ASTM E2399/E2399M-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Maximum Media Density for Dead Load Analysis of Vegetative (Green) Roof Systems
Standard Test Method for Maximum Media Density for Dead Load Analysis of Vegetative (Green) Roof Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method describes simple laboratory methods that provide reproducible measurements of critical media properties, and permit direct comparisons to be made between different media materials.
5.2 The density of mixed media materials will vary depending on the degree to which they are subjected to compaction and the length of time that the material is allowed to hydrate and subsequently drain. Most green roof media materials have a large capacity to absorb and retain moisture. Furthermore, moisture will drain gradually from the media following a hydration cycle. The maximum media density measured in this procedure approaches the density at the theoretical saturation point.
5.3 Existing methods for measuring the capillary-moisture relationship for soils (Test Method D2325) rely on sample preparation procedures (Test Methods D698) that are not consistent with the conditions associated with the placement of green roof media materials. This procedure is intended to provide a reproducible laboratory procedure for predicting the maximum media density, moisture content, air-filled porosity, and water permeability under conditions that more closely replicate field conditions on green roofs.
5.4 The value of this test method to the green roof designer is that it provides an objective measure of maximum probable media density (under drained conditions) for estimating structural loads. It also provides a method for estimating the lower limit for the water permeability of the in-place media. This latter value is important when considering drainage conditions in green roofs. Finally, the maximum media water retention has been shown to be a useful indicator of the moisture retention properties of green roof media.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the maximum media density for purposes of estimating the maximum dead load for green roof assemblies. The method also provides a measure of the moisture content, the air-filled porosity, and the water permeability measured at the maximum media density.
1.2 This procedure is suitable for green roof media that contain no more than 30 % organic material as measured using the loss on ignition, as described in Test Methods E177, Test Method C. The test specimen should be a bulk oven-dried sample prepared according to Test Methods E177, Test Method A.
1.3 The maximum media density and associated moisture content measured in this procedure applies to drained conditions near the saturation point.
1.4 The test method is intended to emulate vertical percolation rates for water in green roofs.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E2399/E2399M − 15
Standard Test Method for
Maximum Media Density for Dead Load Analysis of
1
Vegetative (Green) Roof Systems
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE2399/E2399M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
maximum media density for purposes of estimating the maxi- D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
3
mum dead load for green roof assemblies. The method also istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600
3
provides a measure of the moisture content, the air-filled kN-m/m ))
porosity, and the water permeability measured at the maximum D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water
media density. (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D2325 Test Method for Capillary-Moisture Relationships
1.2 This procedure is suitable for green roof media that
for Coarse- and Medium-Textured Soils by Porous-Plate
contain no more than 30 % organic material as measured using
3
Apparatus (Withdrawn 2007)
the loss on ignition, as described in Test Methods E177, Test
D2947 Test Method for Screen Analysis of Asbestos Fibers
Method C. The test specimen should be a bulk oven-dried
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
sample prepared according toTest Methods E177,Test Method
Sieves
A.
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
1.3 The maximum media density and associated moisture
ASTM Test Methods
content measured in this procedure applies to drained condi-
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
tions near the saturation point.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.4 The test method is intended to emulate vertical perco-
lation rates for water in green roofs. E2114 Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Perfor-
mance of Buildings
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3. Terminology
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.1 Definitions:
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.1.1 For terms related to building construction, refer to
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
Terminology E631.
with the standard.
3.1.2 For terms related to sustainability relative to the
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
performance of buildings, refer to Terminology E2114.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1 air-filled porosity—the air-filled porosity, also known
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
as void ratio or non-capillary porosity, is a measure of the air
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
volume remaining in a sample after it has been compacted to
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.24 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Sustainability. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2015.PublishedJuly2015.Originallyapproved the ASTM website.
3
in 2005. Last previously approved in 2011 as E2399 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/E2399_ The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
E2399M-15. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2399/E2399M − 15
the maximum media density and when the moisture content 5. Significance and Use
equals the maximum media water retention. In this method, the
5.1 This test method describes simple laboratory methods
air-filled porosity does not include closed-cell particle porosity
that provide reproducible measurements of critical media
or porosity that is unavailable to be filled by water when the
properties, and permit direct comparisons to be made between
sample is immersed.
different media materials.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—This property has two important appli-
5.2 The density of mixed media materials will vary depend-
cations:
ing on the degree to which they are subjected to compaction
(1) Itisanindicatoroftheviabilityofmediatosupportplants
and
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2399 − 11 E2399/E2399M − 15
Standard Test Method for
Maximum Media Density for Dead Load Analysis of
1
Vegetative (Green) Roof Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2399;E2399/E2399M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the maximum media density for purposes of estimating the maximum
dead load for green roof assemblies. The method also provides a measure of the moisture content, the air-filled porosity, and the
water permeability measured at the maximum media density.
1.2 This procedure is suitable for green roof media that contain no more than 30 % organic material as measured using the loss
on ignition, as described in Test Methods E177, Test Method C. The test specimen should be a bulk oven-dried sample prepared
according to Test Methods E177, Test Method A.
1.3 The maximum media density and associated moisture content measured in this procedure applies to drained conditions near
the saturation point.
1.4 The test method is intended to emulate vertical percolation rates for water in green roofs.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values given in
parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3 3
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600 kN-m/m ))
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D2325 Test Method for Capillary-Moisture Relationships for Coarse- and Medium-Textured Soils by Porous-Plate Apparatus
3
(Withdrawn 2007)
D2947 Test Method for Screen Analysis of Asbestos Fibers
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E2114 Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Performance of Buildings
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For terms related to building construction, refer to Terminology E631.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.24 on
Sustainability.
Current edition approved April 1, 2011June 1, 2015. Published May 2011July 2015. Originally approved in 2005. Last previously approved in 20102011 as
E2399 – 10.E2399 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/E2399-11.10.1520/E2399_E2399M-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2399/E2399M − 15
3.1.2 For terms related to sustainability relative to the performance of buildings, refer to Terminology E2114.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 air-filled porosity—the air-filled porosity, also known as void ratio or non-capillary porosity, is a measure of the air volume
remaining in a sample after it has been compacted to the maximum media density and when the moisture content equals the
maximum media water retention. In this method, the air-filled porosity does not include closed-cell particle porosity or porosity
that is unavailable to be filled by water when the
...
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