolymer—a polymer derived from more than one
| Individual Item Block |
species of monomer. ISO 472
Data Data Data Data Data
3.1.2 fluoroplastic—a plastic based on polymers made with
Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 Block 4
...
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