ASTM D1039-94(2010)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Glass-Bonded Mica Used as Electrical Insulation
Standard Test Methods for Glass-Bonded Mica Used as Electrical Insulation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This characteristic is useful for specification purposes and has utility as a quality control parameter.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of the characteristics of glass-bonded, natural, or synthetic mica materials intended for use as electrical insulation.
1.2 Glass bonded mica materials are commercially available in both injection molded and compression molded types. These test methods are applicable to both types except for tensile strength methods. (See Section 41.)
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1039 − 94(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Methods for
Glass-Bonded Mica Used as Electrical Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1039; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of the charac- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
teristics of glass-bonded, natural, or synthetic mica materials C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
intended for use as electrical insulation. ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
1.2 Glassbondedmicamaterialsarecommerciallyavailable
C674 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Ceramic
in both injection molded and compression molded types.These
Whiteware Materials
test methods are applicable to both types except for tensile
D116 Test Methods for Vitrified Ceramic Materials for
strength methods. (See Section 41.)
Electrical Applications
1.3 The test methods appear in the following sections:
D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
Test Method Section ASTM Test Method
DielectricStrengthofSolidElectricalInsulatingMaterials
Arc Resistance 57 – 59 D495
at Commercial Power Frequencies
Compressive Strength 33 – 35 D695
D150 Test Methods forAC Loss Characteristics and Permit-
Conditioning 5 D618
Dielectric Strength 48 – 51 D149
tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
Dissipation Factor 43 – 47 D150 and D2149
D256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum
Heat Distortion Temperature 24 – 29 D648
Impact Resistance of Plastics
Impact Resistance 36 – 39 D256
Modulus of Rupture 30 – 32 D790 and C674
D257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of
Permittivity 43 – 47 D150 and D2149
Insulating Materials
Porosity 13–16 D116
Resistivity, Volume and Surface 52 – 56 D257 D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
Rockwell Hardness 10 – 12 D785
lation (Withdrawn 2013)
Specific Gravity 6 – 9 D792
D495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, Dry Arc
Specimens 4
Resistance of Solid Electrical Insulation
Tensile Strength 40 – 42 D638 and D651
Terminology 3 D1711
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
Thermal Conductivity 17 – 19 C177 and E1225
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
Thermal Expansion 20 – 23 E228 and E289
D648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics
Thickness 49 and 54 D374
Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D651 Test Method for Test for Tensile Strength of Molded
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Electrical Insulating Materials (Withdrawn 1989)
standard.
D695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Plastics
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Electrical Insulating Materials
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See also Sections
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
45, 49, 54, and 58.
als
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D09.01 on Electrical Insulating Products. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published September 2010. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D1039 – 95 (2004). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/D1039-94R10. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1039 − 94 (2010)
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela- 8. Procedure and Report
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
8.1 Determine specific gravity and report the results in
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
accordance with Test Methods D792.
D2149 Test Method for Permittivity (Dielectric Constant)
And Dissipation Factor Of Solid Dielectrics At Frequen-
9. Precision and Bias
cies To 10 MHz And Temperatures To 500°C
9.1 The precision and bias statement of Test Methods D792
D6054 Practice for Conditioning Electrical Insulating Mate-
applies to the materials covered in these test methods.
rials for Testing (Withdrawn 2012)
E228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
TEST METHOD B: ROCKWELL HARDNESS
Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
10. Significance and Use
E289 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Rigid
Solids with Interferometry
10.1 This property is useful as a quality control test and has
E1225 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Solids
application for use in specifications.
Using the Guarded-Comparative-Longitudinal Heat Flow
Technique 11. Procedure and Report
11.1 From specimens obtained in accordance with Section 4
3. Terminology
and conditioned in accordance with Section 5, determine and
report the Rockwell hardness in accordance with Procedure A
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard see
ofTestMethodD785.UsetheRockwellAscaleifthehardness
Terminology D1711.
is 115 or less, otherwise use the Rockwell E scale.
4. Test Specimens
12. Precision and Bias
4.1 Except for thermal expansion and thermal conductivity
12.1 The precision and bias statement of Test Method D785
tests and unless otherwise specified for injection molded
applies to the materials covered in these test methods.
materials, the preferred form of specimen is a disk approxi-
mately 100 mm diameter and 2.5 to 7.5 mm thickness.
TEST METHOD C: POROSITY
Alternatively, injection molded specimens may have the final
13. Significance and Use
shape and form of the finished device.
13.1 This characteristic serves as a measure of the integrity
4.2 Except for thermal expansion and thermal conductivity
of the material. The test is useful for quality control and
tests and unless otherwise specified for compression molded
specification purposes.
materials, the preferred form of specimen is a disk 100 to 150
mm diameter, or a square plate 100 to 150 mm on a side, with
14. Specimens
thickness 2.5 to 7.5 mm. The plate or disk may be molded to
14.1 Prepare specimens in accordance with Section 4 and
size or machined from a compression molded sheet.
condition them in accordance with Section 5. Then break the
4.3 For thermal expansion test specimens use specimens in
material in accordance with the porosity sections of Method B
accordance with Test Method E228 or Test Method E289 as
of Test Methods D116.
appropriate.
15. Procedure and Report
4.4 For thermal conductivity specimens use specimens in
15.1 Test the glass-bonded mica for porosity and report the
accordance with Test Method E1225.
results in accordance with Test Methods D116.
5. Conditioning
16. Precision and Bias
5.1 Unless otherwise specified, condition all samples and
16.1 The precision and bias statement of Test Methods
test specimens in accordance with Procedure A of Practice
D116 applies to the materials covered in this standard.
D6054, except condition all thicknesses for at least 16 h.
TEST METHOD D: THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
TEST METHOD A: SPECIFIC GRAVITY
17. Significance and Use
6. Significance and Use
17.1 Knowledge of this property of glass-bonded mica is
6.1 This characteristic is useful for specification purposes important for design of electrical apparatus. The test is useful
and has utility as a quality control parameter. for quality control and specification purposes.
18. Procedure and Report
7. Test Specimens
18.1 Using specimens obtained in accordance with Section
7.1 From specimens obtained in accordance with Section 4
4, make determinations and report the results for thermal
and conditioned in accordance with Section 5, cut pieces
conductivity in accordance with Test Method E1225.
weighing from 5 to 25 g and prepare them in accordance with
Test Methods D792. NOTE 1—If thermal conductivity values are required over a broader
D1039 − 94 (2010)
temperature range or of a lower order of magnitude than obtainable with
25.2 The materials of construction of theTest Method D648
Test Method E1225, Test Method C177 has been found to be satisfactory
apparatus must be capable of withstanding exposure up to 600
for measurement of the thermal conductivity perpendicular to the surface
°C.The oven used for heating of the specimen shall be capable
of specimens having large areal dimensions.
of temperature control within 65 °C throughout the tempera-
ture range 300 to 600 °C.
19. Precision and Bias
19.1 The precision and bias statement of the referenced test
26. Test Specimens
methods apply to the materials covered in these test methods.
26.1 Cut bars of glass-bonded mica approximately 120 by
TEST METHOD E: THERMAL EXPANSION
13 mm with thickness of 3 to 13 mm. Prepare at least two
specimens for testing at each load stress mandated by Test
20. Significance and Use
Method D648. Measure each specimen dimension to the
nearest 0.02 mm and record these measurements.
20.1 Data on thermal expansion of glass-bonded mica is
useful for a designer to match materials in a component so as
27. Procedure
to minimize mechanical strains caused by temperature varia-
tions encountered by the component in service. The data is
27.1 Determine the heat distortion temperature in accor-
useful to estimate the amount of strain that may develop in
dance with Test Method D648 except start the test at 300 °C.
service.
Allow each specimen to reach equilibrium before obtaining the
initial readings.
20.2 The interferometric method is better suited for exami-
nation of physically small specimens, interfaces, or local areas
27.2 Increase the temperature 50 °C.
that are under investigation. The dilatometer method is not as
27.3 Maintain the increased temperature for 60 6 5 min
precise or sensitive as the interferometric method but the
before taking readings.
dilatometer method is useful at higher temperatures and can
27.4 Continue the 50 °C interval increments until the bar
accommodate larger specimens. The results of the dilatometer
deflects 0.25 mm or more. The temperature at which 0.25 mm
method are more representative of large pieces.
deflection occurs is the heat distortion temperature.
21. Procedure
28. Report
21.1 Using specimens obtained in accordance with Section
4, measure the thermal expansion characteristics of the glass- 28.1 Report the following information:
bonded mica in accordance with either Test Method E228 or
28.1.1 The three dimensions of the specimen,
Test Method E289. 28.1.2 The distance between the supports,
28.1.3 Theloadandthestressappliedtoeachspecimen,and
22. Report
28.1.4 The heat distortion temperature for each specimen.
22.1 Report the following information:
29. Precision and Bias
22.1.1 The identity of the glass-bonded mica,
22.1.2 The method used,
29.1 The precision and bias statement of Test Method D648
22.1.3 Thethermalexpansionforthespecimenexpressedas
applies to the materials covered in these test methods.
a change in linear dimensions resulting from a specific change
TEST METHOD G: MODULUS OF RUPTURE
in temperature, and
22.1.4 The temperature range used.
30. Significance and Use
23. Precision and Bias
30.1 The modulus of rupture is a convenient means for
23.1 The precision and bias statement of the referenced test comparing mechanical properties of glass-bonded mica from
different producers.
methods apply to the materials covered in these test methods.
30.2 The method is useful for quality control and specifica-
TEST METHOD F: HEAT DISTORTION
tion purposes.
TEMPERATURE
31. Procedure and Report
24. Significance and Use
31.1 Takecylindricalspecimens13mmindiameterand150
24.1 This test is useful for the comparison of material from
mm in length and test and report in accordance with Test
different producers. It may be used as a specification require-
Methods C674.
ment.
NOTE 2—The specimens should conform to the dimensions suggested
25. Apparatus
in Table 1 of Test Methods D790 as closely as is practicable.
25.1 Aset-up for support and loading of the specimen and a
32. Precision and Bias
meansformeasuringthedeflectionisdescribedinTestMethod
D648. Modifications of this set-up in accordance with 25.2 are 32.1 TheprecisionandbiasstatementofTestMethodsC674
found satisfactory for use on specimens of glass-bonded mica. applies to the materials covered in these test methods.
D1039 − 94 (2010)
TEST METHOD H: COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH 42. Precision and Bias
42.1 The precision and bias statement of the referenced test
33. Significance and Use
methods apply to the materials covered in these test methods.
33.1 The test results have utility for quality control and
specification purposes. It is useful in comparison of glass- TEST METHOD K: RELATIVE PERMITTIVITY AND
bonded mica from different producers.
DISSIPATION FACTOR
34. Procedure and Report
43. Significance and Use
34.1 TakespecimensinaccordancewithTestMethodD695.
43.1 The results of this test have utility for quality control
Determine and report compressive strength in accordance with
and specification purposes.
Test Method D695.
43.2 In many cases, the design of efficient electrical appa-
35. Precision and Bias
ratus requires knowledge about these characteristics of glass-
bonded mica.
35.1 The precision and bias statement of Test Method D695
applies to the materials covered in these test methods.
43.3 For further information regarding the significance of
these properties, see Test Methods D150.
TEST METHOD I: IMPACT RESISTANCE
44. Specimens
36. Significance and Use
44.1 Prepare and condition specimens in accordance with
36.1 The test measures the reaction of the material to a very
Sections 4 and 5 of these test methods if relative permittivity
sudden application of forces on a very concentrated area of a
and dissipation factor at room temperature and 50 % relative
specimen. This reaction is a measure of the brittleness of
humidity are required.
glass-bonded mica.
44.2 If these properties are to be evaluat
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