ASTM D1039-16(2022)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Glass-Bonded Mica Used as Electrical Insulation
Standard Test Methods for Glass-Bonded Mica Used as Electrical Insulation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 This characteristic is useful for specification purposes and has utility as a quality control parameter.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of the characteristics of glass-bonded, natural, or synthetic mica materials intended for use as electrical insulation.
1.2 Glass bonded mica materials are commercially available in both injection molded and compression molded types. These test methods are applicable to both types except for tensile strength methods. (See Section 41.)
1.3 The test methods appear in the following sections:
Test Method
Section
ASTM Test Method
Arc Resistance
57 – 59
D495
Compressive Strength
33 – 35
D695
Conditioning
5
D618
Dielectric Strength
48 – 51
D149
Dissipation Factor
43 – 47
D150 and D2149
Heat Distortion Temperature
24 – 29
D648
Impact Resistance
36 – 39
D256
Modulus of Rupture
30 – 32
D790 and C674
Permittivity
43 – 47
D150 and D2149
Porosity
13 – 16
D116
Resistivity, Volume and Surface
52 – 56
D257
Rockwell Hardness
10 – 12
D785
Specific Gravity
6 – 9
D792
Specimens
4
Tensile Strength
40 – 42
D638 and D651
Terminology
3
D1711
Thermal Conductivity
17 – 19
C177 and E1225
Thermal Expansion
20 – 23
E228 and E289
Thickness
49 and 54
D374
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See also Sections 45, 49, 54, and 58.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1039 − 16 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Methods for
Glass-Bonded Mica Used as Electrical Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1039; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of the charac-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
teristics of glass-bonded, natural, or synthetic mica materials
intended for use as electrical insulation.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 Glassbondedmicamaterialsarecommerciallyavailable
2.1 ASTM Standards:
in both injection molded and compression molded types.These
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
test methods are applicable to both types except for tensile
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
strength methods. (See Section 41.)
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
1.3 The test methods appear in the following sections:
C674 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Ceramic
Test Method Section ASTM Test Method
Whiteware Materials
Arc Resistance 57 – 59 D495
D116 Test Methods for Vitrified Ceramic Materials for
Compressive Strength 33 – 35 D695
Electrical Applications
Conditioning 5 D618
Dielectric Strength 48 – 51 D149
D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
Dissipation Factor 43 – 47 D150 and D2149
DielectricStrengthofSolidElectricalInsulatingMaterials
Heat Distortion Temperature 24 – 29 D648
at Commercial Power Frequencies
Impact Resistance 36 – 39 D256
Modulus of Rupture 30 – 32 D790 and C674
D150 Test Methods forAC Loss Characteristics and Permit-
Permittivity 43 – 47 D150 and D2149
tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
Porosity 13–16 D116
D256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum
Resistivity, Volume and Surface 52 – 56 D257
Rockwell Hardness 10 – 12 D785
Impact Resistance of Plastics
Specific Gravity 6 – 9 D792
D257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of
Specimens 4
Insulating Materials
Tensile Strength 40 – 42 D638 and D651
Terminology 3 D1711
D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
Thermal Conductivity 17 – 19 C177 and E1225
lation (Metric) D0374_D0374M
Thermal Expansion 20 – 23 E228 and E289
D495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, DryArc
Thickness 49 and 54 D374
Resistance of Solid Electrical Insulation
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
standard.
D648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D651 Test Method for Test for Tensile Strength of Molded
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Electrical Insulating Materials (Withdrawn 1989)
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Plastics
See also Sections 45, 49, 54, and 58.
D785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
Electrical Insulating Materials
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1 2
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D09.01 on Electrical Insulating Products. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published May 2022. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D1039 – 16. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D1039-16R22. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1039 − 16 (2022)
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi- 8. Procedure and Report
als
8.1 Determine specific gravity and report the results in
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
accordance with Test Methods D792.
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
9. Precision and Bias
D2149 Test Method for Permittivity (Dielectric Constant)
9.1 The precision and bias statement of Test Methods D792
and Dissipation Factor of Solid Dielectrics at Frequencies
applies to the materials covered in these test methods.
to 10 MHz and Temperatures to 500 °C
D6054 Practice for Conditioning Electrical Insulating Mate-
TEST METHOD B: ROCKWELL HARDNESS
rials for Testing (Withdrawn 2012)
10. Significance and Use
E228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
10.1 This property is useful as a quality control test and has
E289 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Rigid
application for use in specifications.
Solids with Interferometry
E1225 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Solids 11. Procedure and Report
Using the Guarded-Comparative-Longitudinal Heat Flow
11.1 From specimens obtained in accordance with Section 4
Technique
and conditioned in accordance with Section 5, determine and
report the Rockwell hardness in accordance with Procedure A
3. Terminology
ofTestMethodD785.UsetheRockwellAscaleifthehardness
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard see
is 115 or less, otherwise use the Rockwell E scale.
Terminology D1711.
12. Precision and Bias
4. Test Specimens
12.1 The precision and bias statement of Test Method D785
4.1 Except for thermal expansion and thermal conductivity
applies to the materials covered in these test methods.
tests and unless otherwise specified for injection molded
materials, the preferred form of specimen is a disk approxi-
TEST METHOD C: POROSITY
mately 100 mm diameter and 2.5 mm to 7.5 mm thickness.
13. Significance and Use
Alternatively, it is allowable for injection molded specimens to
have the final shape and form of the finished device.
13.1 This characteristic serves as a measure of the integrity
of the material. The test is useful for quality control and
4.2 Except for thermal expansion and thermal conductivity
specification purposes.
tests and unless otherwise specified for compression molded
materials, the preferred form of specimen is a disk 100 mm to
14. Specimens
150 mm diameter, or a square plate 100 mm to 150 mm on a
14.1 Prepare specimens in accordance with Section 4 and
side, with thickness 2.5 mm to 7.5 mm. It is allowable for the
condition them in accordance with Section 5. Then break the
plate or disk to be molded to size or machined from a
material in accordance with the porosity sections of Method B
compression molded sheet.
of Test Methods D116.
4.3 For thermal expansion test specimens use specimens in
accordance with Test Method E228 or Test Method E289 as
15. Procedure and Report
appropriate.
15.1 Test the glass-bonded mica for porosity and report the
4.4 For thermal conductivity specimens use specimens in
results in accordance with Test Methods D116.
accordance with Test Method E1225.
16. Precision and Bias
5. Conditioning
16.1 The precision and bias statement of Test Methods
5.1 Unless otherwise specified, condition all samples and
D116 applies to the materials covered in this standard.
test specimens in accordance with Procedure A of Practice
D6054, except condition all thicknesses for at least 16 h. TEST METHOD D: THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
TEST METHOD A: SPECIFIC GRAVITY
17. Significance and Use
17.1 Knowledge of this property of glass-bonded mica is
6. Significance and Use
important for design of electrical apparatus. The test is useful
6.1 This characteristic is useful for specification purposes
for quality control and specification purposes.
and has utility as a quality control parameter.
18. Procedure and Report
7. Test Specimens
18.1 Using specimens obtained in accordance with Section
7.1 From specimens obtained in accordance with Section 4
4, make determinations and report the results for thermal
and conditioned in accordance with Section 5, cut pieces
conductivity in accordance with Test Method E1225.
weighingfrom5 gto25gandpreparetheminaccordancewith
Test Methods D792. NOTE 1—If thermal conductivity values are required over a broader
D1039 − 16 (2022)
temperature range or of a lower order of magnitude than obtainable with
°C.The oven used for heating of the specimen shall be capable
Test Method E1225, Test Method C177 has been found to be satisfactory
of temperature control within 65 °C throughout the tempera-
for measurement of the thermal conductivity perpendicular to the surface
ture range 300 °C to 600 °C.
of specimens having large areal dimensions.
19. Precision and Bias
26. Test Specimens
19.1 The precision and bias statement of the referenced test
26.1 Cut bars of glass-bonded mica approximately 120 mm
methods apply to the materials covered in these test methods.
by 13 mm with thickness of 3 mm to 13 mm. Prepare at least
two specimens for testing at each load stress mandated by Test
TEST METHOD E: THERMAL EXPANSION
Method D648. Measure each specimen dimension to the
nearest 0.02 mm and record these measurements.
20. Significance and Use
20.1 Data on thermal expansion of glass-bonded mica is
27. Procedure
useful for a designer to match materials in a component so as
27.1 Determine the heat distortion temperature in accor-
to minimize mechanical strains caused by temperature varia-
dance with Test Method D648 except start the test at 300 °C.
tions encountered by the component in service. The data is
Allow each specimen to reach equilibrium before obtaining the
useful to estimate the amount of strain that develops in service.
initial readings.
20.2 The interferometric method is better suited for exami-
nation of physically small specimens, interfaces, or local areas 27.2 Increase the temperature 50 °C.
that are under investigation. The dilatometer method is not as
27.3 Maintain the increased temperature for 60 6 5 min
precise or sensitive as the interferometric method but the
before taking readings.
dilatometer method is useful at higher temperatures and can
27.4 Continue the 50 °C interval increments until the bar
accommodate larger specimens. The results of the dilatometer
deflects 0.25 mm or more. The temperature at which 0.25 mm
method are more representative of large pieces.
deflection occurs is the heat distortion temperature.
21. Procedure
28. Report
21.1 Using specimens obtained in accordance with Section
4, measure the thermal expansion characteristics of the glass-
28.1 Report the following information:
bonded mica in accordance with either Test Method E228 or
28.1.1 The three dimensions of the specimen,
Test Method E289.
28.1.2 The distance between the supports,
22. Report 28.1.3 Theloadandthestressappliedtoeachspecimen,and
28.1.4 The heat distortion temperature for each specimen.
22.1 Report the following information:
22.1.1 The identity of the glass-bonded mica,
29. Precision and Bias
22.1.2 The method used,
22.1.3 Thethermalexpansionforthespecimenexpressedas
29.1 The precision and bias statement of Test Method D648
a change in linear dimensions resulting from a specific change
applies to the materials covered in these test methods.
in temperature, and
TEST METHOD G: MODULUS OF RUPTURE
22.1.4 The temperature range used.
23. Precision and Bias
30. Significance and Use
23.1 The precision and bias statement of the referenced test
30.1 The modulus of rupture is a convenient means for
methods apply to the materials covered in these test methods.
comparing mechanical properties of glass-bonded mica from
different producers.
TEST METHOD F: HEAT DISTORTION
TEMPERATURE
30.2 The method is useful for quality control and specifica-
tion purposes.
24. Significance and Use
24.1 This test is useful for the comparison of material from
31. Procedure and Report
different producers. It is suitable for use as a specification
31.1 Takecylindricalspecimens13mmindiameterand150
requirement.
mm in length and test and report in accordance with Test
Methods C674.
25. Apparatus
25.1 Aset-up for support and loading of the specimen and a
NOTE 2—It is desirable that the specimens conform to the dimensions
suggested in Table 1 of Test Methods D790 as closely as is practicable.
meansformeasuringthedeflectionisdescribedinTestMethod
D648. Modifications of this set-up in accordance with 25.2 are
32. Precision and Bias
found satisfactory for use on specimens of glass-bonded mica.
25.2 The materials of construction of theTest Method D648 32.1 TheprecisionandbiasstatementofTestMethodsC674
apparatus must be capable of withstanding exposure up to 600 applies to the materials covered in these test methods.
D1039 − 16 (2022)
TEST METHOD H: COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH 42. Precision and Bias
42.1 The precision and bias statement of the referenced test
33. Significance and Use
methods apply to the materials covered in these test methods.
33.1 The test results have utility for quality control and
specification purposes. It is useful in comparison of glass- TEST METHOD K: RELATIVE PERMITTIVITY AND
bonded mica from different producers.
DISSIPATION FACTOR
34. Procedure and Report
43. Significance and Use
34.1 TakespecimensinaccordancewithTestMethodD695.
43.1 The results of this test have utility for quality control
Determine and report compressive strength in accordance with
and specification purposes.
Test Method D695.
43.2 In many cases, the design of efficient electrical appa-
35. Precision and Bias
ratus requires knowledge about these characteristics of glass-
bonded mica.
35.1 The precision and bias statement of Test Method D695
applies to the materials covered in these test methods.
43.3 For further information regarding the significance of
th
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