ASTM D4543-08e1
(Practice)Standard Practices for Preparing Rock Core as Cylindrical Test Specimens and Verifying Conformance to Dimensional and Shape Tolerances (Withdrawn 2017)
Standard Practices for Preparing Rock Core as Cylindrical Test Specimens and Verifying Conformance to Dimensional and Shape Tolerances (Withdrawn 2017)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The dimensional, shape, and surface tolerances of rock core specimens are important for determining rock properties of intact specimens. This is especially true for strong rocks, greater than 7250 psi (50 MPa). Dimensional and surface tolerance checks are required in the test methods listed in Section 2.1. To simplify test procedures in laboratories, the parts of those procedures that are common to the test methods in Section 2.1 are given in this standard.
4.2 This procedure is applicable to all the standards listed in Section 2.1. However, specimens for Test Method D2936 do not need to be machined or to meet the specified tolerances for flatness and parallelism.
4.3 The moisture condition of the specimen at the time of the sample preparation can have a significant effect upon the strength and deformation characteristics of the rock. Good practice generally dictates that laboratory tests be made upon specimens representative of field conditions. Thus, it follows that the field moisture condition of the specimen should be preserved until the time of the test. In some instances, however, there may be reasons for testing specimens at other moisture contents, from saturation to dry. In any case, the moisture content of the test specimen should be tailored to the problem at hand. Excess moisture will affect the adhesion of resistance strain gages, if used, and the accuracy of their performance. Adhesives used to bond the rock to steel end pieces in the direct tension test will also be affected adversely by excess moisture.
Note 2: The quality of the result produced by these practices is dependent upon the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing and sampling. Users of these practices are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable...
SCOPE
1.1 These practices specify procedures for laboratory rock core test specimen preparation of rock core from drill core and block samples for strength and deformation testing and for determining the conformance of the test specimen dimensions with tolerances established by this practice. Cubical, rectangular, or other shapes are not covered by this practice. However, some of the information contained with in this practice and in standard Test Method C170 may still be of use to preparing other test specimen shapes.
1.2 Rock is a complex engineering material that can vary greatly as a function of lithology, stress history, weathering, moisture content and chemistry, and other natural geologic processes. As such, it is not always possible to obtain or prepare rock core specimens that satisfy the desirable tolerances given in this practice. Most commonly, this situation presents itself with weaker, more porous, and poorly cemented rock types and rock types containing significant or weak (or both) structural features. For these and other rock types which are difficult to prepare, all reasonable efforts shall be made to prepare a specimen in accordance with this practice and for the intended test procedure. However, when it has been determined by trial that this is not possible, prepare the rock specimen to the closest tolerances practicable and consider this to be the best effort (Note 1) and report it as such and if allowable or necessary for the intended test, capping the ends of the specimen as discussed in this practice is permitted.
Note 1: Best effort in surface preparation refers to the use of a well-maintained surface grinder, lathe or lapping machine by an experienced operator in which a reasonable number of attempts has been made to meet the tolerances required in this procedure.
1.3 This practices covers some, but not all of the curatorial issues that should be implemented. For curatorial issues that should ...
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´1
Designation: D4543 − 08
Standard Practices for
Preparing Rock Core as Cylindrical Test Specimens and
Verifying Conformance to Dimensional and Shape
1
Tolerances
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4543; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorially corrected 5.1 in April 2017.
1. Scope* should be followed before and during specimen preparation
refertoPracticesD5079andtothespecificteststandardsin2.1
1.1 These practices specify procedures for laboratory rock
for which the specimens are being prepared.
core test specimen preparation of rock core from drill core and
block samples for strength and deformation testing and for
1.4 This practice also prescribes tolerance checks on the
determining the conformance of the test specimen dimensions
length-to-diameter ratio, straightness of the elements on the
with tolerances established by this practice. Cubical,
cylindricalsurface,theflatnessoftheendbearingsurfaces,and
rectangular, or other shapes are not covered by this practice.
the perpendicularity of the end surfaces with the axis of the
However, some of the information contained with in this
core.
practice and in standard Test Method C170 may still be of use
1.5 The requirement for specifying the moisture condition
to preparing other test specimen shapes.
of the test specimen is also stated. However, the requirements
1.2 Rock is a complex engineering material that can vary
in the specific test standards in 2.1 should be followed too.
greatly as a function of lithology, stress history, weathering,
moisture content and chemistry, and other natural geologic 1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
processes. As such, it is not always possible to obtain or guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
prepare rock core specimens that satisfy the desirable toler- Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.
ances given in this practice. Most commonly, this situation
1.6.1 The practices/procedures used to specify how data are
presents itself with weaker, more porous, and poorly cemented
collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded
rock types and rock types containing significant or weak (or
as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of
both) structural features. For these and other rock types which
the significant digits that generally should be retained. The
are difficult to prepare, all reasonable efforts shall be made to
proceduresuseddonotconsidermaterialvariation,purposefor
prepareaspecimeninaccordancewiththispracticeandforthe
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
intendedtestprocedure.However,whenithasbeendetermined
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
by trial that this is not possible, prepare the rock specimen to
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
the closest tolerances practicable and consider this to be the
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
best effort (Note 1) and report it as such and if allowable or
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis
necessary for the intended test, capping the ends of the
methods for engineering design.
specimen as discussed in this practice is permitted.
1.7 Units—The dimensional values stated in either inch-
NOTE 1—Best effort in surface preparation refers to the use of a
pound units or SI units are to be regarded as standard, such as
well-maintained surface grinder, lathe or lapping machine by an experi-
4 to 12 in. or 100 to 300 mm.The values stated in each system
enced operator in which a reasonable number of attempts has been made
to meet the tolerances required in this procedure. may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be
used independently of the other. Combining values from the
1.3 This practices covers some, but not all of the curatorial
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
issues that should be implemented. For curatorial issues that
(Note, when mass measurements are added to determine
densities or unit weights, add the following.)
1
ThesepracticesareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
1.7.1 Only the SI units are used for mass determinations,
RockandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD18.12onRockMechanics.
calculations and reported results. However, the use of balances
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008. Published February 2008. Originally
or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) shall not be regarded
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D4543–07. D
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D4543 − 08 D4543 − 08
Standard Practices for
Preparing Rock Core as Cylindrical Test Specimens and
Verifying Conformance to Dimensional and Shape
1
Tolerances
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4543; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorially corrected 5.1 in April 2017.
1. Scope*
1.1 These practices specify procedures for laboratory rock core test specimen preparation of rock core from drill core and block
samples for strength and deformation testing and for determining the conformance of the test specimen dimensions with tolerances
established by this practice. Cubical, rectangular, or other shapes are not covered by this practice. However, some of the
information contained with in this practice and in standard Test Method C170 may still be of use to preparing other test specimen
shapes.
1.2 Rock is a complex engineering material that can vary greatly as a function of lithology, stress history, weathering, moisture
content and chemistry, and other natural geologic processes. As such, it is not always possible to obtain or prepare rock core
specimens that satisfy the desirable tolerances given in this practice. Most commonly, this situation presents itself with weaker,
more porous, and poorly cemented rock types and rock types containing significant or weak (or both) structural features. For these
and other rock types which are difficult to prepare, all reasonable efforts shall be made to prepare a specimen in accordance with
this practice and for the intended test procedure. However, when it has been determined by trial that this is not possible, prepare
the rock specimen to the closest tolerances practicable and consider this to be the best effort (Note 1) and report it as such and if
allowable or necessary for the intended test, capping the ends of the specimen as discussed in this practice is permitted.
NOTE 1—Best effort in surface preparation refers to the use of a well-maintained surface grinder, lathe or lapping machine by an experienced operator
in which a reasonable number of attempts has been made to meet the tolerances required in this procedure.
1.3 This practices covers some, but not all of the curatorial issues that should be implemented. For curatorial issues that should
be followed before and during specimen preparation refer to Practices D5079 and to the specific test standards in section2.1 2.1
for which the specimens are being prepared.
1.4 This practice also prescribes tolerance checks on the length-to-diameter ratio, straightness of the elements on the cylindrical
surface, the flatness of the end bearing surfaces, and the perpendicularity of the end surfaces with the axis of the core.
1.5 The requirement for specifying the moisture condition of the test specimen is also stated. However, the requirements in the
specific test standards in section2.1 2.1 should be followed too.
1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026, unless superseded by this standard.
1.6.1 The practices/procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as
the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures
used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s
objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these
considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.
1.7 Units—The dimensional values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded as standard, such as 4 to 12
in. or 100 to 300 mm. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. (Note, when
mass measurements are added to determine densities or unit weights, add the following.)
1
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and are the direct re
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