ASTM C183-97

Standard Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of Hydraulic Cement

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling and for the amount of testing of hydraulic cement after it has been manufactured and is ready to be offered for sale.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information purposes only.
1.2.1 A ton as used in this practice is 907 kg (2000 lb).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jul-1997
• ICS: 91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
• Technical Committee: C01 - Cement
• Drafting Committee: C01.95 - Coordination of Standards

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM C183-02 - Standard Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of Hydraulic Cement
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM F7-95(2021) - Standard Specification for Aluminum Oxide Powder (Withdrawn 2023)
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D2687-95(2016) - Standard Practices for Sampling Particulate Ion-Exchange Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1997
• Referred By: ASTM C260/C260M-10a(2016) - Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D3665-12(2017) - Standard Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1997

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 183 – 97
Standard Practice for
Sampling and the Amount of Testing of Hydraulic Cement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 183; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope C 204 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by
Air Permeability Apparatus
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling and for the
C 227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of
amount of testing of hydraulic cement after it has been
Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method)
manufactured and is ready to be offered for sale.
C 265 Test Method for Calcium Sulfate in Hydrated Port-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
land Cement Mortar
standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for informa-
C 266 Test Method for Time of Setting of HydraulicCement
tion purposes only.
Paste by Gillmore Needles
1.2.1 A ton as used in this practice is 907 kg (2000 lb).
C 451 Test Method for Early Stiffening of Hydraulic Ce-
1.2.2 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in
ment (Paste Method)
SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for
C 452 Test Method for Potential Expansion of Hydraulic
Conversion and Rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI
Cement Mortars Exposed to Sulfate
10, of measurement made in other units.
C 563 Test Method for Optimum S0 in Hydraulic Cement
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Using 24 h Compressive Strength
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
C 845 Specification for Expansive Hydraulic Cement
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
C 1012 Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution
2. Referenced Documents
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
poses
2.1 ASTM Standards:
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International
C 91 Specification for Masonry Cement
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
C 109 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic
2.2 ACI Standard:
Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube Specimens)
225.1R Guide to the Selection and Use of Hydraulic Ce-
C 114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic
ments
Cement
C 115 Test Method for Fineness of Portland Cement by the
3. Terminology
Turbidimeter
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
3.1.1 lot (of cement)—specific quantity of cement offered
C 151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Portland
2 for inspection at any one time. A lot may be one or more
Cement
storage bins filled consecutively. A lot may also be the contents
C 157 Test Method for Length Change of Hardened
3 of one or more transport units representing cement drawn from
Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
the same storage bin.
C 185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement
2 3.1.2 reduced testing rate—test program that provides for
Mortar
the testing of only two samples from any given lot of samples
C 186 Test Method for Heat of Hydration of Hydraulic
2 obtained and prepared for testing at the normal rate as
Cement
described herein. The program utilizes probability factors and
C 191 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Ce-
2 is so designed that when results from the two samples fulfill the
ment by Vicat Needle
requirements of the program it may be said with 95 %
confidence that less than 5 % of the samples would be outside
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-1 on Cement, and
the specification limits.
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.95 on Methods of Test.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1995. Published December 1995. Originally
published as C 183 – 44. Last previous edition C 183 – 95.
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. Detailed requirements for this sieve are given in Specification E 11.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C 183
4. Significance and Use other than that of the cement manufacturer, the cement sam-
pling schedule, sample transportation time, and sample testing
4.1 The sampling procedures described are intended for use
schedule must be coordinated among the purchaser, the manu-
in the procurement of samples of hydraulic cement after it has
facturer, and the testing laboratory so that the tests results will
been manufactured and is ready to be offered for sale. They are
be available when required.
not intended as sampling procedures for quality control pur-
6.2 The manufacturer of the cement shall make the cement
poses during manufacturing. The testing procedures outlined
available to be sampled for testing early enough before the time
cover the amount of testing to be done and provide guidance
the test results are needed so that at least the applicable time
for reporting on conformance or non-conformance of cements
intervals listed in 6.3 exist.
with requirements of purchase specifications.
6.3 When this has been done, the testing laboratory shall
4.2 This practice is referenced as the procedure for sampling
provide test results not later than the indicated number of days
masonry cement (Specification C 91), portland cement (Speci-
after sampling:
fication C 150), blended hydraulic cement (Specification
Test Methods Time Interval, days
C 595), and expansive hydraulic cement (Specification C 845).
4.3 Most building codes and construction specifications
C 109 (1-day results), C 114, C 115, C 151, C 185, 8
require that hydraulic cement to be used in the work meet the
C 191, C 204, C 451, C 265, C 266, C 563
C 109 (3-day results) 10
applicable requirements of the relevant purchase specifications,
C 109 and C186 (7-day results) 14
such as Specifications C 91, C 150, C 595, or C 845. If the
C 227, C452, and C1012 (14-day results) 21
code or specification requires sampling of the manufactured
C 109 and C186 (28-day results) 35
C 157 (34-day results) 41
cement, the provisions given in 4.4 are applicable. Not much
C 227 (56-day results) 63
cement is sold on the basis of such sampling and testing. A
C 227 (91-day results) 98
useful discussion of sampling and testing cement is contained
in ACI 225.1R.
7. Sampling
4.4 The procedures covered in this practice should be done
7.1 The cement may be sampled by any of the applicable
by or for purchasers of hydraulic cement who are using a code
methods described in this section.
or specification that requires sampling and testing to determine
7.1.1 From the Conveyor Delivering to Bulk Storage—Take
if the samples conform to the relevant acceptance specifica-
one grab sample, having a mass of at least 5 kg (10 lb), at
tions. The testing is done using specified methods to determine
approximately 6-h intervals.
whether the samples yield test results that conform to the
7.1.2 Transfer Sampling—Sample cement in storage while
specification, and the tests serve as a basis for acceptance or
the cement is being transferred from one bin to another. Take
rejection of the lot of material sampled.
one grab sample from the transfer stream for each 360 Mg (400
4.5 It is neither intended nor required that all cements be
tons) of cement, or fraction thereof, but take no less than two
tested using all the test methods referenced in Section 2.
grab samples and combine them to produce a composite
5. Kinds and Size of Samples and by Whom Taken
sample.
7.1.3 Other Sampling Methods—When neither of the above
5.1 A cement sample secured from a conveyor, from bulk
sampling methods is applicable, samples may, when authorized
storage, or from a bulk shipment in one operation, shall be
by the purchaser, be taken by one of the following methods:
termed a “grab sample.” A sample obtained during a 10-min
7.1.3.1 From Bulk Storage at Points of Discharge—
interval using an automatic sampling device that continuously
Withdraw cement from the discharge openings in a steady
samples a cement stream may also be termed a grab sample.
stream until sampling is completed. Estimate the quantity of
Grab samples taken at prescribed intervals over a period of
cement in Mg to be withdrawn from one discharge opening as
time may be combined to form a “composite sample’’ repre-
0.055 d 3 0.2, where d is the depth in metres of cement above
sentative of the cement produced during that period of time.
the discharge opening. If a high circular silo is being sampled,
5.2 All samples, whether grab or composite, shall have a
take all samples from one opening. If the quantity of the
mass of at least 5 kg (10 lb).
cement in the bin exceeds 1100 Mg (1200 tons) when low
5.3 The purchaser may designate a representative to super-
rectangular bins are being sampled, discharge openings em-
vise the sampling, packing, and shipping of samples when it is
ployed in the sampling shall be such that for no opening shall
so specified in the purchase contract.
the number of samples represent more than one half the
5.4 Package the samples in moisture-proof, airtight contain-
contents of the bin or more than 1800 Mg (2000 tons). In
ers numbered consecutively in the order in which the samples
sampling bulk storage at points of discharge, while the cement
are taken. The purchase contract shall state who will pay for the
is flowing through the openings, take samples at such intervals
costs of sampling, packaging, shipping and testing the samples.
so that at least two grab samples shall be secured for each 360
NOTE 1—Polyvinyl chloride sample containers, upon occasion, have
Mg (400 tons) in the bin or silo.
been found to affect the air-entraining potential of a cement sample. The
7.1.3.2 From Bulk Storage and Bulk Shipment by Means of
same problem might be experienced with containers made from other
a Slotted Tube Sampler—When the depth of the cement to be
plastics.
sampled does not exceed 2.1 m (7 ft), obtain samples using a
6. Testing-Time Requirements for the Completion of
slotted tube sampler similar to that shown in Fig. 1. It shall be
Tests
between 1.5 and 1.8 m (5 and 6 ft) long and approximately 35
6.1 When tests of hydraulic cement are made at a laboratory mm (1 ⁄8 in.) in outside diameter and consist of two polished
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C 183
FIG. 1 Slotted Tube Sampler for Bulk Cement
brass telescopic tubes with registering slots that are opened or same size openings, in order to mix the sample, break up
closed by rotation of the inner tube, the outer tube being lumps, and remove foreign material. Discard the foreign
provided with a sharp point to facilitate penetration. Take materials and hardened lumps that do not break up on sieving
samples from well-distributed points and various depths of the or brushing. Store the cement in airtight moisture-proof con-
cement so that the samples taken will represent the cement tainers to prevent aeration or absorption of moisture prior to
involved. test.
7.1.3.3 From Packaged Cement by Means of Tube
9. Amount of Testing
Sampler—Insert the sampler, shown in Fig. 2, diagonally into
the valve of the bag and place the thumb over the air hole. Then
9.1 General—When required, the purchaser shall specify
withdraw the sampler. Take one sample from a bag in each 4.5 the amount of testing for heat of hydration (Test Method
Mg (5 tons) or fraction thereof.
C 186), alkali reactivity (Test Method C 227), and sulfate
7.1.3.4 From Bulk Shipment of Car or Truck: resistance (Test Method C 1012). Make all other tests on
(a) Single Shipment—If only one car or truck is being loaded
individual grab or composite samples chosen as specified
and the loading is continuous and all from the same source, herein under Selection of Samples for Testing. Do only those
take a 5-kg (10-lb) sample. If not continuous or unknown,
tests required by the applicable specification.
combine five or more portions from different points in the load 9.2 Normal Testing—Determine the number of samples to
to form the test sample. be tested in accordance with Table 1. The normal testing rate
(b) Multiple Shipments—When the shipment consists of shall be used under the following conditions:
several cars or trucks loaded from the same source and on the 9.2.1 Before the quality history has been established,
same day, sample the shipment at the rate of one sample for 9.2.2 When no samples from a particular mill have been
each 90 Mg (100 tons) of cement or fraction thereof, but take tested within a year,
not less than two samples. Consider cement represented by
9.2.3 When the quality history is based entirely on data
such samples as a lot, and test the samples in accordance with more than two years old, and
the procedure outlined in the section on Amount of Testing.
9.2.4 When it is deemed necessary to recalculate the critical
7.2 Protection of Samples—As samples are taken, place limit because of indicated lack of control as shown by the
them directly in moisture-proof airtight containers to avoid
control chart of the range.
moisture absorption and aeration of the sample. If the samples
NOTE 2—Random grab samples taken at inappropriate times, such as
are placed in cans, fill the can completely and immediately
immediately following the repair or adjustment of manufacturing equip-
seal. Use moisture-proof multiple-wall paper bags or plastic
ment, or from inappropriate places, such as from the top surface of the
bags if they are strong enough to avoid breakage, and if they
material in a car, will not suitably reflect the properties of a cement, and
therefore should not be used as the basis for acceptance or rejection of a
can be sealed immediately after filling in such a manner as to
lot of cement.
eliminate excess air in the sample and avoid moisture absorp-
tion and aeration of the sample. Samples shall be treated as
9.3 Reduced Testing—After the quality history has been
described in the section on Preparation of Sample.
established,
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