ASTM D5165-12

Standard Practice for Laboratory Preparation of Gelled Vehicles Using a Resin Kettle

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides a means of preparing gel vehicles in laboratory equipment that most closely resembles production reactors. It can be used to predict the performance of gel vehicle components (resins, gellants, alkyds, etc.) in the user's equipment.
An ample amount of gel vehicle can be prepared for use in preparing inks for press testing.
FIG. 1 Gel Vehicle Preparation Apparatus
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a laboratory procedure for the gelation of a resin solution, ink varnish, or vehicle using a resin kettle.
1.2 Guidance in preparing gelled vehicle samples suitable for use in laboratory sample quantity oil-based printing inks is provided.
1.3 The procedure outlined is not intended as a means of rating or evaluating resin or vehicle gelability, and is applicable only if the solutions, varnishes, or vehicles produced are of a rheology that is measurable by conventional ink and varnish industry viscometers or rheometers.
1.4 The values stated in SI units of measurement are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2012
• ICS: 83.080.10 - Thermosetting materials
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.37 - Ink Vehicles

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5165-93(2004) - Standard Practice for Laboratory Preparation of Gelled Vehicles Using a Resin Kettle (Withdrawn 2010)
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Replaced By: ASTM D5165-12(2020) - Standard Practice for Laboratory Preparation of Gelled Vehicles Using a Resin Kettle
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5165 − 12
Standard Practice for
Laboratory Preparation of Gelled Vehicles Using a Resin
1
Kettle
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5165; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 This practice covers a laboratory procedure for the 3.1 Definitions:
gelationofaresinsolution,inkvarnish,orvehicleusingaresin 3.1.1 gel or gelled vehicle—any resin solution, or a more
kettle. complex blend of resins and alkyds that has been cooked to
buildmolecularweightorreactedwithagellingorcrosslinking
1.2 Guidance in preparing gelled vehicle samples suitable
agent (for example, organo-aluminum compounds) and exhib-
for use in laboratory sample quantity oil-based printing inks is
its a pseudoplastic rheology.
provided.
3.1.2 pregel or pregel vehicle—the resin solution or vehicle
1.3 The procedure outlined is not intended as a means of
components comprising the vehicle prior to the addition of
ratingorevaluatingresinorvehiclegelability,andisapplicable
gelling agent and viscosity adjusting solvent.
only if the solutions, varnishes, or vehicles produced are of a
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The terms “vehicle” and “varnish” are
rheology that is measurable by conventional ink and varnish
commonly used interchangeably. Some vehicle and varnish
industry viscometers or rheometers.
chemists, however, may consider a varnish to be a vehicle that
1.4 The values stated in SI units of measurement are to be
undergoes a chemical reaction during a cooking cycle.
regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
3.1.3 gel seed, n—a non-homogeneous, gelatinous particle
for information only.
in a gel vehicle, often the result of poor mixing or localized
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
over-reaction during gelation.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Practice
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 Prepare a pregel vehicle by dissolving all vehicle or
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
varnish components, or both, in a heated 1-L, resin kettle with
inert gas blanket.
2. Referenced Documents
2
4.2 Add gellant solution into the pregel vehicle. Mix using
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the suggested stirring rate at the prescribed reaction tempera-
D154 Guide for Testing Varnishes
ture for 1 h.
D1545 Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by
Bubble Time Method
4.3 Remove the resin kettle from heat, evaluate, adjust if
D1725 Practice for Preparing Resin Solutions for Viscosity
necessary, and re-evaluate.
Measurement by Bubble Time Method
5. Significance and Use
D4040 Test Method for Rheological Properties of Paste
Printing and Vehicles by the Falling-Rod Viscometer
5.1 This practice provides a means of preparing gel vehicles
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
in laboratory equipment that most closely resembles produc-
tion reactors. It can be used to predict the performance of gel
1
vehicle components (resins, gellants, alkyds, etc.) in the user’s
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
equipment.
Subcommittee D01.37 on Ink Vehicles.
5.2 An ample amount of gel vehicle can be prepared for use
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originally
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D5165 – 93 (2004)
in preparing inks for press testing.
which was withdrawn June 2010 and reinstated in November 2012. DOI: 10.1520/
D5165–12.
6. Apparatus (see Fig. 1)
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.1 Balance or Scale, accurate to 0.1 g.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 6.2 Resin Kettle, 1-L with 5-neck kettle head.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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D5165 − 12
8. Procedure
8.1 Weigh oil, solvent, and alkyd components for a 500-g
sample into resin kettle. Do not add resin and gellant compo-
nents at this time.
8.2 Separately prepare a gellant solution to be added after
resindissolution.Dilutegellanttobetween30and50 %gellant
with the major vehicle solvent.
8.3 Start mixer; be sure
...