ASTM D3665-12(2017)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Materials
Standard Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is useful for determining the location or time, or both, to take a sample in order to minimize any unintentional bias on the part of the person taking the sample.
Note 1: The effectiveness of this practice in achieving random samples is limited only by the conscientiousness of the user in following the stipulated procedures.
4.2 The selection procedures and examples in this standard provide a practical approach for ensuring that construction material samples are obtained in a random manner. Additional details concerning the number of sample increments, the number of samples, the quantities of material in each, and the procedures for extracting sample increments or samples from the construction lot or process are contained in Practices C172, C183, D75, D140, D979, D5361, and Test Method D345.
4.3 This standard contains examples citing road and paving materials. The concepts outlined herein are applicable to the random sampling of any construction material and can easily be adapted thereto.
4.4 Additional sampling guidance is provided in Practice E105 concerning probability sampling, Practice E122 concerning choosing sample sizes to estimate the average quality of a lot or process (see Note 2), and in Practice E141 for acceptance of evidence based on results of probability sampling.
Note 2: The guidance contained in Practice E122 is not available in other documents referenced in this section.
4.5 The best and most practical method for ensuring that samples of construction materials include the full range of a construction process is by incorporating a stratified random sampling procedure into the sampling process. To implement a stratified random sampling procedure, divide the lot to be sampled into the desired number of equal sublots and randomly sample each sublot in accordance with this standard.
Note 3: If the sublots are of unequal size, it will likely be necessary to weigh the samples in order to maintain a fair and defensible...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of random locations (or timing) at which samples of construction materials can be taken. For the exact physical procedures for securing the sample, such as a description of the sampling tool, the number of increments needed for a sample, or the size of the sample, reference should be made to the appropriate standard method. The selection procedures in Section 6 utilize the table of four-digit numbers given in Table 1.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3665 − 12 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Practice for
Random Sampling of Construction Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3665; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
1.1 This practice covers the determination of random loca-
Lot or Process
tions (or timing) at which samples of construction materials
E141Practice for Acceptance of Evidence Based on the
canbetaken.Fortheexactphysicalproceduresforsecuringthe
Results of Probability Sampling
sample, such as a description of the sampling tool, the number
of increments needed for a sample, or the size of the sample,
3. Terminology
reference should be made to the appropriate standard method.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
The selection procedures in Section 6 utilize the table of
3.1.1 representative sample, n—(1) a random sample; or (2)
four-digit numbers given in Table 1.
an unbiased sample.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1.1 random sample, n—a sample obtained from a lot of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
materialinsuchamannerthatallpartsofthelothaveaknown
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
probability of being included in the sample.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.1.1 Discussion—An example of random sample is the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
casewherespecificationslimitroadwaysamplingtowithinone
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
foot of the edge, therefore the probability of inclusion of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
samples within one foot of the edge is zero.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.1.2 unbiased sample, n—asampleobtainedfromalotof
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
materialinsuchamannerthatallpartsofthelothaveanequal
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
probability of being included in the sample.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 This practice is useful for determining the location or
2.1 ASTM Standards:
time, or both, to take a sample in order to minimize any
C172Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
unintentional bias on the part of the person taking the sample.
C183Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of
Hydraulic Cement NOTE 1—The effectiveness of this practice in achieving random
samples is limited only by the conscientiousness of the user in following
D75Practice for Sampling Aggregates
the stipulated procedures.
D140Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
4.2 The selection procedures and examples in this standard
D345Test Method for Sampling and Testing Calcium Chlo-
provide a practical approach for ensuring that construction
ride for Roads and Structural Applications
material samples are obtained in a random manner.Additional
D979Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures
details concerning the number of sample increments, the
D5361Practice for Sampling Compacted Bituminous Mix-
number of samples, the quantities of material in each, and the
tures for Laboratory Testing
procedures for extracting sample increments or samples from
E105Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
theconstructionlotorprocessarecontainedinPracticesC172,
C183, D75, D140, D979, D5361, and Test Method D345.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and
4.3 This standard contains examples citing road and paving
Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.30 on
Methods of Sampling.
materials. The concepts outlined herein are applicable to the
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. Originally
random sampling of any construction material and can easily
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D3665–12. DOI:
be adapted thereto.
10.1520/D3665-12R17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.4 Additional sampling guidance is provided in Practice
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
E105concerningprobabilitysampling,PracticeE122concern-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. ing choosing sample sizes to estimate the average quality of a
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3665 − 12 (2017)
lotorprocess(seeNote2),andinPracticeE141foracceptance sampling procedure into the sampling process.To implement a
of evidence based on results of probability sampling. stratified random sampling procedure, divide the lot to be
sampledintothedesirednumberofequalsublotsandrandomly
NOTE 2—The guidance contained in Practice E122 is not available in
sample each sublot in accordance with this standard.
other documents referenced in this section.
4.5 The best and most practical method for ensuring that
NOTE3—Ifthesublotsareofunequalsize,itwilllikelybenecessaryto
samples of construction materials include the full range of a
weigh the samples in order to maintain a fair and defensible sampling
construction process is by incorporating a stratified random process.
TABLE 1 Table of Random Numbers
Column
Row 1 2 34567 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
1 0.0356 0.8697 0.2205 0.4538 0.8827 0.4225 0.4008 0.4615 0.7901 0.6500 0.3838 0.6723 0.3978 0.8775 0.5588 0.8829 0.8980 0.3108 0.8204 0.5809
2 0.8580 0.2990 0.4644 0.4871 0.8163 0.9263 0.4562 0.6337 0.3934 0.4141 0.9521 0.2879 0.6361 0.2021 0.7589 0.1870 0.9183 0.6149 0.4569 0.0378
3 0.8868 0.7446 0.6652 0.8173 0.4798 0.0117 0.3324 0.0097 0.6668 0.0963 0.0875 0.8582 0.7717 0.2669 0.0231 0.3648 0.2685 0.9928 0.9793 0.4411
4 0.7940 0.9892 0.5329 0.1233 0.0121 0.1633 0.2466 0.6142 0.3381 0.0445 0.3771 0.5309 0.9193 0.6072 0.1577 0.4387 0.7038 0.8757 0.2657 0.3006
5 0.0305 0.8423 0.6766 0.4190 0.2374 0.8753 0.4063 0.3408 0.9021 0.9039 0.5236 0.8083 0.3872 0.6830 0.8937 0.1957 0.8938 0.5609 0.7841 0.9078
6 0.1990 0.1379 0.1276 0.8425 0.7700 0.0468 0.4882 0.7197 0.6832 0.7265 0.1392 0.4944 0.1193 0.2191 0.9428 0.0598 0.1253 0.0438 0.2364 0.8283
7 0.7772 0.5641 0.3472 0.7382 0.3921 0.6947 0.1795 0.8053 0.3994 0.8987 0.9821 0.3976 0.9681 0.0133 0.4219 0.2847 0.6499 0.7325 0.2250 0.7163
8 0.8062 0.3416 0.7687 0.1519 0.3264 0.6758 0.9357 0.1854 0.4155 0.1200 0.6862 0.9827 0.8000 0.5474 0.6931 0.0730 0.7022 0.4352 0.8045 0.9308
9 0.0653 0.1296 0.4614 0.5070 0.1989 0.9625 0.9050 0.9109 0.3074 0.0470 0.8219 0.9812 0.8277 0.3898 0.1725 0.6658 0.2857 0.7811 0.1973 0.1144
10 0.4181 0.4971 0.3942 0.4448 0.2319 0.5155 0.9658 0.1595 0.1979 0.3377 0.2642 0.3430 0.0945 0.2011 0.5689 0.1731 0.4044 0.3248 0.2343 0.7948
11 0.9174 0.0714 0.3789 0.6153 0.5821 0.9347 0.5790 0.4254 0.8405 0.8805 0.5125 0.1703 0.5123 0.9250 0.5521 0.2550 0.6623 0.5314 0.3974 0.8612
12 0.3636 0.0533 0.7853 0.8393 0.2079 0.6486 0.7869 0.2127 0.2143 0.8966 0.2007 0.7918 0.5869 0.1063 0.8177 0.7662 0.8717 0.6379 0.8377 0.1199
13 0.5300 0.7917 0.4838 0.5933 0.1910 0.7645 0.3495 0.6484 0.9602 0.4602 0.1401 0.5121 0.4541 0.9585 0.7676 0.3336 0.9076 0.2465 0.8121 0.7186
14 0.2863 0.9575 0.2481 0.0518 0.1765 0.9679 0.1299 0.9131 0.3051 0.7447 0.3026 0.2638 0.8831 0.6835 0.9893 0.9380 0.2478 0.8369 0.8063 0.3094
15 0.0919 0.8835 0.1516 0.0738 0.7219 0.3144 0.1118 0.5779 0.3448 0.8988 0.4771 0.3194 0.5435 0.7660 0.2173 0.7613 0.7741 0.6532 0.7655 0.5319
16 0.2116 0.7835 0.9001 0.3824 0.2247 0.0826 0.5451 0.8301 0.6777 0.5574 0.1168 0.6111 0.6003 0.3233 0.1176 0.7856 0.7148 0.2957 0.5507 0.7956
17 0.5583 0.4657 0.9500 0.9321 0.7194 0.0313 0.1899 0.5829 0.9650 0.6273 0.6164 0.0801 0.8359 0.6847 0.2880 0.9049 0.7390 0.6729 0.5807 0.4152
18 0.3455 0.6793 0.5516 0.6413 0.0806 0.9489 0.2105 0.5373 0.5276 0.7742 0.6070 0.1399 0.4579 0.5358 0.8796 0.3889 0.9118 0.6181 0.3749 0.1136
19 0.9809 0.1277 0.2121 0.6564 0.8096 0.1339 0.1651 0.8728 0.5060 0.2562 0.0575 0.4796 0.1025 0.8165 0.4659 0.6653 0.2532 0.6848 0.5896 0.6978
20 0.3544 0.3332 0.1076 0.9623 0.9570 0.9005 0.7518 0.2124 0.7816 0.0524 0.3852 0.2564 0.3572 0.2538 0.2743 0.2239 0.2928 0.4689 0.6561 0.5525
21 0.3107 0.4720 0.8457 0.7880 0.3941 0.8184 0.7261 0.8509 0.8218 0.6054 0.2363 0.3096 0.9851 0.6575 0.3180 0.2515 0.0205 0.4551 0.9801 0.4422
22 0.3105 0.8302 0.4188 0.3404 0.6603 0.8052 0.7317 0.0376 0.4959 0.8992 0.4175 0.1798 0.6674 0.0772 0.9646 0.1547 0.9817 0.3133 0.9012 0.0555
23 0.2795 0.5932 0.5858 0.6159 0.3832 0.7783 0.5636 0.6465 0.0149 0.0369 0.7373 0.5268 0.1544 0.0465 0.9359 0.5398 0.4154 0.6665 0.5770 0.7976
24 0.1222 0.4230 0.9137 0.6906 0.6160 0.5612 0.2425 0.9598 0.2475 0.1652 0.2774 0.4059 0.7871 0.4323 0.2282 0.7970 0.1964 0.8050 0.5935 0.6852
25 0.3933 0.4639 0.9741 0.9616 0.5343 0.6853 0.0568 0.0109 0.5199 0.2707 0.7138 0.4932 0.4308 0.1584 0.0059 0.0467 0.8550 0.7407 0.3616 0.8418
26 0.6375 0.9508 0.6063 0.6271 0.0392 0.9462 0.7996 0.9033 0.8493 0.5789 0.3668 0.9685 0.3273 0.9763 0.7681 0.3785 0.3716 0.6096 0.5991 0.4977
27 0.8828 0.8225 0.7213 0.8026 0.9042 0.2941 0.4287 0.6298 0.3062 0.4836 0.1267 0.3965 0.5990 0.4737 0.1563 0.8610 0.2998 0.1816 0.4540 0.1608
28 0.4528 0.0677 0.9607 0.6735 0.7048 0.3927 0.6913 0.3480 0.7553 0.4496 0.4527 0.3829 0.3461 0.4393 0.0062 0.9974 0.3989 0.2966 0.0273 0.2672
29 0.8241 0.9913 0.6051 0.1978 0.7680 0.0890 0.9716 0.5439 0.2246 0.5703 0.5120 0.7354 0.6625 0.2479 0.4592 0.3497 0.7953 0.2891 0.1571 0.4415
30 0.7673 0.7565 0.8132 0.3048 0.7381 0.1866 0.3811 0.1395 0.9473 0.4633 0.2630 0.0805 0.5110 0.5886 0.6523 0.8708 0.1482 0.9179 0.7410 0.1800
31 0.1455 0.2822 0.5090 0.0486 0.1449 0.3154 0.6839 0.6125 0.2583 0.0908 0.4781 0.4029 0.3166 0.9201 0.9360 0.1265 0.6174 0.4998 0.7994 0.4431
32 0.5559 0.4417 0.9958 0.1375 0.3938 0.3579 0.3056 0.4888 0.9534 0.5698 0.4302 0.1562 0.3409 0.4339 0.5964 0.1856 0.9748 0.8212 0.8917 0.6114
33 0.3869 0.0389 0.8325 0.1481 0.9486 0.4295 0.2151 0.9310 0.6474 0.4319 0.8648 0.1625 0.7669 0.1420 0.1235 0.7456 0.4629 0.8687 0.8111 0.2848
34 0.6846 0.5393 0.5101 0.6459 0.3384 0.7169 0.7646 0.5726 0.7334 0.8675 0.5246 0.5501 0.7638 0.0602 0.5551 0.7096 0.8306 0.1124 0.9806 0.8261
35 0.7412 0.1670 0.9434 0.5619 0.7958 0.7664 0.5776 0.7392 0.8174 0.2921 0.4320 0.4198 0.4405 0.8766 0.5255 0.6235 0.2760 0.8997 0.3319 0.8305
36 0.2962 0.8959 0.1923 0.2913 0.3496 0.7490 0.3268 0.6689 0.5693 0.6985 0.8471 0.3621 0.2606 0.9251 0.4396 0.9781 0.9281 0.4138 0.5440 0.4003
37 0.5891 0.2476 0.5682 0.7971 0.7684 0.7739 0.9110 0.5279 0.2185 0.2267 0.5786 0.5259 0.6820 0.5864 0.8436 0.2467 0.2174 0.1038 0.3551 0.0790
38 0.6755 0.6776 0.0063 0.7536 0.4472 0.7270 0.6630 0.7563 0.9819 0.7059 0.4127 0.5392 0.2353 0.2671 0.2581 0.4313 0.1492 0.7071 0.4245 0.5256
39 0.0304 0.3065 0.7253 0.5462 0.4887 0.9677 0.0836 0.7073 0.6673 0.8901 0.6168 0.1682 0.6479 0.5838 0.9895 0.9052 0.8041 0.3085 0.7294 0.5430
40 0.1217 0.6469 0.1386 0.6736 0.8927 0.8188 0.3325 0.1298 0.1470 0.9798 0.4001 0.5649 0.4773 0.1993 0.5547 0.3928 0.1065 0.4847 0.7819 0.3952
41 0.7083 0.2750 0.5020 0.2919 0.1907 0.9975 0.1699 0.1580 0.2987 0.2015 0.4603 0.0733 0.8926 0.1103 0.1701 0.5732 0.7292 0.1786 0.8474 0.9932
42 0.0138 0.7882 0.5022 0.1523 0.0226 0.4346 0.6656 0.1293 0.6284 0.5922 0.2738 0.5046 0.0043 0.3289 0.6412 0.5496 0.0359 0.8640 0.7372 0.0145
43 0.9341 0.1961 0.2243 0.5299 0.3272 0.0774 0.3768 0.3298 0.3886 0.4275 0.0606 0.7166 0.3356 0.5960 0.3007 0.0351 0.9280 0.7488 0.5522 0.1032
44 0.8614 0.7227 0.3796 0.7818 0.6428 0.7740 0.6341 0.5229 0.2931 0.3303 0.8021 0.4166 0.0175 0.0163 0.1924 0.0722 0.0368 0.3633 0.9159 0.6930
45 0.5385 0.5289 0.9784 0.8562 0.5176 0.7345 0.9587 0.0743 0.6001 0.0235 0.5561 0.3000 0.6912 0.5096 0.0435 0.5320 0.2085 0.1597 0.4799 0.5171
46 0.5979 0.6094 0.0863 0.2458 0.9090 0.2937 0.8195 0.1778 0.1189 0.6117 0.6220 0.7426 0.8556 0.4642 0.7908 0.4669 0.5250 0.5791 0.6536 0.2349
47 0.9057 0.1826 0.2980 1.0000 0.6281 0.9134 0.7457 0.4114 0.1380 0.8544 0.9832 0.2391 0.3897 0.6078 0.5774 0.8249 0.3363 0.7580 0.3101 0.8290
48 0.4315 0.5204 0.7018 0.5839 0.8344 0.3552 0.3506 0.2907 0.2367 0.7180 0.4895 0.7000 0.3876 0.6223 0.8169 0.7256 0.5919 0.1493 0.6872 0.6166
49 0.3747 0.3067 0.5837 0.3798 0.2122 0.1231 0.7528 0.5004 0.8587 0.2019 0.5503 0.8136 0.2197 0.3593 0.9098 0.6697 0.8790 0.9954 0.8384 0.2616
50 0.2108 0.5876 0.3779 0.3313 0.9510 0.7574 0.7844 0.0986 0.9460 0.8196 0.6916 0.3286 0.4119 0.1974 0.4312 0.7993 0.5471 0.0599 0.7504 0.1550
51 0.2546 0.6608 0.5509 0.3473 0.5846 0.8948 0.2115 0.3412 0.1180 0.0740 0.9903 0.9390 0.3151 0.6119 0.5192 0.2134 0.3132 0.5544 0.9249 0.4246
52 0.8546 0.5976 0.4030 0.6020 0.4150 0.1462 0.3160 0.2477 0.9297 0.7111 0.7067 0.7858 0.5707 0.0520 0.1583 0.2253 0.7338 0.5280 0.2334 0.0896
D3665 − 12 (2017)
TABLE 1 Continued
Column
Row 1 2 34567 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
53 0.3835 0.8346 0.1555 0.9635 0.5912 0.5211 0.2264 0.1373 0.6416 0.2488 0.5816 0.8532 0.9682 0.1575 0.2873 0.8617 0.8485 0.2526 0.5128 0.1782
54 0.3164 0.9559 0.6894 0.3290 0.0857 0.1933 0.3185 0.0699 0.0431 0.2781 0.6186 0.0907 0.5089 0.1892 0.2572 0.9905 0.0665 0.1066 0.9961 0.9930
55 0.3130 0.1475 0.9099 0.8060 0.0338 0.0625 0.0549 0.7349 0.3866 0.1752 0.5421 0.3931 0.6343 0.7156 0.8422 0.6514 0.7890 0.2924 0.1809 0.2692
56 0.7911 0.5716 0.0373 0.5861 0.1039 0.6798 0.8594 0.8317 0.0354 0.9736 0.8922 0.1227 0.5902 0.0797 0.7425 0.5556 0.2123 0.5029 0.1628 0.4869
57 0.9198 0.5400 0.0666 0.5460 0.4048 0.6112 0.4347 0.4186 0.9478 0.2586 0.9874 0.3600 0.0458 0.6272 0.1150 0.8650 0.4912 0.7474 0.5485 0.5702
58 0.8727 0.2502 0.4855 0.8685 0.4243 0.0791 0.4340 0.3848 0.9395 0.5653 0.0472 0.2773 0.5950 0.7770 0.2336 0.3219 0.4946 0.2358 0.0136 0.0330
59 0.7465 0.3035 0.9044 0.4627 0.0384 0.1256 0.9422 0.5983 0.0072 0.1259 0.0720 0.9546 0.0802 0.9629 0.8070 0.5780 0.2286 0.7404 0.7060 0.5826
60 0.4104 0.6921 0.0984 0.2920 0.0793 0.4349 0.4265 0.1730 0.0200 0.6064 0.1326 0.3555 0.9144 0.9922 0.7804 0.9459 0.1830 0.6811 0.4276 0.1316
61 0.1097 0.5659 0.6392 0.7802 0.6662 0.9464 0.3442 0.5566 0.8280 0.3671 0.7720 0.2833 0.3675 0.5129 0.0057 0.6463 0.6825 0.9235 0.6927 0.
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