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ASTM D704-99

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Melamine-Formaldehyde Molding Compounds

Standard Specification for Melamine-Formaldehyde Molding Compounds

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers compression molding thermosetting compounds consisting of a melamine-formaldehyde resin binder, with or without other resins, intimately combined with fillers, pigments, and any chemical agents needed.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  Note 1-The properties included in this specification are those required to identify the types of molding compounds covered. There may be other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics. These will be added to the specification as their inclusion becomes generally desirable and the necessary test data and methods become available. Transfer or injection molding will usually result in different physical and electrical characteristics than compression molding. Note 2-ISO 2122-1977(E) is similar but not equivalent to this specification. Product classification and characterization are not equivalent.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-1999
ICS
83.140.99 - Other rubber and plastics products
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.16 - Thermosetting Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D704-99(2004) - Standard Specification for Melamine-Formaldehyde Molding Compounds
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004

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ASTM D704-99 - Standard Specification for Melamine-Formaldehyde Molding CompoundsASTM D704-99 - Standard Specification for Melamine-Formaldehyde Molding Compounds
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ASTM D704-99 - Standard Specification for Melamine-Formaldehyde Molding Compounds
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 704 – 99
Standard Specification for
Melamine-Formaldehyde Molding Compounds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 704; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope * D 790 TestMethodsforFlexuralPropertiesofUnreinforced
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
1.1 This specification covers compression molding, thermo-
als
setting, melamine-formaldehyde molding compounds as fur-
D 792 TestMethodsforDensityandSpecificGravity(Rela-
ther defined in 4.1, resin binder, with or without other resins,
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
intimately combined with fillers, pigments, and any chemical
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
agents needed.
D 1895 Test Methods for Apparent Density, Bulk Factor,
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
and Pourability of Plastic Materials
standard.
D 1896 Practice for Transfer Molding Test Specimens of
NOTE 1—The properties included in this specification are those re- 3
Thermosetting Compounds
quired to identify the types of molding compounds covered.There may be
D 3638 Test Method for Comparative Tracking Index of
other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics. These
Electrical Insulating Materials
will be added to the specification as their inclusion becomes generally
D 3795 Test Method for Thermal Flow and Cure Properties
desirable and the necessary test data and methods become available.
of Thermosetting Plastics by Torque Rheometer
Transfer or injection molding will usually result in different physical and
electrical characteristics than compression molding.
D 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
NOTE 2—ISO 2122-1977(E) is similar but not equivalent to this
D 5224 Practice for Compression Molding Test Specimens
specification. Product classification and characterization are not equiva- 7
of Thermosetting Molding Compounds
lent.
D 6289 Test Method for Measuring Shrinkage from Mold
Dimensions of Molded Thermosetting Plastics
2. Referenced Documents
2.2 ASTM Special Technical Publication:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
STP 15 D Manual on Quality Control of Materials
D 149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
2.3 ISO Standard:
Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials
ISO 2122-1977(E) Plastics—Aminoplastic Molding
at Commercial Power Frequencies
Materials—Specification
D 150 Test Methods for A-C Loss Characteristics and
Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insu-
3. Terminology
lating Materials
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of technical terms pertain-
D 256 Test Method for Determining the Pendulum Impact
ing to plastics used in this specification see Terminology
Resistance of Notched Specimens of Plastics
D 883.
D 495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, Dry
Arc Resistance of Solid Electrical Insulation
4. Classification
D 570 Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
4.1 The molding compounds covered by this specification
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
shall be designated by types, based upon their principal
D 648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics
characteristics and the fillers used.
Under Flexural Load
4.1.1 Type 1—General-purpose compound with cellulose
D 731 Test Method for Molding Index of Thermosetting
filler,availableincolors,white,andblack.Suitableforgeneral,
Molding Powder
mechanical, and electrical applications.
1 4
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.02.
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.16 on Thermosetting Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.03.
Materials. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1999. Published February 2000. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.
published as D 704 – 43 T. Last previous edition D 704 – 94. Available from ASTM Headquarters. Request PCN 04-015030-34.
2 9
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01. Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 704
4.1.2 Type 2—A mineral- and flock-filled compound for the case of arc resistance, all test results must be averaged,
industrial uses involving elevated-temperature and electrical when practicable, and the range of test results must always be
applications. reported. For all other tests, a single result beyond the range of
4.1.3 Type 3—Acompoundwithchoppedcotton-clothfiller, four times the estimated standard deviation must be discarded,
having greater impact strength than the other Types 1 through retests made, and the resulting value substituted for the
7. discarded value (Note 6).
4.1.4 Type 5—Unreinforced molding compound with high
NOTE 5—The moisture content of the molding compound and the
translucency, particularly suited for small pearlescent mold-
molded part, as well as mold design, molding process, and molding
ings.
conditions, also influence test results.
4.1.5 Type 6—A wood-filled compound for general indus-
NOTE 6—Amethod for determining 99 % confidence limits is given in
trial uses involving mechanical and electric applications.
STP 15 D.
4.1.6 Type 7—SimilartoType6,butwithcellulosefillerand
improved insert-holding properties. 7. Sampling
4.1.7 Type 8—Aglass-fiber-reinforced compound with high
7.1 Abatch or lot shall be considered as a unit of manufac-
impact strength and good electrical properties.
ture and may consist of a blend of two or more production runs
4.1.8 Type 9—Short-fiber, glass-filled compound with good
of compound.
dimensional stability and mechanical properties.
7.2 Adequate statistical sampling shall be used.
4.1.9 Type 10—Aglass fiber-filled compound, with medium
impact strength.
8. Test Specimen Preparation
4.1.10 Type 11—A glass-filled, chopped strand compound
8.1 Where molded specimens are required, Practice D 5224
with extremely high impact strength and good arc resistance.
4.1.11 Type 12—A fabric-filled compound with medium shall be followed as applicable (Note 7). Molds shall be
constructed in accordance with Practice D 1896.
impact strength.
NOTE 3—Melamine molding compounds are of a limited storage
NOTE 7—Some melamine compounds may not feed, plasticize, or mold
stab
...

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5.1 Heat buildup in PVC exterior building products due to absorption of the energy from the sun may lead to distortion problems. Heat buildup is affected by the color, emittance, absorptance, and reflectance of a product. Generally, the darker the color of the product, the more energy is absorbed and the greater is the heat buildup. However, even with the same apparent color, the heat buildup may vary due to the specific pigment system involved. The greatest heat buildup generally occurs in the color black containing carbon black pigment. The black control sample used in this test method contains 2.5 parts of furnace black per 100 parts of PVC suspension resin. The maximum temperature rise above ambient temperature for this black is 90°F (50°C) for a 45° or horizontal surface when the sun is perpendicular to the surface and 74°F (41°C) for a vertical surface assuming that the measurements were done on a cloudless day with no wind and heavy insulation on the back of the specimen.4  
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1.2.1 Procedure A, Static Drop Height Method—This procedure is particularly useful for quality control since it is quick.  
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SCOPE
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Standard Specification for Polymeric Piles

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the physical and performance requirements for round and rectangular cross-section polymeric piles in axial and lateral load-bearing applications including, by not limited to, marine, waterfront, and corrosive environments. It does not apply to individual polymeric pile products, sheet piles, and other mechanically connected polymeric pile products using inter-locking systems. Covered here are six types of polymeric piles that are fabricated from materials that may be virgin, recycled, or both, as long as the finished product meets all of the criteria specified herein. These types are: Type I, polymeric only; Type II, polymeric with reinforcement in the form of chopped, milled or continuous fiber or mineral; Type III, polymeric with reinforcement in the form of metallic bars, cages, or shapes; Type IV, polymeric with reinforcement in the form of non-metallic bars or cages; Type V, polymeric composite tube with a concrete core; and Type VI, any other polymeric piling meeting the requirements stated herein and not otherwise described by Types I through V. The polymeric tiles shall adhere to specified physical attributes such as size, cross-sectional shape, length, straightness, placement of reinforcement, and surface conditions. The performance requirements which pile specimens shall conform to include creep rupture, serviceability, flexural properties, shear strength, bearing strength, design flexural stiffness, energy absorption, compressive strength, combined stresses, dimensional stability (thermal expansion), hygrothermal cycling, and flame spread index.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification addresses the use of round and rectangular cross-section polymeric piles in axial and lateral load-bearing applications, including but not limited to marine, waterfront, and corrosive environments.  
1.2 This specification is only applicable to individual polymeric pile products. Sheet pile and other mechanically connected polymeric pile products using inter-locking systems, are not part of this specification.  
1.3 The piling products considered herein are characterized by the use of polymers, whereby (1) the pile strength or stiffness requires the inclusion of the polymer, or (2) a minimum of fifty percent (50 %) of the weight or volume is derived from the polymer. The type classifications of polymeric piles described in Section 4 show how they can be reinforced by composite design for increased stiffness or strength.  
1.4 This specification covers polymeric piles fabricated from materials that are virgin, recycled, or both, as long as the finished product meets all of the criteria specified herein. Diverse types and combinations of inorganic filler systems are permitted in the manufacturing of polymeric piling products. Inorganic fillers include such materials as talc, mica, silica, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, etc. Pilings are often placed in service where they will be subjected to continuous damp or wet exposure conditions. Due to concerns of water sensitivity and possible affects on mechanical properties in such service conditions, organic fillers, including lignocellulosic materials such as those made or derived from wood, wood flour, flax shive, rice hulls, wheat straw, and combinations thereof, are not permitted in the manufacturing of polymeric piling products.  
1.5 The values are stated in inch-pound units as these are currently the most common units used by the construction industry.  
1.6 Polymeric piles under this specification are designed using design stresses determined in accordance with Test Methods D6108, D6109, and D6112 and procedures contained within this specification unless otherwise specified.  
1.7 Although in some instances it will be an important component of the pile design, frictional properties are currently beyond the scope of this document.  
1.8 Criteria for design are included as part of this specification for polymeric piles. Certain Types and...

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ASTM
ASTM D7486-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fines and Dust Particles on Plastic Pellets by Wet Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Molding and extruding plastic pellets require dust free, dry pellets to prevent processing problems. Plastic producers try to remove the dust and streamers with dust removal systems prior to packaging and loading. How to accurately measure dust and streamer content in plastic pellets is an important quality control issue.  
5.2 Particle size analysis is used to determine a percentage of particle size distribution from a representative sample of the whole. In terms of size analysis concerning plastic pellets, sieving is used to determine the dust content in the range of 500 to 2000 micron. Test Method D1921, Test Method B, is used to determine this type of particle sizing.  
5.3 After dry sieve analysis, particles smaller than 500 microns need to be analyzed by wet method. A fresh sample shall be used for wet analysis. This test method allows washing down the fines attached to the pellets by electrostatic forces.  
5.4 The wet analysis provides accurate quantification of small to large amounts of fines, negating static effects, and eliminating detrimental effects of mechanical agitation. A wet analysis must be employed to accurately quantify lower PPM dust levels in plastic pellets.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the amount of fine particles adhered on plastic pellets or granules in which they are commonly produced and supplied. The lower limit of this test method is restricted only by the porosity of the filter disc used to capture the particle size being quantified.  
1.2 The wet analysis technique allows for separation and collection of statically charged particles by liquid wash and filtration methods. This must be performed under standard laboratory conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4 This test method describes an essential practice to check the quality of plastics once the production cycle is terminated and to evaluate the performance of pellet cleaning systems or of the special pneumatic conveying systems for the distinct size fractions below 500 micron only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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