ASTM F2574-06(2022)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Low Velocity Projectile Marker
Standard Specification for Low Velocity Projectile Marker
ABSTRACT
This specification covers low velocity projectile (LVP) markers that eject a low velocity resilient material (LVRM) projectile using compressed air, compressed gas, or a combination of both. Included in this specification are performance requirements and test methods for LVP markers as well as the minimum warnings and instructions that need to be provided in literature, on labels, on packaging, and on the marker itself. The LVP markers shall be manufactured to operate only in semi-automatic or pump mode and with exposed edges that shall be smooth and free of sharp edges and burrs. LVP markers shall be provided with a disabling device which shall keep it from firing and with a provision against accidental discharge. The markers shall undergo tests for disabling device, accidental discharge, barrel blocking device, and impact, and shall conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers low velocity projectile markers (herein referred to as LVP marker) that propel a low velocity resilient material projectile (herein referred to as LVRM projectile as defined in Specification F2573) by means of energy released by compressed air, compressed gas, or a combination thereof, with velocity not to exceed 53.34 m/s (175 ft/s).
1.2 LVRM projectiles are made of a resilient material and have a diameter no smaller than 20 mm (0.7874 in.) and no greater than 30 mm (1.18 in.). The hardness of the LVRM projectile is to be no greater than 75 Shore 00. The weight of the LVRM projectile is not to exceed 4.0 g.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2574 −06 (Reapproved 2022) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Low Velocity Projectile Marker
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2574; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Propellant Source Interface
F1776 Specification for Eye Protective Devices for Paintball
1.1 Thisspecificationcoverslowvelocityprojectilemarkers
Sports
(herein referred to as LVP marker) that propel a low velocity
F2573 Specification for Low Velocity Resilient Material
resilient material projectile (herein referred to as LVRM
Projectile
projectile as defined in Specification F2573) by means of
energy released by compressed air, compressed gas, or a 2.2 ANSI Standard:
Z535.1 Safety Color Code
combination thereof, with velocity not to exceed 53.34 m/s
(175 ft/s).
3. Terminology
1.2 LVRM projectiles are made of a resilient material and
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
have a diameter no smaller than 20 mm (0.7874 in.) and no
3.1.1 auto-trigger, n—trigger that, when held in the dis-
greater than 30 mm (1.18 in.). The hardness of the LVRM
charge position, will automatically cause the LVP marker to
projectile is to be no greater than 75 Shore 00. The weight of
discharge when the pump or bolt action is manipulated.
the LVRM projectile is not to exceed 4.0 g.
3.1.2 backstop, n—object intended to stop a LVRM projec-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
tile.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
3.1.3 barrel, n—thatportionofaLVPmarkerthroughwhich
the LVRM projectile is discharged.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
test method portion, Section 8, of this specification. This
3.1.4 barrel blocking device, n—muzzle blocking safety
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, device that when properly installed, reduces the likelihood of
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
an intact LVRM projectile discharging from the marker or
of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and leaving the confines of the barrel blocking device. The device
environmental practices and determine the applicability of
is often referred to as a barrel plug or sleeve.
regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.5 cautionary statement, n—warning outlined in Section
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
9 that is to be placed on LVP markers, packaging, and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
literature.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.6 disabling device, n—device that, when activated, dis-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ables a part of the LVP marker, usually the trigger, to prevent
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
unintentional discharges and must be released to allow the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
marker to be discharged by the movement of the trigger. The
device is sometimes referred to as the “safety,” “safety button,”
2. Referenced Documents
or “safety lever.” An electronic on/off switch is considered a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
disabling device if when placed in the “off” position, it renders
F1750 Specification for Paintball Marker Threaded-
the marker inoperable.
3.1.7 discharge mode, n—mode that controls the number of
1 LVRM projectiles discharged per trigger cycle.
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F08 on Sports
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
3.1.8 feed mechanism, n—mechanismthatstores,transports,
Subcommittee F08.24 on Paintball and Equipment.
and facilitates the loading of LVRM projectiles. It may be
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published October 2022. Originally
gravity,mechanicallyorairassisted,orautomaticinitsactions.
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as F2574 – 06 (2018).
DOI: 10.1520/F2574-06R22.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2574 − 06 (2022)
3.1.9 hopper, n—device used with a LVP marker to store 3.1.11 low velocity resilient material projectile, n—object
LVRM projectiles. propelled by means of a discharge mechanism, capable of
storing and releasing energy under the control of the operator,
3.1.10 impact tester, n—device used to test for accidental
comprised of a resilient material, and has a diameter no smaller
discharges of LVP marker. See Fig. 1.
A. Release Latch
B. Compression Spring (spring rate 1.145 kg/cm or 16.28 lb/in.)
C. Impact Ball (new pressurized tennis ball with regular felt, total mass of moving parts is 1.13 kg or 2.5 lb)
D. Plastic tube with 7.62 cm (3 in.) internal diameter
E. Face placed against marker
F. Cocking arm
G. Stroke of 15.21 cm (6 in.)
H. Secured support base
FIG. 1 Impact Tester
F2574 − 06 (2022)
than 20 mm (0.7874 in.) and no greater than 30 mm (1.18 in.). 6.2 Packaging—Packaging shall be labeled in a prominent
The hardness of the low velocity resilient material projectile is and conspicuous manner in accordance with the provisions of
to be no greater than 75 Shore 00. The weight is not to exceed 10.1.
4.0 g.
6.3 Finish—The exposed edges of all LVP markers shall be
3.1.12 low velocity projectile marker, n—device specifically
smooth and free of sharp edges and burrs.
designed to discharge low velocity resilient material projec-
6.4 Shipping:
tiles.
6.4.1 Each LVPmarker shall be shipped in an unloaded and
3.1.13 pump mode marker, n—marker that requires the
degassed condition.
operator to manually cock or engage the sear of the marker
6.4.2 All LVP markers must shoot at a velocity under 53.34
before each shot by a means of a pump, bolt, lever, cocking
m/s (175 ft/s) at the time of shipment at SATP.
handle, or similar device.
6.5 Design:
3.1.14 range, n—maximumdistancetowhichanobjectmay
6.5.1 All LVP markers intended to be used with removable
be propelled, whether limited by energy or an obstacle.
cylinders shall be able to withstand input pressure of 3000
3.1.15 sear, n—catch that holds the mechanism in the lb/in. 207 bar (3000 psi) without catastrophic failure. Leaking
ready-to-discharge position until released by the user, usually in a manner that would not cause injury to the operator shall
through trigger movement. not constitute failure in accordance with Specification F1750.
6.5.2 Amarker’s performance may not be enhanced, includ-
3.1.16 semi-automatic mode marker, n—semi-automatic
ing but not limited to increasing the markers’velocity without
marker discharges one time with each trigger cycle. Markers
the use of tools or disassembly.
that “store” the number of trigger pulls and discharge more
6.5.3 All LVP markers shall only operate in semi-automatic
than one LVRM projectile at some point do not meet this
or pump mode and may not operate in other discharge modes.
definition. Markers that operate in any other discharge mode(s)
do not meet this definition.
7. Performance Requirements
3.1.17 shore 00, n—applicable durometer type scale to
7.1 Marker Function—The cocking or pumping mechanism
measure the hardness of sponge and foam materials.
of a LVP marker shall not cause a marker to discharge
3.1.18 standard ambient temperature and pressure (SATP),
unintentionally while a marker is being cocked in accordance
n—used to describe a substance at the pressure of 1 bar
with the manufacturer’s instructions. This does not limit the
(1.01325 atmospheres, 750 mm Hg, 14.5 psi, 100 kPa) and a
use of “auto-triggers.” Markers shall be a pump or a semi-
temperature of 25 °C (77 °F).
automatic, or both, as defined in this specification.
3.1.19 target, n—object at which the LVRM projectile shall
7.2 Disabling Device—Disabling devices shall be provided
be discharged.
on all LVP markers and all such devices shall keep from firing
3.1.20 trigger, n—device operated by the user to discharge a
marker whether or not the marker is cocked. All such devices
marker.
shall be clearly marked to indicate the “safe” and “fire” or “on”
3.1.21 trigger cycle, n—movement of the trigger through
and “off” positions in accordance with 3.1.6. All such devices
discharge and returning to a reset or recycle position.
shall be capable of preventing the markers from being dis-
charged when a weight of 13.6 kg (30 lb) is applied to the
3.1.22 trigger pull, n—force required to move the trigger
trigger. Tests shall be conducted in accordance with 8.3.
from its start or recycle/reset position to a position that
discharges the marker.
7.3 Accidental Discharge—Markers should not accidentally
discharge when exposed testing in accordance with 8.3.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This specification establishes performance requirements
8. Test Methods
and test methods for LVP markers.
8.1 No precision statement on any of the following test
4.2 This specification identifies the minimum warnings and
methods is available at this time.
instructions that are to be provided in literature, on labels, on
8.2 Disabling Device Test:
packaging, and on the marker itself.
8.2.1 Significance—This method determines if the disabling
device will withstand a 13.6 kg (30 lb) applied weight without
5. Conformance
failure, causing the marker to discharge.
5.1 LVP markers shall not, either by label or other means,
8.2.2 Apparatus—Atrigger weight system having a 13.6 kg
indicate conformance with this specification, unless at the time
6 0.02 kg (30 lb 6 0.05 lb) weight.Arrange the weight system
of manufacture they conform to all applicable requirements
so that the weights can be picked up by the trigger of the
contained herein.
marker with the marker in a vertical position, muzzle up. (A
spring gage capable of measuring the trigger force can be used
6. Procedure
instead of the weight system.)
6.1 Literature—Literature shall be provided with each LVP 8.2.3 Test Specimen—The test specimen shall consist of a
marker and shall include, as applicable, the instructions, new LVP marker selected in accordance with the manufactur-
cautionary statements, and safety tips specified in Section 11. er’s usual quality assurance practices.
F2574 − 06 (2022)
8.2.4 Procedure: 8.3.3.3 Leave the marker in the ready to discharge condi-
8.2.4.1 Conduct the test at SATP. tion.
8.2.4.2 Conduct all tests without LVRM Projectiles in the
8.3.3.4 Suspend marker using a sling (see Fig. 2).
marker.
8.3.3.5 Place the cocked impact tester (see Fig. 1) against
8.2.4.3 Place disabling device in “safe” position or the
the side of the marker centered on the grip frame directly
electronic switch in the “off” position.
behind the center point of the trigger with the impact tester
8.2.4.4 Applya13.6kg(30lb)loadatthecenterpointofthe
firmly affixed to an immobile surface.
trigger for 30 s with the load applied to the center of the face
8.3.3.6 Release the impact tester and observe if the marker
of the trigger and remove the load.
discharges.
8.2.4.5 Put disabling device in the “fire” position or the
8.3.3.7 Repeat by impacting the marker on the following
electronic switch in the “on” position. The marker must not
axis:
discharge as the safety is disengaged.
(1) 180 degrees to the first impact.
8.2.4.6 Test the marker for proper trigger and disabling
(2) The front of the barrel aligned with the barrel’s axis.
device action.
(3) The rearmost point of the marker aligned with the
8.2.4.7 The marker passes the test if it withstands the load
barrel’s axis.
applied without causing the marker to discharge during the
8.3.3.8 The marker fails if it discharges on any impact.
application of the load and does not discharge upon the
8.4 Barrel Blocking Device Requirement:
disengagement of the disabling device, and the disabling
8.4.1 Significance—All LVP markers that include a barrel
device and trigger function properly after testing.
must be packaged with a barrel blocking device.
8.3 Accidental Discharge Test:
8.4.2 Test Specimen—The test specimen shall consist of a
8.3.1 Significance—LVP markers should not discharge
new LVP marker packaged in the manufacturer’s original
while their disabling device is disengaged.
packaging.
8.3.2 Test Specimen—The test specimen shall consist of a
8.4.3 Procedure—Open packaging and inspect for the pres-
new LVP marker, selected in accordance with the manufactur-
ence of a barrel blocking device. Any package not containing
er’s usual quality assurance practices.
a barrel blocking device fails this requirement.
8.3.3 Procedure:
8.5 Impact Testing:
8.3.3.1 Conduct the test at SATP.
8.3.3.2 Attach a properly charged propellant source if re- 8.5.1 Significance—The test is intended to simulate situa-
quired in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Test tions in which possible damage can occur by reason of its
discharge the marker. falling or other impact situations that may occur as a result of
A. Yoke
B. Pivot Bolt
C. Swivel
D. 91.29 cm (36 in.) Strap or Rope
E. 60.86 cm (24 in.) aluminum bar with 1.27 cm (0.5 in.) diameter or 1.9 cm (0.75 in.) copper tube
F. Hook and loop strap able to suspend marker parallel to and 15.21 cm (6 in.) below E
FIG. 2 Sling Example
F2574 − 06 (2022)
reasonably foreseeable abuse.After undergoing the appropriate 9.1.8 A recommendation that this is to be used outdoors or
test, the marker shall be examined for damaged or fractured in a supervised environment.
components or parts. The marker is not fit for use if damage or
9.1.9 Advice to discharge air from the marker when not in
fracture is observed.
use.
8.5.2 Apparatus:
9.1.10 Awarning to always put “safety on” when not in use.
8.5.2.1 Tile Floor Area—The impact medium shall consist
9.1.11 A warning to use the barrel blocking device.
ofa3mm( ⁄8 in.) nominal thickness of Type IV vinyl
9.1.12 Instructions to read the owner’s manual before using.
composition tile, composition 1-a
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