ASTM D2687-95(2016)
(Practice)Standard Practices for Sampling Particulate Ion-Exchange Materials
Standard Practices for Sampling Particulate Ion-Exchange Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice will be used most frequently to sample materials as received from the manufacturer in the original shipping container and prior to any resin-conditioning procedure. Since certain ion-exchange materials are supplied by the manufacturer in the dry or free-flowing state whereas others are supplied moist, it is necessary to employ two different sampling devices. Therefore, this practice is divided into Sampling Procedure—Dry or Free-Flowing Material (Section 8), and Sampling Procedure—Moist Material (Section 9).
5.2 Once the sample is obtained, it is necessary to protect the ion-exchange materials from changes. Samples should be placed in sealable, gasproof containers immediately.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices2 cover procedures for obtaining representative samples of ion-exchange materials. The following practices are included:
Sections
Practice A—Sampling from a Single Package and
Multiple Package Lots or Shipments
4 to 11
Practice B—Sampling from Fixed Bed Ion-Exchange
Equipment Having Unrestricted Head Room
12 to 16
Practice C—Sampling from Fixed Bed Ion-Exchange
Equipment Having Restricted Head Room
17 to 21
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2687 −95 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Practices for
Sampling Particulate Ion-Exchange Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2687; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope into an ion-exchange unit.Asampling tube is inserted through
the probe guide and is connected to a vacuum source. Ion-
1.1 These practices cover procedures for obtaining repre-
exchange material is removed by eduction.Acore sampler also
sentative samples of ion-exchange materials. The following
may be used.
practices are included:
Sections
5. Significance and Use
PracticeA—Sampling from a Single Package and
Multiple Package Lots or Shipments 4to 11
5.1 This practice will be used most frequently to sample
Practice B—Sampling from Fixed Bed Ion-Exchange
materials as received from the manufacturer in the original
Equipment Having Unrestricted Head Room 12to16
Practice C—Sampling from Fixed Bed Ion-Exchange shipping container and prior to any resin-conditioning proce-
Equipment Having Restricted Head Room 17to21
dure. Since certain ion-exchange materials are supplied by the
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
manufacturerinthedryorfree-flowingstatewhereasothersare
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
supplied moist, it is necessary to employ two different sam-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
pling devices. Therefore, this practice is divided into Sampling
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Procedure—Dry or Free-Flowing Material (Section 8), and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Sampling Procedure—Moist Material (Section 9).
5.2 Once the sample is obtained, it is necessary to protect
2. Referenced Documents
the ion-exchange materials from changes. Samples should be
2.1 ASTM Standards:
placed in sealable, gasproof containers immediately.
C183 Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of
Hydraulic Cement
6. Apparatus
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
6.1 Sampling Devices, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
3. Terminology
NOTE 1—The sampling devised described in Fig. 2 is the same as that
used in Practice C183.
3.1 Definitions—Certain terms in these practices that relate
to ion exchange are defined in Terminology D1129.
6.2 Sealable, Gasproof Containers, for sample storage.
6.3 Sample Quartering Materials—A0.5by0.5m(20by20
PRACTICE A—SAMPLING FROM A SINGLE
in.) sheet of glazed paper, oil cloth, or flexible plastic film.
PACKAGE AND MULTIPLE PACKAGE LOTS OR
SHIPMENTS
7. Kind and Number of Samples
4. Summary of Practice
7.1 For a representative sample from a single package, a
minimum of three probes or increments should be taken with
4.1 A hollow, sample-probe guide that is comprised of
mating threaded sections and that can be extended to any the sampling device.
convenient length by the addition of more sections, is inserted
7.2 For a representative sample from a multiple package lot
or shipment:
1 7.2.1 If the markings on the package indicate the material to
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion
be sampled is from a single lot (batch or manufacturing run),
Exchange Materials.
the number of packages selected shall be not less than 10 % of
Current edition approved May 15, 2016. Published May 2016. Originally
ɛ1 the packages received. When less than 30 packages are
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2687 – 95 (2007) .
received, a minimum of three packages shall be chosen at
DOI: 10.1520/D2687-95R16.
These practices were developed from activities withinASTM Committee D19.
random for sampling. If a single lot contains more than 30
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
packages and the order of filling is designated on the packages,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
the first, last, and middle packages shall be sampled. If the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
theASTM website. results of the analysis of these three samples agree within the
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
D2687 − 95 (2016)
If the sample obtained is larger than required, reduce the
sample using the quartering techniques given in 10.1.
8.1.8 Seal the sample container and affix label as outlined in
Section 11.
8.1.9 Alternatively, the sampling tube (Fig. 1) may be used
for sampling dry or free-flowing resin. Follow procedure given
in Section 9. Loss of resin from the bottom of the sampler may
FIG. 1 51-mm (2-in.) Inside Diameter Plastic Tube with 2.4-mm
occur and cause bias in the sample.
( ⁄32-in.) Wall Thickness Ion-Exchanger Sampling Tube
8.2 If the ion-exchange material is dry or free-flowing and
the outer package is a bag:
8.2.1 Transfer the contents of the bag to a drum which has
NOTE 1—This device shall be between 1.2 and 1.5 m (4 and 5 ft) long
a diameter less than its height and will hold the entire contents
and about 35 mm (1 ⁄8 in.) in outside diameter. It shall consist of two
of the bag.
polished brass telescopic tubes with registering slots which are opened or
8.2.2 Proceed in accordance with 8.1.
closed by rotation of the inner tube, the outer tube being provided with a
point to facilitate penetration
NOTE 4—The sampling device (Fig. 2) can allow resin entering the
FIG. 2 Slotted Tube Sample for Ion-Exchange Resins
upper openings to fall into the bottom portion of the device, thereby
biasing the sample.
limits of precision of the test methods used, further samples
9. Sampling Procedure—Moist Material
from the lot need not be taken. If they are not in agreement,
9.1 If the ion-exchange material is moist and contained in a
additional samples may be taken at the option of the parties
drum:
concerned.When the entire shipment oran entire lot consists of
9.1.1 Upend the drum and allow to stand 16 h (overnight) to
three packages or less, a sample shall be taken from each
redistribute any excess water that may be present.
package. The number of samples taken with the sampling
9.1.2 Right drum, rock it slightly from several sides for
device should not be less than three per individual package.
uniform packing and open.
7.2.2 If the shipment consists of more than one lot (batch or
9.1.3 The points chosen for probing on the surface should
manufacturing run) of material, sample each lot separately as
lie on a circle approximately two thirds of the diameter of the
in 7.2.1. For a representative sample of the entire shipment, the
drum.
numberofpackagessampledperlotshouldbeinthesameratio
9.1.4 Rapidlythrustthesamplingtube(Fig.1)tothebottom
as the number of packages of that lot in the entire shipment.
of the drum.
For example, if the shipment consists of 40 drums of lot x and
9.1.5 Withdraw the sampling device.
60 drums of lot y, sample four drums of lot x and six drums of
lot y.
9.1.6 Empty the contents into the sample container.
9.1.7 Repeat 9.1.4 through 9.1.6 until sufficient sample is
8. Sampling Procedure—Dry or Free-Flowing Material
obtained.Aminimumofthreeprobesorincrementsisrequired.
If the sample obtained is larger than required, reduce the
8.1 If the ion-exchange material is dry or free-flowing and
sample using the quartering technique given in 10.1.
contained in a drum:
9.1.8 Seal the sample container and affix label as outlined in
8.1.1 Rock the drum slightly from several sides for uniform
packing and open. Section 11.
8.1.2 The points chosen for probing on the surface should
9.2 If the ion-exchange material is moist and the outer
lie on a circle approximately two thirds the diameter of the
package is a bag:
drum and uniformly spaced.
9.2.1 Transfer the contents of the bag to a drum that has a
8.1.3 Rotatetheinnertubeofthesamplingdevice(Fig.2)to
diameter less than its height and will hold the entire contents of
the closed position, and thrust the sampling device to the
the bag.
bottom of the drum.
9.2.2 Proceed in accordance with 9.1.
8.1.4 Rotate the inner tube to the open position and collect
thesamplebymovingthetopofthesamplingdeviceinacircle
10. Quartering Procedure
(about75to150mm(3to6in.)indiameter)severaltimeswith
10.1 Using a sheet of glazed paper, oil cloth, or flexible
the open sections forward.
8.1.5 Rotate the inner tube to the closed position and plastic film:
remove the sampling device from the drum. 10.1.1 Empty the sample container into the center of the
sheet.
NOTE 2—The sharp point of the sampling device may pierce the drum
10.1.2 Flatten out the sample gently with the palm of the
liner. Have the point rounded slightly (by grinding, filing, etc.).
NOTE 3—Corrosion may occur after only a few months on this type of hand until the ion-exchange material is approximately 25 mm
sampling device and will render it unsuitable for resin sampling.
(1 in.) thick.
8.1.6 Empty the contents into the sample container. 10.1.3 Remix the sample by lifting a corner of the sheet and
8.1.7 Repeat 8.1.3 through 8.1.6 until sufficient sample is drawingitacross,lowdown,totheoppositecornerinamanner
obtained.Aminimumofthreeprobesorincrementsisrequired. that the material is made to roll over and over and does not
D2687 − 95 (2016)
merely slide along. Continue operation with each corner, regeneration,andparticularlyinthecaseofmixedbedsystems,
proceeding in a clockwise direction. Repeat this operation will detect such problems as insufficient mixing and backwash-
three times. ing.
10.1.4 Lift all four corners of the sheet towards the center
12.3 This practice will not retrieve ion-exchange material
and holding all four corners together, raise the entire sheet into
from the bottom 50 mm (2 in.) of a unit without subfill
the air to form a pocket for the ion-exchange material.
(supporting bed).
10.1.5 Repeat 10.1.2.
12.4 In this practice, the sample is taken in the regenerated
10.1.6 With a straightedge at least as long as the flattened
form. However, in cases where the sample will be completely
mound of ion-exchange material (such as a thin edged yard
reconditioned before analysis, the selection of a point in the
stick) gently divide the sample into quarters. An effort should
operating cycle for sampling is not critical. In this case, the
be made to avoid using pressure on the straightedge sufficient
portion of 14.1 and 14.2 relating to conversion of the ion-
to cause damage to particles of ion-exchange material.
exchange material to the regenerated form may be omitted.
10.1.7 Discard alternate quarters.
12.5 The sampling procedure outlined in this practice will
10.1.8 If further reduction of sample size is necessary,
be difficult in locations with restricted head room above the
repeat 10.1.3 through 10.1.7. A minimum 1-litre sample is
ion-exchange unit.
required for complete analysis.
13. Apparatus
11. Sample Labeling
13.1 Sampling Device,asshowninFig.1,Fig.3,Fig.6,and
11.1 Immediately upon placing each sample in its sample
Fig. 7.
container, affix a label, cardboard, or linen tag to the container.
13.2 Containers, sealable, gas-proof, for sample storage.
11.2 Note the following information on the label or tag as
14. Preparation for Sampling
soon as it becomes available. If this information is too
voluminous for inclusion on the label or tag, forward it in a
14.1 For units containing a physical mixture of cation and
separate letter with appropriate cross reference with the iden-
anion-exchange resin, backwash the bed following exhaustion,
tification on the sample container:
regenerate, rinse, and air mix as in normal operating proce-
11.2.1 Name of company manufacturing the material.
dures.
11.2.2 Manufacturer’s product name,
14.2 For all other units, backwash the bed following
11.2.3 Type of material and ionic form, if known,
exhaustion, regenerate, and rinse as in normal operating
11.2.4 Location where material was sampled, including
procedure.
company name and complete address,
14.3 Open access opening on top of ion-exchange equip-
11.2.5 Date and time of sampling,
ment. Drain water, just to the top of the bed. (Warning—If the
11.2.6 Approximate age of ion-exchange material, if
ion-exchange unit has been operating at temperatures above
known,
100°C (212°F) it should be cooled prior to opening to avoid
11.2.7 Number of cycles,
flashing.)
11.2.8 Throughput volume, litres per cubic metre (gallons
per cubic foot), 15. Sampling Procedure
11.2.9 Type of service or application,
15.1 Select a minimum of six points evenly spaced, and if
11.2.10 Reason for sampling, and
possible, on a circle approximately two thirds the diameter of
11.2.11 Signature and title of sampler.
the bed.
15.2 Thrust the sampling rod (Fig. 3) through the ion-
PRACTICE B—SAMPLING FROM FIXED BED ION-
exchange material until the subfill or bed support can be felt.
EXCHANGE EQUIPMENT HAVING UNRESTRICTED
(Warning—Care should be exercised not to damage internal
HEAD ROOM
parts, especially in the case of interfacial distributors in mixed
bed units.)
12. Significance and Use
15.3 With a gentle up and down motion, slip the sampling
12.1 Thepurposeofthispractice,“toobtainarepresentative
tube (Fig. 1) over the top of the sample rod and through the
sample from an ion-exchange unit,” implies further testing will
ion-exchange material to seat on the upper conical stopper
be performed on the sample obtained.
(Fig. 4).
12.2 If information as to the operation of a particular
15.4 Pull up on the rod to withdraw the sample tube.
ion-exchangeunitisdesired,samplingoftheresinattheendof
the regeneration cycle will yield a sample from which more
information can be obtained than from an exhausted sample.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
as the BeadThief (trademark) is from IX Services Company, 29 Pinon St., P.O. Box
Analysis of ion-exchange materials in the regenerated form
326, Bluewater, NM 87005. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide
will permit a determination of the efficiency of regeneration
this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive
under plant conditions, a determination of metallic, organic or
careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical c
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2687 − 95 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Practices for
Sampling Particulate Ion-Exchange Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2687; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope into an ion-exchange unit. A sampling tube is inserted through
2 the probe guide and is connected to a vacuum source. Ion-
1.1 These practices cover procedures for obtaining repre-
exchange material is removed by eduction. A core sampler also
sentative samples of ion-exchange materials. The following
may be used.
practices are included:
Sections
5. Significance and Use
Practice A—Sampling from a Single Package and
Multiple Package Lots or Shipments 4 to 11
5.1 This practice will be used most frequently to sample
Practice B—Sampling from Fixed Bed Ion-Exchange
materials as received from the manufacturer in the original
Equipment Having Unrestricted Head Room 12 to 16
Practice C—Sampling from Fixed Bed Ion-Exchange shipping container and prior to any resin-conditioning proce-
Equipment Having Restricted Head Room 17 to 21
dure. Since certain ion-exchange materials are supplied by the
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
manufacturer in the dry or free-flowing state whereas others are
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
supplied moist, it is necessary to employ two different sam-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
pling devices. Therefore, this practice is divided into Sampling
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Procedure—Dry or Free-Flowing Material (Section 8), and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Sampling Procedure—Moist Material (Section 9).
5.2 Once the sample is obtained, it is necessary to protect
2. Referenced Documents
the ion-exchange materials from changes. Samples should be
2.1 ASTM Standards:
placed in sealable, gasproof containers immediately.
C183 Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of
Hydraulic Cement
6. Apparatus
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
6.1 Sampling Devices, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
3. Terminology
NOTE 1—The sampling devised described in Fig. 2 is the same as that
used in Practice C183.
3.1 Definitions—Certain terms in these practices that relate
to ion exchange are defined in Terminology D1129.
6.2 Sealable, Gasproof Containers, for sample storage.
6.3 Sample Quartering Materials—A 0.5 by 0.5 m (20 by 20
PRACTICE A—SAMPLING FROM A SINGLE
in.) sheet of glazed paper, oil cloth, or flexible plastic film.
PACKAGE AND MULTIPLE PACKAGE LOTS OR
SHIPMENTS
7. Kind and Number of Samples
4. Summary of Practice
7.1 For a representative sample from a single package, a
4.1 A hollow, sample-probe guide that is comprised of minimum of three probes or increments should be taken with
the sampling device.
mating threaded sections and that can be extended to any
convenient length by the addition of more sections, is inserted
7.2 For a representative sample from a multiple package lot
or shipment:
7.2.1 If the markings on the package indicate the material to
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion be sampled is from a single lot (batch or manufacturing run),
Exchange Materials.
the number of packages selected shall be not less than 10 % of
Current edition approved May 15, 2016. Published May 2016. Originally
the packages received. When less than 30 packages are
ɛ1
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2687 – 95 (2007) .
received, a minimum of three packages shall be chosen at
DOI: 10.1520/D2687-95R16.
These practices were developed from activities within ASTM Committee D19.
random for sampling. If a single lot contains more than 30
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
packages and the order of filling is designated on the packages,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
the first, last, and middle packages shall be sampled. If the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. results of the analysis of these three samples agree within the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2687 − 95 (2016)
If the sample obtained is larger than required, reduce the
sample using the quartering techniques given in 10.1.
8.1.8 Seal the sample container and affix label as outlined in
Section 11.
8.1.9 Alternatively, the sampling tube (Fig. 1) may be used
for sampling dry or free-flowing resin. Follow procedure given
in Section 9. Loss of resin from the bottom of the sampler may
FIG. 1 51-mm (2-in.) Inside Diameter Plastic Tube with 2.4-mm
occur and cause bias in the sample.
( ⁄32-in.) Wall Thickness Ion-Exchanger Sampling Tube
8.2 If the ion-exchange material is dry or free-flowing and
the outer package is a bag:
8.2.1 Transfer the contents of the bag to a drum which has
NOTE 1—This device shall be between 1.2 and 1.5 m (4 and 5 ft) long
a diameter less than its height and will hold the entire contents
and about 35 mm (1 ⁄8 in.) in outside diameter. It shall consist of two
of the bag.
polished brass telescopic tubes with registering slots which are opened or
8.2.2 Proceed in accordance with 8.1.
closed by rotation of the inner tube, the outer tube being provided with a
point to facilitate penetration
NOTE 4—The sampling device (Fig. 2) can allow resin entering the
FIG. 2 Slotted Tube Sample for Ion-Exchange Resins
upper openings to fall into the bottom portion of the device, thereby
biasing the sample.
limits of precision of the test methods used, further samples
9. Sampling Procedure—Moist Material
from the lot need not be taken. If they are not in agreement,
9.1 If the ion-exchange material is moist and contained in a
additional samples may be taken at the option of the parties
drum:
concerned. When the entire shipment oran entire lot consists of
9.1.1 Upend the drum and allow to stand 16 h (overnight) to
three packages or less, a sample shall be taken from each
redistribute any excess water that may be present.
package. The number of samples taken with the sampling
9.1.2 Right drum, rock it slightly from several sides for
device should not be less than three per individual package.
uniform packing and open.
7.2.2 If the shipment consists of more than one lot (batch or
9.1.3 The points chosen for probing on the surface should
manufacturing run) of material, sample each lot separately as
lie on a circle approximately two thirds of the diameter of the
in 7.2.1. For a representative sample of the entire shipment, the
drum.
number of packages sampled per lot should be in the same ratio
9.1.4 Rapidly thrust the sampling tube (Fig. 1) to the bottom
as the number of packages of that lot in the entire shipment.
of the drum.
For example, if the shipment consists of 40 drums of lot x and
60 drums of lot y, sample four drums of lot x and six drums of 9.1.5 Withdraw the sampling device.
lot y. 9.1.6 Empty the contents into the sample container.
9.1.7 Repeat 9.1.4 through 9.1.6 until sufficient sample is
8. Sampling Procedure—Dry or Free-Flowing Material
obtained. A minimum of three probes or increments is required.
If the sample obtained is larger than required, reduce the
8.1 If the ion-exchange material is dry or free-flowing and
sample using the quartering technique given in 10.1.
contained in a drum:
8.1.1 Rock the drum slightly from several sides for uniform 9.1.8 Seal the sample container and affix label as outlined in
Section 11.
packing and open.
8.1.2 The points chosen for probing on the surface should
9.2 If the ion-exchange material is moist and the outer
lie on a circle approximately two thirds the diameter of the
package is a bag:
drum and uniformly spaced.
9.2.1 Transfer the contents of the bag to a drum that has a
8.1.3 Rotate the inner tube of the sampling device (Fig. 2) to
diameter less than its height and will hold the entire contents of
the closed position, and thrust the sampling device to the
the bag.
bottom of the drum.
9.2.2 Proceed in accordance with 9.1.
8.1.4 Rotate the inner tube to the open position and collect
the sample by moving the top of the sampling device in a circle
10. Quartering Procedure
(about 75 to 150 mm (3 to 6 in.) in diameter) several times with
the open sections forward. 10.1 Using a sheet of glazed paper, oil cloth, or flexible
plastic film:
8.1.5 Rotate the inner tube to the closed position and
remove the sampling device from the drum.
10.1.1 Empty the sample container into the center of the
sheet.
NOTE 2—The sharp point of the sampling device may pierce the drum
10.1.2 Flatten out the sample gently with the palm of the
liner. Have the point rounded slightly (by grinding, filing, etc.).
NOTE 3—Corrosion may occur after only a few months on this type of hand until the ion-exchange material is approximately 25 mm
sampling device and will render it unsuitable for resin sampling.
(1 in.) thick.
8.1.6 Empty the contents into the sample container. 10.1.3 Remix the sample by lifting a corner of the sheet and
8.1.7 Repeat 8.1.3 through 8.1.6 until sufficient sample is drawing it across, low down, to the opposite corner in a manner
obtained. A minimum of three probes or increments is required. that the material is made to roll over and over and does not
D2687 − 95 (2016)
merely slide along. Continue operation with each corner, regeneration, and particularly in the case of mixed bed systems,
proceeding in a clockwise direction. Repeat this operation will detect such problems as insufficient mixing and backwash-
three times. ing.
10.1.4 Lift all four corners of the sheet towards the center
12.3 This practice will not retrieve ion-exchange material
and holding all four corners together, raise the entire sheet into
from the bottom 50 mm (2 in.) of a unit without subfill
the air to form a pocket for the ion-exchange material.
(supporting bed).
10.1.5 Repeat 10.1.2.
12.4 In this practice, the sample is taken in the regenerated
10.1.6 With a straightedge at least as long as the flattened
form. However, in cases where the sample will be completely
mound of ion-exchange material (such as a thin edged yard
reconditioned before analysis, the selection of a point in the
stick) gently divide the sample into quarters. An effort should
operating cycle for sampling is not critical. In this case, the
be made to avoid using pressure on the straightedge sufficient
portion of 14.1 and 14.2 relating to conversion of the ion-
to cause damage to particles of ion-exchange material.
exchange material to the regenerated form may be omitted.
10.1.7 Discard alternate quarters.
12.5 The sampling procedure outlined in this practice will
10.1.8 If further reduction of sample size is necessary,
be difficult in locations with restricted head room above the
repeat 10.1.3 through 10.1.7. A minimum 1-litre sample is
ion-exchange unit.
required for complete analysis.
13. Apparatus
11. Sample Labeling
13.1 Sampling Device, as shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 6, and
11.1 Immediately upon placing each sample in its sample
Fig. 7.
container, affix a label, cardboard, or linen tag to the container.
13.2 Containers, sealable, gas-proof, for sample storage.
11.2 Note the following information on the label or tag as
14. Preparation for Sampling
soon as it becomes available. If this information is too
voluminous for inclusion on the label or tag, forward it in a
14.1 For units containing a physical mixture of cation and
separate letter with appropriate cross reference with the iden-
anion-exchange resin, backwash the bed following exhaustion,
tification on the sample container:
regenerate, rinse, and air mix as in normal operating proce-
11.2.1 Name of company manufacturing the material.
dures.
11.2.2 Manufacturer’s product name,
14.2 For all other units, backwash the bed following
11.2.3 Type of material and ionic form, if known,
exhaustion, regenerate, and rinse as in normal operating
11.2.4 Location where material was sampled, including
procedure.
company name and complete address,
14.3 Open access opening on top of ion-exchange equip-
11.2.5 Date and time of sampling,
ment. Drain water, just to the top of the bed. (Warning—If the
11.2.6 Approximate age of ion-exchange material, if
ion-exchange unit has been operating at temperatures above
known,
100°C (212°F) it should be cooled prior to opening to avoid
11.2.7 Number of cycles,
flashing.)
11.2.8 Throughput volume, litres per cubic metre (gallons
per cubic foot),
15. Sampling Procedure
11.2.9 Type of service or application,
15.1 Select a minimum of six points evenly spaced, and if
11.2.10 Reason for sampling, and
possible, on a circle approximately two thirds the diameter of
11.2.11 Signature and title of sampler.
the bed.
15.2 Thrust the sampling rod (Fig. 3) through the ion-
PRACTICE B—SAMPLING FROM FIXED BED ION-
exchange material until the subfill or bed support can be felt.
EXCHANGE EQUIPMENT HAVING UNRESTRICTED
(Warning—Care should be exercised not to damage internal
HEAD ROOM
parts, especially in the case of interfacial distributors in mixed
bed units.)
12. Significance and Use
15.3 With a gentle up and down motion, slip the sampling
12.1 The purpose of this practice, “to obtain a representative
tube (Fig. 1) over the top of the sample rod and through the
sample from an ion-exchange unit,” implies further testing will
ion-exchange material to seat on the upper conical stopper
be performed on the sample obtained.
(Fig. 4).
12.2 If information as to the operation of a particular
15.4 Pull up on the rod to withdraw the sample tube.
ion-exchange unit is desired, sampling of the resin at the end of
the regeneration cycle will yield a sample from which more
information can be obtained than from an exhausted sample.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
as the Bead Thief (trademark) is from IX Services Company, 29 Pinon St., P.O. Box
Analysis of ion-exchange materials in the regenerated form
326, Bluewater, NM 87005. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide
will permit a determination of the efficiency of regeneration
this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive
under plant conditions, a determination of metallic, organic or 1
careful consideration at a meeting of the resp
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D2687 − 95 (Reapproved 2007) D2687 − 95 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Practices for
Sampling Particulate Ion-Exchange Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2687; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Warning notes were moved into the standard text editorially in January 2008.
1. Scope
1.1 These practices cover procedures for obtaining representative samples of ion-exchange materials. The following practices
are included:
Sections
Practice A—Sampling from a Single Package and
Multiple Package Lots or Shipments 4 to 11
Practice B—Sampling from Fixed Bed Ion-Exchange
Equipment Having Unrestricted Head Room 12 to 16
Practice C—Sampling from Fixed Bed Ion-Exchange
Equipment Having Restricted Head Room 17 to 21
Sections
Practice A—Sampling from a Single Package and
Multiple Package Lots or Shipments 4 to 11
Practice B—Sampling from Fixed Bed Ion-Exchange
Equipment Having Unrestricted Head Room 12 to 16
Practice C—Sampling from Fixed Bed Ion-Exchange
Equipment Having Restricted Head Room 17 to 21
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C183 Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of Hydraulic Cement
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Certain terms in these practices that relate to ion exchange are defined in Terminology D1129.
PRACTICE A—SAMPLING FROM A SINGLE PACKAGE AND MULTIPLE PACKAGE LOTS OR SHIPMENTS
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 A hollow, sample-probe guide that is comprised of mating threaded sections and that can be extended to any convenient
length by the addition of more sections, is inserted into an ion-exchange unit. A sampling tube is inserted through the probe guide
and is connected to a vacuum source. Ion-exchange material is removed by eduction. A core sampler also may be used.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This practice will be used most frequently to sample materials as received from the manufacturer in the original shipping
container and prior to any resin-conditioning procedure. Since certain ion-exchange materials are supplied by the manufacturer in
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion Exchange
Materials.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007May 15, 2016. Published January 2008May 2016. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 20012007 as
ɛ1
D2687 – 95 (2001).(2007) . DOI: 10.1520/D2687-95R07E01.10.1520/D2687-95R16.
These practices were developed from activities within ASTM Committee D19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2687 − 95 (2016)
the dry or free-flowing state whereas others are supplied moist, it is necessary to employ two different sampling devices. Therefore,
this practice is divided into Sampling Procedure—Dry or Free-Flowing Material (Section 8), and Sampling Procedure—Moist
Material (Section 9).
5.2 Once the sample is obtained, it is necessary to protect the ion-exchange materials from changes. Samples should be placed
in sealable, gasproof containers immediately.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Sampling Devices, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
NOTE 1—The sampling devised described in Fig. 2 is the same as that used in Practice C183.
6.2 Sealable, Gasproof Containers , Containers, for sample storage.
6.3 Sample Quartering Materials —Materials—A 0.5 by 0.5 m (20 by 20 in.) sheet of glazed paper, oil cloth, or flexible plastic
film.
7. Kind and Number of Samples
7.1 For a representative sample from a single package, a minimum of three probes or increments should be taken with the
sampling device.
7.2 For a representative sample from a multiple package lot or shipment:
7.2.1 If the markings on the package indicate the material to be sampled is from a single lot (batch or manufacturing run), the
number of packages selected shall be not less than 10 % of the packages received. When less than 30 packages are received, a
minimum of three packages shall be chosen at random for sampling. If a single lot contains more than 30 packages and the order
of filling is designated on the packages, the first, last, and middle packages shall be sampled. If the results of the analysis of these
three samples agree within the limits of precision of the test methods used, further samples from the lot need not be taken. If they
are not in agreement, additional samples may be taken at the option of the parties concerned. When the entire shipment oran entire
lot consists of three packages or less, a sample shall be taken from each package. The number of samples taken with the sampling
device should not be less than three per individual package.
7.2.2 If the shipment consists of more than one lot (batch or manufacturing run) of material, sample each lot separately as in
7.2.1. For a representative sample of the entire shipment, the number of packages sampled per lot should be in the same ratio as
the number of packages of that lot in the entire shipment. For example, if the shipment consists of 40 drums of lot x and 60 drums
of lot y, sample four drums of lot x and six drums of lot y.
8. Sampling Procedure—Dry or Free-Flowing Material
8.1 If the ion-exchange material is dry or free-flowing and contained in a drum:
8.1.1 Rock the drum slightly from several sides for uniform packing and open.
8.1.2 The points chosen for probing on the surface should lie on a circle approximately two thirds the diameter of the drum and
uniformly spaced.
8.1.3 Rotate the inner tube of the sampling device (Fig. 2) to the closed position, and thrust the sampling device to the bottom
of the drum.
8.1.4 Rotate the inner tube to the open position and collect the sample by moving the top of the sampling device in a circle
(about 75 to 150 mm (3 to 6 in.) in diameter) several times with the open sections forward.
8.1.5 Rotate the inner tube to the closed position and remove the sampling device from the drum.
NOTE 2—The sharp point of the sampling device may pierce the drum liner. Have the point rounded slightly (by grinding, filing, etc.).
NOTE 3—Corrosion may occur after only a few months on this type of sampling device and will render it unsuitable for resin sampling.
8.1.6 Empty the contents into the sample container.
8.1.7 Repeat 8.1.3 through 8.1.6 until sufficient sample is obtained. A minimum of three probes or increments is required. If the
sample obtained is larger than required, reduce the sample using the quartering techniques given in 10.1.
8.1.8 Seal the sample container and affix label as outlined in Section 11.
FIG. 1 51-mm (2-in.) Inside Diameter Plastic Tube with 2.4-mm ( ⁄32-in.) Wall Thickness Ion-Exchanger Sampling Tube
D2687 − 95 (2016)
NOTE 1—This device shall be between 1.2 and 1.5 m (4 and 5 ft) long and about 35 mm (1 ⁄8 in.) in outside diameter. It shall consist of two polished
brass telescopic tubes with registering slots which are opened or closed by rotation of the inner tube, the outer tube being provided with a point to facilitate
penetration
FIG. 2 Slotted Tube Sample for Ion-Exchange Resins
8.1.9 Alternatively, the sampling tube (Fig. 1) may be used for sampling dry or free-flowing resin. Follow procedure given in
Section 9. Loss of resin from the bottom of the sampler may occur and cause bias in the sample.
8.2 If the ion-exchange material is dry or free-flowing and the outer package is a bag:
8.2.1 Transfer the contents of the bag to a drum which has a diameter less than its height and will hold the entire contents of
the bag.
8.2.2 Proceed in accordance with 8.1.
NOTE 4—The sampling device (Fig. 2) can allow resin entering the upper openings to fall into the bottom portion of the device, thereby biasing the
sample.
9. Sampling Procedure—Moist Material
9.1 If the ion-exchange material is moist and contained in a drum:
9.1.1 Upend the drum and allow to stand 16 h (overnight) to redistribute any excess water that may be present.
9.1.2 Right drum, rock it slightly from several sides for uniform packing and open.
9.1.3 The points chosen for probing on the surface should lie on a circle approximately two thirds of the diameter of the drum.
9.1.4 Rapidly thrust the sampling tube (Fig. 1) to the bottom of the drum.
9.1.5 Withdraw the sampling device.
9.1.6 Empty the contents into the sample container.
9.1.7 Repeat 9.1.4 through 9.1.6 until sufficient sample is obtained. A minimum of three probes or increments is required. If the
sample obtained is larger than required, reduce the sample using the quartering technique given in 10.1.
9.1.8 Seal the sample container and affix label as outlined in Section 11.
9.2 If the ion-exchange material is moist and the outer package is a bag:
9.2.1 Transfer the contents of the bag to a drum that has a diameter less than its height and will hold the entire contents of the
bag.
9.2.2 Proceed in accordance with 9.1.
10. Quartering Procedure
10.1 Using a sheet of glazed paper, oil cloth, or flexible plastic film:
10.1.1 Empty the sample container into the center of the sheet.
10.1.2 Flatten out the sample gently with the palm of the hand until the ion-exchange material is approximately 25 mm (1 in.)
thick.
10.1.3 Remix the sample by lifting a corner of the sheet and drawing it across, low down, to the opposite corner in a manner
that the material is made to roll over and over and does not merely slide along. Continue operation with each corner, proceeding
in a clockwise direction. Repeat this operation three times.
10.1.4 Lift all four corners of the sheet towards the center and holding all four corners together, raise the entire sheet into the
air to form a pocket for the ion-exchange material.
10.1.5 Repeat 10.1.2.
10.1.6 With a straightedge at least as long as the flattened mound of ion-exchange material (such as a thin edged yard stick)
gently divide the sample into quarters. An effort should be made to avoid using pressure on the straightedge sufficient to cause
damage to particles of ion-exchange material.
10.1.7 Discard alternate quarters.
10.1.8 If further reduction of sample size is necessary, repeat 10.1.3 through 10.1.7. A minimum 1-litre sample is required for
complete analysis.
11. Sample Labeling
11.1 Immediately upon placing each sample in its sample container, affix a label, cardboard, or linen tag to the container.
11.2 Note the following information on the label or tag as soon as it becomes available. If this information is too voluminous
for inclusion on the label or tag, forward it in a separate letter with appropriate cross reference with the identification on the sample
container:
11.2.1 Name of company manufacturing the material.
11.2.2 Manufacturer’s product name,
11.2.3 Type of material and ionic form, if known,
D2687 − 95 (2016)
11.2.4 Location where material was sampled, including company name and complete address,
11.2.5 Date and time of sampling,
11.2.6 Approximate age of ion-exchange material, if known,
11.2.7 Number of cycles,
11.2.8 Throughput volume, litres per cubic metre (gallons per cubic foot),
11.2.9 Type of service or application,
11.2.10 Reason for sampling, and
11.2.11 Signature and title of sampler.
FIG. 3 Sampling Rod
D2687 − 95 (2016)
FIG. 4 Sampling Apparatus
FIG. 5 Hollow Sample Probe Guide
D2687 − 95 (2016)
PRACTICE B—SAMPLING FROM FIXED BED ION-EXCHANGE EQUIPMENT HAVING UNRESTRICTED
HEAD ROOM
12. Significance and Use
12.1 The purpose of this practice, “to obtain a representative sample from an ion-exchange unit,” implies further testing will
be performed on the sample obtained.
12.2 If information as to the operation of a particular ion-exchange unit is desired, sampling of the resin at the end of the
regeneration cycle will yield a sample from which more information can be obtained than from an exhausted sample. Analysis of
ion-exchange materials in the regenerated form will permit a determination of the efficiency of regeneration under plant conditions,
a determination of metallic, organic or siliceous residues which are not removed in normal plant regeneration, and particularly in
the case of mixed bed systems, will detect such problems as insufficient mixing and backwashing.
12.3 This practice will not retrieve ion-exchange material from the bottom 50 mm (2 in.) of a unit without subfill (supporting
bed).
12.4 In this practice, the sample is taken in the regenerated form. However, in cases where the sample will be completely
reconditioned before analysis, the selection of a point in the operating cycle for sampling is not critical. In this case, the portion
of 14.1 and 14.2 relating to conversion of the ion-exchange material to the regenerated form may be omitted.
12.5 The sampling procedure outlined in this practice will be difficult in locations with restricted head room above the
ion-exchange unit.
13. Apparatus
13.1 Sampling Device, as shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 6, and Fig. 7.
13.2 Containers, sealable, gas-proof, for sample storage.
14. Preparation for Sampling
14.1 For units containing a physical mixture of cation and anion-exchange resin, backwash the bed following exhaustion,
regenerate, rinse, and air mix as in normal operating procedures.
14.2 For all other units, backwash the bed following exhaustion, regenerate, and rinse as in normal operating procedure.
14.3 Open access opening on top of ion-exchange equipment. Drain water, just to the top of the bed. (Warning—If the
ion-exchange unit has been operating at temperatures a
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