ASTM D8291-20

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Performance of Automotive Engine Oils in the Mitigation of Low-Speed, Preignition in the Sequence IX Gasoline Turbocharged Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method evaluates the ability of an automotive engine to mitigate preignition in the combustion chambers in turbocharged, direct injection, gasoline engines under low-speed and high-load operating conditions.  
5.2 Varying quality reference oils, with known preignition tendencies, were used in developing the operating conditions of the test procedure.  
5.3 The test method has applicability in gasoline-engine-oil specifications and is expected to be used in specifications and classifications of engine lubricating oils, such as the following:  
5.3.1 Specification D4485.  
5.3.2 ILSAC GF-6.  
5.3.3 SAE Classification J183.
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory engine test evaluates the ability of an automotive engine to mitigate preignition in the combustion chambers in gasoline, turbocharged, direct-injection (GTDI) engines under low-speed and high-load operating conditions. This test method is commonly known as the Ford low-speed, preignition (LSPI) test.3  
1.1.1 In vehicles, equipped with relatively small GTDI spark-ignition engines, preignition has occasionally occurred when the vehicles are operated under low-speed and high-load conditions. Uncontrolled, preignition may cause destructive engine damage.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, wire gauge, or specified single source equipment.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2020
• ICS: 43.060.01 - Internal combustion engines for road vehicles in general
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.B0 - Automotive Lubricants

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D8291-19 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Performance of Automotive Engine Oils in the Mitigation of Low-Speed, Preignition in the Sequence IX Gasoline Turbocharged Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition Engine
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Referred By: ASTM D4485-22e1 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Referred By: ASTM D8279-23 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Timing-Chain Wear in a Turbocharged, Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition, Four-Cylinder Engine
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D8291 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Performance of Automotive Engine Oils in the
Mitigation of Low-Speed, Preignition in the Sequence IX
Gasoline Turbocharged Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition
1
Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8291; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Portions of this test method are written for use by laboratories that make use of ASTM Test
2
Monitoring Center (TMC) services (see Annex A1 – Annex A4).
TheTMC provides reference oils, and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desire
to produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previously
calibrated by the TMC.
In general, the test purchaser decides if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such as
theAmerican Chemistry Council require that a laboratory utilize theTMC services as part of their test
registration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute and the Gear Lubricant Review
Committee of the Lubricant Review Institute (SAE International) require that a laboratory use the
TMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.
The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (and
hence the Test Purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was operating at the proper level of test
severity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may not
be the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.
Laboratories that choose not to use the TMC services may simply disregard these portions.
ASTM International policy is to encourage the development of test procedures based on generic
equipment. It is recognized that there are occasions where critical/sole-source equipment has been
approved by the technical committee (surveillance panel/task force) and is required by the test
procedure. The technical committee that oversees the test procedure is encouraged to clearly identify
if the part is considered critical in the test procedure. If a part is deemed to be critical, ASTM
encourages alternate suppliers to be given the opportunity for consideration of supplying the critical
part/component providing they meet the approval process set forth by the technical committee.
Analternatesuppliercanstarttheprocessbyinitiatingcontactwiththetechnicalcommittee(current
chairs shown on ASTM TMC website). The supplier should advise on the details of the part that is
intended to be supplied. The technical committee will review the request and determine feasibility of
an alternate supplier for the requested replacement critical part. In the event that a replacement critical
parthasbeenidentifiedandprovenequivalentthesole-sourcesupplierfootnoteshallberemovedfrom
the test procedure.
1. Scope*
1.1 This laboratory engine test evaluates the ability of an
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
automotive engine to mitigate preignition in the combustion
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
Current edition approved May 1, 2020. Published May 2020. Originally
2
approved in 2019. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D8291 – 19. DOI: ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA
10.1520/D8291-20. 15206–4489.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8291 − 20
chambers in gasoline, turbocharged, direct-injection (GTDI) Ignition Engine Fuel
engines under low-speed and high-load operating conditions. D2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-
This test method is commonly known as the Ford low-speed, Ignition Engine Fuel
3
preignition (LSPI) test. D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle
1.1.1 In vehicles, equipped with relatively small GTDI Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
spark-ignition engines, preignition has occasionally occurred D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
when the vehicles are operated under low-speed and high-load Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
conditions. Uncontrolled, preignition may cause destructive lometry
engine damage. D3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in Gasoline
D3237 TestMethodforLeadinGasolinebyAtomicAbsorp-
1.2 The values stated in SI u
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8291 − 19 D8291 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Performance of Automotive Engine Oils in the
Mitigation of Low-Speed, Preignition in the Sequence IX
Gasoline Turbocharged Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition
1
Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8291; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Portions of this test method are written for use by laboratories that make use of ASTM Test
2,
Monitoring Center (TMC) services (see Annex A1 – Annex A4).
The TMC provides reference oils, and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desire
to produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previously
calibrated by the TMC.
In general, the test purchaser decides if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such as
the American Chemistry Council require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services as part of their test
registration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute and the Gear Lubricant Review
Committee of the Lubricant Review Institute (SAE International) require that a laboratory use the
TMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.
The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (and
hence the Test Purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was operating at the proper level of test
severity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may not
be the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.
Laboratories that choose not to use the TMC services may simply disregard these portions.
ASTM International policy is to encourage the development of test procedures based on generic
equipment. It is recognized that there are occasions where critical/sole-source equipment has been
approved by the technical committee (surveillance panel/task force) and is required by the test
procedure. The technical committee that oversees the test procedure is encouraged to clearly identify
if the part is considered critical in the test procedure. If a part is deemed to be critical, ASTM
encourages alternate suppliers to be given the opportunity for consideration of supplying the critical
part/component providing they meet the approval process set forth by the technical committee.
An alternate supplier can start the process by initiating contact with the technical committee (current
chairs shown on ASTM TMC website). The supplier should advise on the details of the part that is
intended to be supplied. The technical committee will review the request and determine feasibility of
an alternate supplier for the requested replacement critical part. In the event that a replacement critical
part has been identified and proven equivalent the sole-source supplier footnote shall be removed from
the test procedure.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019May 1, 2020. Published November 2019May 2020. Originally approved in 2019. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as
D8291 – 19. DOI: 10.1520/D8291-19.10.1520/D8291-20.
2
ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. www.astmtmc.cmu.edu.15206–4489.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8291 − 20
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This laboratory engine test evaluates the ability of an automotive engine to mitigate preignition in the combustion chambers
in gasoline, turbocharged, direct-injection (GTDI) engines under low-speed and high-load operating conditions. This test method
3
is commonly known as the Ford low-speed, preignition (LSPI) test.
1.1.1 In vehicles, equipped with relatively small GTDI spark-ignition engines, preignition has occasionally occurred when the
vehicles are operated under low-speed and high-load conditions. Uncontrolled, preignition may cause destructive engine damage.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units o
...