ASTM D3715/D3715M-98(2011)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Quality Assurance of Pressure-Sensitive Tapes
Standard Practice for Quality Assurance of Pressure-Sensitive Tapes
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The quality of a tape product is determined by the quality systems of the tape producer, including all processes involved in the engineering and production of the product. It is recommended that appropriate sections of ANSI/ASQC Q94 be included in a producer's quality systems. This practice does not intend to standardize these systems. A producer's reputation, a producer's certification of conformance, or evidence of a producer's quality systems are often sufficient to ensure a purchaser or user of a consistent quality. Acceptance sampling is useful when an objective basis of contract or specification conformance is desired.
The intention of this practice is to provide a reasonably simple document which can be used by both the buyer and seller of pressure-sensitive tape to determine if the product offered for sale meets some predetermined specification for the product. This practice offers the procedures for determining the size of the sample to be inspected and the criteria for determining whether the lot (amount of material offered for sale) should be accepted or rejected. This practice draws from and is based on both ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 and ANSI/ASQC Z1.9.
Two forms of sampling plans are included: sampling by attributes and sampling by variables. Sampling by attributes is used for end-item examination and both are used where appropriate for end-item testing. Sampling by attributes has the advantage of simplicity while sampling by variables has the advantage of costing less for the equivalent assurance of the correctness of decisions.
Sampling plans for inspection by attributes (see Table 2), should be used for end-item examination (see 5.3).
Sampling plans for inspection by variables (see Table 1 and 5.4), should be used for end-item testing except as indicated in 5.4.1.2(a).
Use of this practice assumes that a specification defining one or more quality characteristics exists. It is suggested that buyer and seller agree on acceptable quality levels (AQL) fro...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice contains uniform quality assurance provisions for pressure-sensitive tapes and establishes sampling plans and procedures for acceptance inspection.
1.2 Limitations:
1.2.1 This practice only includes procedures for when an upper or a lower specification limit is given. It does not provide for double, both minimum and maximum, specification limits.
Note 1—When double specification limits are given (applies to variables testing only), use may be made of Table C-3 and Example C-3 of ANSI/ASQC Z1.9.
1.2.2 The variables sampling plans apply to a single quality characteristic. Having obtained the sample and the responses to the physical property tests, acceptance is determined on one quality characteristic at a time. The process is repeated for each additional characteristic.
1.2.3 The variables sampling plans require that the response to each quality characteristic is normally distributed either directly or by transformation. If this is not known, the potential user of this practice should seek the counsel of someone with sufficient understanding of statistical techniques to provide that information.
1.3 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently, without combining values in any way.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: D3715/D3715M − 98 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Practice for
Quality Assurance of Pressure-Sensitive Tapes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3715/D3715M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This practice contains uniform quality assurance provi-
D996Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
sions for pressure-sensitive tapes and establishes sampling
ments
plans and procedures for acceptance inspection.
2.2 ANSI/ASQC Standards:
1.2 Limitations:
ANSI/ASQC A2Terms, Symbols, and Definitions for Ac-
1.2.1 This practice only includes procedures for when an
ceptance Sampling
upperoralowerspecificationlimitisgiven.Itdoesnotprovide ANSI/ASQC A3Quality Systems Terminology
for double, both minimum and maximum, specification limits. ANSI/ASQC Q94Quality Management and Quality System
Elements—Guidelines
NOTE 1—When double specification limits are given (applies to
ANSI/ASQC Z1.4Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-
variables testing only), use may be made of Table C-3 and Example C-3 4
spection by Attributes
of ANSI/ASQC Z1.9.
ANSI/ASQC Z1.9Sampling and Tables for Inspection by
1.2.2 The variables sampling plans apply to a single quality Variables for Percent Defective
characteristic.Havingobtainedthesampleandtheresponsesto
3. Terminology
the physical property tests, acceptance is determined on one
qualitycharacteristicatatime.Theprocessisrepeatedforeach
3.1 Definitions—General terms in this practice are defined
additional characteristic.
in Terminology D996,ANSI/ASQCA2, andANSI/ASQCA3.
1.2.3 Thevariablessamplingplansrequirethattheresponse
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
to each quality characteristic is normally distributed either
3.2.1 acceptability criterion—the comparison made be-
directlyorbytransformation.Ifthisisnotknown,thepotential
tween a factor, number, or constant found in the sampling plan
user of this practice should seek the counsel of someone with
and the examination or test result information from a single
sufficientunderstandingofstatisticaltechniquestoprovidethat qualitycharacteristictodetermineifthelotshouldbeaccepted
information. or rejected. For inspection by attributes the acceptability
criterion is a comparison with the acceptability constant found
1.3 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to
in Table 1.
be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
3.2.2 acceptable quality level (AQL)—a nominal value ex-
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
pressed in terms of percent defective or defects per hundred
must be used independently, without combining values in any
units, whichever is applicable, specified for a given group of
way.
defects of a product (see ANSI/ASQC A2).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.3 defect—any nonconformance of the unit of product to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specified requirements; it is classified according to its serious-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ness.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D10 on Packaging the ASTM website.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.14 on Tape and Labels. AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published April 2011. Originally Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
published as D3715–78. Last previous edition D3715–98 (2004). DOI: 10.1520/ AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforQuality(ASQ),310WestWisconsinAve.,
D3715_D3715M-98R11. Milwaukee, WI 53203.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3715/D3715M − 98 (2011)
A
TABLE 1 Sampling Plans for Inspection by Variables (Variability Unknown—Single Specification Limit)
Acceptable Quality Levels (Normal Inspection) Acceptable Quality Levels (Reduced Inspection)
2 2
Lot Size (100-m [yd ] Sample .65 1.00 1.50 2.50 4.00 6.50 10.00 Sample 1.00 1.50 2.50 4.00 6.50 10.00
Units) Size Size
kk k k kk k k k k k k k
1 to 300 3 l ↓ ↓ 0.587 0.502 0.401 0.296 3 l 0.587 0.502 0.401 0.296 0.178
301 to 500 4 l 0.651 0.598 0.525 0.450 0.364 0.276 3 l 0.587 0.502 0.401 0.296 0.178
↓ l
501 to 800 5 0.663 0.614 0.565 0.498 0.431 0.352 0.272 3 l 0.587 0.502 0.401 0.296 0.178
801 to 1 300 7 0.613 0.569 0.525 0.465 0.405 0.336 0.266 3 ↓ 0.587 0.502 0.401 0.296 0.178
1 301 to 3 200 10 0.755 0.703 0.650 0.579 0.507 0.424 0.341 4 0.598 0.525 0.450 0.364 0.276 0.176
3 201 to 8 000 15 0.792 0.738 0.684 0.610 0.536 0.452 0.368 5 0.565 0.498 0.431 0.352 0.272 0.184
8 001 to 22 000 25 0.815 0.779 0.723 0.647 0.571 0.484 0.398 7 0.525 0.465 0.405 0.336 0.266 0.189
1.00 1.50 2.50 4.00 6.50 10.00 15.00
Acceptable Quality Levels (tightened inspection)
A
This table contains information extracted from Tables A-2 (inspection level I), C-1, and C-2 from ANSI/ASQC Z1.9.
↓ = Use the first sampling plan below arrow including the larger sample size and the k value.
k = Acceptability constant.
3.2.4 defects per hundred units—of any given quantity of 3.2.13 material specification—that document covering a
units of product, is the number of defects contained therein product or set of products and specifying the parameters that
divided by the total number of units of product, the quotient define the product(s) (see ANSI/ASQC A3).
multiplied by one hundred (one or more defects being possible
3.2.14 percent defective—the number of defective units of
in any unit of product). Expressed as an equation:
product contained therein, divided by the total number of
numberofdefects 3100 product, the quotient multiplied by one hundred (a unit being
Defectsperhundredunits 5 (1)
numberofunitsinspected considered defective if it contains one or more defects).
Expressed as an equation:
3.2.5 defective unit—a unit of product that contains one or
more defects.
numberofdefectiveunits 3100
Percentdefective 5 (2)
numberofunitsinspected
3.2.6 end item—theactualproductorcommoditybeingsold
underthematerialspecification.Itisinitsmostcompleteform
3.2.15 quality characteristic—for inspection, that charac-
and may be either packed for shipping or at a production stage
teristic of a unit of product that is actually measured to
just preceding packing. It may or may not be the same as the
determine conformance with a given requirement.
unit of product defined in 3.2.17.
3.2.16 specification limit(s)—the requirement that a quality
3.2.7 end-item examination—the inspection of the roll of
characteristicshouldmeet.Thisrequirementmaybeexpressed
tapeforthosecharacteristicswhichareeithereasilydiscernible
as an upper specification limit, or a lower specification limit;
by visual inspection or can be simply measured by a hand rule
called herein a single specification limit.
(such as width).All characteristics of this type are considered
3.2.17 unit of product—the entity of product inspected in
as attributes.
order to determine its measurable quality characteristic. For
3.2.8 end-item testing—the inspection of the unit of product
this practice the unit of product will usually be a roll of tape.
thatinvolvesmeasurementofphysicalpropertiesonacontinu-
The unit of product may or may not be the same as the unit of
ous scale. All characteristics of this type are considered as
purchase, supply production, or shipment. It is also called
variables.
sample unit in this practice.
3.2.9 inspection—the process of measuring, examining,
testing, gaging, or otherwise comparing the unit of product 4. Significance and Use
with the applicable requirements (see ANSI/ASQC A2).
4.1 The quality of a tape product is determined by the
3.2.10 inspection by attributes—inspection whereby either
quality systems of the tape producer, including all processes
the unit of product is classified simply as defective or non-
involvedintheengineeringandproductionoftheproduct.Itis
defective or the number of defects in the unit of product is
recommendedthatappropriatesectionsofANSI/ASQCQ94be
counted, with respect to a given requirement or set of require-
includedinaproducer’squalitysystems.Thispracticedoesnot
ments (see ANSI/ASQC A2).
intend to standardize these systems.Aproducer’s reputation, a
producer’s certification of conformance, or evidence of a
3.2.11 inspection by variables—inspection wherein a speci-
producer’s quality systems are often sufficient to ensure a
fied quality characteristic on a unit of product is measured on
purchaser or user of a consistent quality.Acceptance sampling
a continuous scale, such as pounds, inches, feet per second,
is useful when an objective basis of contract or specification
etc., and a measurement is recorded (see ANSI/ASQC A2).
conformance is desired.
3.2.12 inspection lot—a collection of units of product from
which a sample is drawn and inspected to determine compli- 4.2 The intention of this practice is to provide a reasonably
ance with the acceptability criteria. simple document which can be used by both the buyer and
D3715/D3715M − 98 (2011)
seller of pressure-sensitive tape to determine if the product obtained through the use of this practice, the supplier may use
offeredforsalemeetssomepredeterminedspecificationforthe that system in place of the system described herein. In case of
product.Thispracticeofferstheproceduresfordeterminingthe conflict, the system described in this practice shall be used.
size of the sample to be inspected and the criteria for
5.2 Whereapplicable,inspection(examinationortesting)at
determining whether the lot (amount of material offered for
somepriorstageofmanufacture,forexamplein-processorraw
sale) should be accepted or rejected. This practice draws from
material, can be used instead of inspection of the end item.An
andisbasedonbothANSI/ASQCZ1.4andANSI/ASQCZ1.9.
example of this might be the use of the tensile strength test
4.3 Two forms of sampling plans are included: sampling by
performed at the raw material testing stage rather than on the
attributes and sampling by variables. Sampling by attributes is
end item.
used for end-item examination and both are used where
5.3 End-Item Examination:
appropriateforend-itemtesting.Samplingbyattributeshasthe
advantage of simplicity while sampling by variables has the 5.3.1 Sampling:
advantage of costing less for the equivalent assurance of the
5.3.1.1 Lot Size, for the purpose of determining the sample
correctness of decisions.
size, shall be expressed in units of rolls for examination under
4.3.1 Sampling plans for inspection by attributes (see Table
5.3.2.1-5.3.2.3 inclusive, and shall consist of all the tape
2), should be used for end-item examination (see 5.3).
material presented for examination at one time. The material
4.3.2 Sampling plans for inspection by variables (see Table
shallbeofthesametype,class,andcolor,manufacturedbythe
1 and 5.4), should be used for end-item testing except as
same process, from the same components, at one plant by one
indicated in 5.4.1.2(a).
manufacturer under the same conditions.
4.4 Useofthispracticeassumesthataspecificationdefining
5.3.1.2 Sample Size—The number of units of product (rolls
one or more quality characteristics exists. It is suggested that
oftape)tobeexaminedshallbefoundinTable2undersample
buyerandselleragreeonacceptablequalitylevels(AQL)from
size. Use the sampling plans for normal inspection unless
within the choices shown in the tables of this practice.
tightened or reduced inspection has been specifically agreed
upon.
4.5 When conditions warrant switching from normal to
tightenedorreducedinspection,theappropriatesamplingplans 5.3.1.3 The following table illustrates the AQLs that have
are available in Table 1 and Table 2. The decision to switch commonly been used with the examinations found in 5.3.2.
should be agreed upon between the buyer and the seller.When The graduation follows traditional levels of importance for the
lots are rejected under normal inspection it is usual to go to attributes collected together in the tables given in 5.3.2.1,
tightened inspection. No change in AQL is made, but the 5.3.2.2, and 5.3.2.3. Table 2 illustrates only these AQLs.
assurance of making the correct decision is improved usually
Examination Paragraph AQL, %
by the sampling plan calling for a larger sample size. Reduced 5.3.2.1 2.5
5.3.2.2 4.0
inspectionisaswitchfromnormalinspectionmadewhensome
5.3.2.3 10.0
number of lots, usually 10, passes in consecutive order.
5.3.2 Examination—Examine in accordance with the de-
Switching should move from reduced to normal and from
fectslistedin5.3.2.1,5.3.2.2and5.3.2.3andAQLssetforthin
normal to tightened or from tightened to normal without
the table in 5.3.1.3 when sampled from the shipment. No more
skipping an intermediate step.
thantworolls,randomlyselected,shallbedrawnfromanyone
5. Procedure
shipping container from each lot of material for each type and
5.1 Where it can be demonstrated that a supplier’s quality color of tape offered for inspection for visual and dimensional
characteristics.
control system provides a similar degree of assurance as that
A
TABLE 2 Sampling Plans for Inspection by Attributes
Normal Inspection Tightened Inspection Reduced Inspection
Lot Size in
AQL AQL AQL
Sam- Sam- Sam-
Number of
ple 2.5 4.0 10 ple 2.5 4.0 10 ple 2.5 4.0 10
Rolls
Size Size Size
Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re
2–15 2 |Ch |Co |Ch 2 |Ch |Ch |Ch 2 |Ch |Co |Ch
16–50 3 |Co 0 1 |Co 3 |Ch |Co |Ch 2 |Co 0 1 |Co
51–150 5 0 1 |Cu 1 2 5 |Ch 0 1 |Ch 2 0 1 |Cu 0 2
|Cu |Co |Ch |Co |Cu
151–500 8 |Co 2 3 8 0 1 |Ch 1 2 3 |Co 1 3
501–3200 13 |Co 1 2 3 4 13 |Ch |Co 2 3 5 |Co 0 2 1 4
3201–35 000 20 1 2 2 3 5 6 20 |Ch 1 2 3 4 8 0 2 1 3 2 5
|Co
35 001–500 000 32 2 3 3 4 7 8 32 1 2 2 3 5 6 13 1 3 1 4 3 6
500 001 and over 50 3 4 5 6 10 11 50 2 3 3 4 8 9 20 1 4 2 5 5 8
A
This table is based on Tables I, II-A, II-B, and II-C of ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 using an inspection level of S-3.
|Co = Use first sample plan below arrow. If sample size equals or exceeds lot or batch si
...
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