ASTM E2399-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Maximum Media Density for Dead Load Analysis of Vegetative (Green) Roof Systems
Standard Test Method for Maximum Media Density for Dead Load Analysis of Vegetative (Green) Roof Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method describes simple laboratory methods that provide reproducible measurements of critical media properties, and permit direct comparisons to be made between different media materials.
The density of mixed media materials will vary depending on the degree to which they are subjected to compaction and the length of time that the material is allowed to hydrate and subsequently drain. Most green roof media materials have a large capacity to absorb and retain moisture. Furthermore, moisture will drain gradually from the media following a hydration cycle. The maximum media density measured in this procedure approaches the density at the theoretical saturation point.
Existing methods for measuring the capillary-moisture relationship for soils (Test Method D2325) rely on sample preparation procedures (Test Methods D698) that are not consistent with the conditions associated with the placement of green roof media materials. This procedure is intended to provide a reproducible laboratory procedure for predicting the maximum media density, moisture content, air-filled porosity, and water permeability under conditions that more closely replicate field conditions on green roofs.
The value of this test method to the green roof designer is that it provides an objective measure of maximum probable media density (under drained conditions) for estimating structural loads. It also provides a method for estimating the lower limit for the water permeability of the in-place media. This latter value is important when considering drainage conditions in green roofs. Finally, the maximum media water retention has been shown to be a useful indicator of the moisture retention properties of green roof media.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the maximum media density for purposes of estimating the maximum dead load for green roof assemblies. The method also provides a measure of the moisture content, the air-filled porosity, and the water permeability measured at the maximum media density.
1.2 This procedure is suitable for green roof media that contain no more than 30 % organic material as measured using the loss on ignition, as described in Test Methods E177, Test Method C. The test specimen should be a bulk oven-dried sample prepared according to Test Methods E177, Test Method A.
1.3 The maximum media density and associated moisture content measured in this procedure applies to drained conditions near the saturation point.
1.4 The test method is intended to emulate vertical percolation rates for water in green roofs.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E2399 − 11
StandardTest Method for
Maximum Media Density for Dead Load Analysis of
1
Vegetative (Green) Roof Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2399; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600
3
kN-m/m ))
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water
maximum media density for purposes of estimating the maxi-
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
mum dead load for green roof assemblies. The method also
D2325 Test Method for Capillary-Moisture Relationships
provides a measure of the moisture content, the air-filled
for Coarse- and Medium-Textured Soils by Porous-Plate
porosity, and the water permeability measured at the maximum
3
Apparatus (Withdrawn 2007)
media density.
D2947 Test Method for Screen Analysis of Asbestos Fibers
1.2 This procedure is suitable for green roof media that
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
contain no more than 30 % organic material as measured using
Sieves
the loss on ignition, as described in Test Methods E177, Test
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
Method C. The test specimen should be a bulk oven-dried
ASTM Test Methods
sample prepared according toTest Methods E177,Test Method
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
A.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.3 The maximum media density and associated moisture Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E2114 Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Perfor-
content measured in this procedure applies to drained condi-
tions near the saturation point. mance of Buildings
1.4 The test method is intended to emulate vertical perco-
3. Terminology
lation rates for water in green roofs.
3.1 Definitions:
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1.1 For terms related to building construction, refer to
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Terminology E631.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.1.2 For terms related to sustainability relative to the
and are not considered standard.
performance of buildings, refer to Terminology E2114.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.1 air-filled porosity—the air-filled porosity, also known
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
as void ratio or non-capillary porosity, is a measure of the air
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
volume remaining in a sample after it has been compacted to
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the maximum media density and when the moisture content
equals the maximum media water retention. In this method, the
2. Referenced Documents
air-filled porosity does not include closed-cell particle porosity
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: or porosity that is unavailable to be filled by water when the
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
sample is immersed.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—This property has two important appli-
cations:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing
(1 ) It is an indicator of the viability of media to support
and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.24 on
plantswhenitiswet.Materialswithlowair-filledporositymay
Sustainability.
Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originally tend toward anoxic conditions when wet, and
approved in 2005. Last previously approved in 2010 as E2399 – 10. DOI: 10.1520/
(2) This is the volume available for water to fill after the
E2399-11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2399 − 11
maximum media water retention is satisfied. This volume of moisture will drain gradually from the media following a
water may contribute to the live load of the green roof system. hydration cycle. The maximum media density measured in this
procedure approaches the density at the theore
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E2399–10 Designation:E2399–11
Standard Test Method for
Maximum Media Density for Dead Load Analysis of
1
Vegitative (Green) Roof Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2399; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the maximum media density for purposes of estimating the maximum
dead load for green roof assemblies. The method also provides a measure of the moisture content, the air-filled porosity, and the
water permeability measured at the maximum media density.
1.2 This procedure is suitable for green roof media that contain no more than 30 % organic material as measured using the loss
on ignition, as described in Test Methods D2947E177, Test Method C. The test specimen should be a bulk oven-dried sample
prepared according to Test Methods D2947E177, Test Method A.
1.3 The maximum media density and associated moisture content measured in this procedure applies to drained conditions near
the saturation point.
1.4 The test method is intended to emulate vertical percolation rates for water in green roofs.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3 3
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600 kN-m/m ))
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D2325 Test Method for Capillary-Moisture Relationships for Coarse- and Medium-Textured Soils by Porous-Plate Apparatus
D2947 Test Method for Screen Analysis of Asbestos Fibers
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E2114 Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Performance of Buildings
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For terms related to building construction, refer to Terminology E631.
3.1.2 For terms related to sustainability relative to the performance of buildings, refer to Terminology E2114.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 air-filled porosity—theair-filledporosity,alsoknownasvoidratioornon-capillaryporosity,isameasureoftheairvolume
remaining in a sample after it has been compacted to the maximum media density and when the moisture content equals the
maximum media water retention. In this method, the air-filled porosity does not include closed-cell particle porosity or porosity
that is unavailable to be filled by water when the sample is immersed.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—This property has two important applications:
(1 ) It is an indicator of the viability of media to support plants when it is wet. Materials with low air-filled porosity may tend
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E60 on Sustainability and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E60.01 on Buildings and
Construction.
Current edition approved July 1, 2010. Published August 2010. Originally approved in 2005. Last previously approved in 2005 as E2399–05. DOI: 10.1520/E2399-10.
Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originally approved in 2005. Last previously approved in 2010 as E2399 – 10. DOI: 10.1520/E2399-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2399–11
toward anoxic conditions when wet, and
(2)
...
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