ASTM C170/C170M-14a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Dimension Stone
Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Dimension Stone
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in compressive strength between the various dimension stones. This test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the sampling, preparation of specimens, and determination of the compressive strength of dimension stone.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C170/C170M − 14a
StandardTest Method for
Compressive Strength of Dimension Stone
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C170/C170M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the sampling, preparation of 4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in
specimens, and determination of the compressive strength of compressive strength between the various dimension stones.
dimension stone. This test method also provides one element in comparing
stones of the same type.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
5. Apparatus
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
5.1 The testing machine used shall conform to the require-
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
ments of Test Method C39, Section 5, including the calibration
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
requirements of Practices E4.
with the standard.
5.2 The testing machine used shall be capable of applying
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the the required load at a uniform rate as prescribed in Section 9
and applying load in a steady manner as to avoid sudden or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- rapid load changes.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.3 The spherical bearing block of the testing machine shall
be suspended from the upper head so that the contact plate
2. Referenced Documents
remains in a central position (spherical surfaces in full contact)
2.1 ASTM Standards:
when not loaded. The spherical surfaces shall be well
C39 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical
lubricated, and the center of curvature shall be aligned within
Concrete Specimens
the surface of contact with the specimen.
C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension Stone
5.4 Fig.1illustratesthecorrectalignmentofaspecimenand
D4543 PracticesforPreparingRockCoreasCylindricalTest
the typical components of a testing machine conforming to
Specimens and Verifying Conformance to Dimensional
these requirements.
and Shape Tolerances
D7012 Test Methods for Compressive Strength and Elastic
6. Sampling
Moduli of Intact Rock Core Specimens under Varying
6.1 The sample shall be selected to represent a true average
States of Stress and Temperatures
of the type or grade of stone under consideration and shall be
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
of the quality supplied to the market in finished form under the
type designation to be tested. The sample may be selected by
3. Terminology
the purchaser or his authorized representative from quarried
3.1 Definitions—All definitions are in accordance with Ter-
stone or taken from the natural ledge and shall be of adequate
minology C119.
size to permit the preparation of the desired number of test
specimens. When perceptible variations occur, the purchaser
1 may select as many samples as are necessary for determining
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 on
Dimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on Test
the variation in compressive strength.
Methods.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2014. Published November 2014. Originally
7. Test Specimens
approved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C170/C170M–14.
DOI: 10.1520/C0170_C0170M-14A.
7.1 The test specimens may be cubes or right cylinders and
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
shall be cut from the sample with saws or core drills. The
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
diameter or lateral dimension (distance between opposite
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. vertical surfaces) shall be not less than 2 in. [50 mm]
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C170/C170M − 14a
7.6 The load-bearing surfaces and the direction of rift shall
be marked on each specimen.
7.7 Use of capping materials or end surfacing treatments
other than grinding shall not be permitted.
8. Conditioning
8.1 Before testing the specimens in a dry condition, dry
them for 48 h at 140 6 4°F [60 6 2°C].At the 46th, 47th, and
48th h, weigh the specimens to ensure that the weight is the
same. If the weight continues to drop, continue to dry the
specimens until there are 3 successive hourly readings with the
same weight. After removing the specimens from the oven,
cool them to room temperature in a desiccator before testing
them.
FIG. 1 Diagram of a Specimen Properly Aligned within a Testing
8.2 Before testing the specimens in a wet condition, im-
Apparatus Suitable for Compressive Strength Testing
merse them in water for 48 h at 72 6 4°F [22 6 2°C]. Test
them immediately upon removal from the bath, wiping the
dimensional to accommodate variations in the grain size or
specimens free of surface water.
composition of the sample (Explanatory Note 1).
9. Procedure
7.2 The ratio of height (the distance between the surfaces in
9.1 The load-bearing area of each specimen shall be calcu-
contact with the testing apparatus) to the diameter or lateral
lated from measurements taken midway between the surfaces
dimension shall be between 0.9:1.0 and 1.1:1.0 (Explanatory
in contact with the testing apparatus and calculated to the
Note 2).
2 2
nearest 0.1 in. [60 mm ]. An alternate approach for determin-
7.3 The sides of the specimen shall be smooth and straight
ing the load-bearing area is to calculate the areas of the top and
towithin0.02in.[0.5mm]overthefullheightofthespecimen.
2 2
bottom bearing surfaces to the nearest 0.1 in. [60 mm ] and
7.4 The two surfaces in contact with the testing apparatus
average these values.
shall have a fine abrasive finish, and the other surfaces shall
9.2 Center the specimens in the testing machine and apply
have a fine sawn finish (Explanatory Note 5). The surfaces in
an initial seating load that will hold the specimen in place but
contact with the testing apparatus shall be ground or lapped to
still permit hand adjustment of the contact plate on the
a flatness tolerance of plus or minus 0.005 in. [0.1 mm], and
specimen. Rotate the contact plate back and forth through an
shall not depart from perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of
angle of approximately 30 deg. to properly seat the spherical
the specimen by more than 0.25 deg.
block,butdonotmovethespecimenoutofthecentralposition.
7.5 At least five specimens shall be prepared for each test
9.3 Apply load at a uniform rate not exceeding 100 psi/s
condition. Final test conditions are determined by the project
[0.5 MPa/s].
conditions and specified with the testing request. Typically,
9.4 Apply the load until specimen failure. Failure of the
testing includes wet and dry conditions both perpendicular and
specimen is defined as the inability of the specimen to resist
parallel to
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C170/C170M − 14 C170/C170M − 14a
Standard Test Method for
Compressive Strength of Dimension Stone
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C170/C170M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the sampling, preparation of specimens, and determination of the compressive strength of
dimension stone.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C39 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension Stone
D4543 Practices for Preparing Rock Core as Cylindrical Test Specimens and Verifying Conformance to Dimensional and Shape
Tolerances
D7012 Test Methods for Compressive Strength and Elastic Moduli of Intact Rock Core Specimens under Varying States of
Stress and Temperatures
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—All definitions are in accordance with Terminology C119.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in compressive strength between the various dimension stones. This
test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.
5. Apparatus
5.1 The testing machine used shall conform to the requirements of Test Method C39, Section 5, including the calibration
requirements of Practices E4.
5.2 The testing machine used shall be capable of applying the required load at a uniform rate as prescribed in Section 9 and
applying load in a steady manner as to avoid sudden or rapid load changes.
5.3 The spherical bearing block of the testing machine shall be suspended from the upper head so that the contact plate remains
in a central position (spherical surfaces in full contact) when not loaded. The spherical surfaces shall be well lubricated, and the
center of curvature shall be aligned within the surface of contact with the specimen.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 on Dimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on Test Methods.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014Oct. 15, 2014. Published June 2014November 2014. Originally approved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 20092014 as
C170/C170M–09.–14. DOI: 10.1520/C0170_C0170M-14.10.1520/C0170_C0170M-14A.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C170/C170M − 14a
5.4 Fig. 1 illustrates the correct alignment of a specimen and the typical components of a testing machine conforming to these
requirements.
6. Sampling
6.1 The sample shall be selected to represent a true average of the type or grade of stone under consideration and shall be of
the quality supplied to the market in finished form under the type designation to be tested. The sample may be selected by the
purchaser or his authorized representative from quarried stone or taken from the natural ledge and shall be of adequate size to
permit the preparation of the desired number of test specimens. When perceptible variations occur, the purchaser may select as
many samples as are necessary for determining the variation in compressive strength.
7. Test Specimens
7.1 The test specimens may be cubes or right cylinders and shall be cut from the sample with saws or core drills. The diameter
or lateral dimension (distance between opposite vertical surfaces) shall be not less than 2 in. [50 mm] dimensional to accommodate
variations in the grain size or composition of the sample (Explanatory Note 1).
7.2 The ratio of height (the distance between the surfaces in contact with the testing apparatus) to the diameter or lateral
dimension shall be between 0.9:1.0 and 1.1:1.0 (Explanatory Note 2).
7.3 The sides of the specimen shall be smooth and straight to within 0.02 in. [0.5 mm] over the full height of the specimen.
7.4 The two surfaces in contact with the testing apparatus shall have a fine abrasive finish, and the other surfaces shall have a
fine sawn finish (Explanatory Note 5). The surfaces in contact with the testing apparatus shall be ground or lapped to a flatness
tolerance of plus or minus 0.005 in. [0.1 mm], and shall not depart from perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the specimen
by more than 0.25 deg.
7.5 The test specimens may be cubes or cylinders and shall be cut from the sample with saws or core drills. The diameter or
lateral dimension (distance between opposite vertical faces) shall be not less than 2 in. [50 mm] (Explanatory Note 1), and the ratio
of height (Explanatory Note 2) to diameter or lateral dimension shall be 1:1. At least five specimens shall be prepared for each
condition of the test; that is, when the compressive strength is desired for the test condition. Final test conditions are determined
by the project conditions and specified with the testing request. Typically, testing includes wet and dry conditions but in only one
direction, such as perpendicular to the bed (or rift) (seeboth perpendicular and parallel to the stone rift (plane of Fig. 2(easiesta)),
ten specimens will be required. For wet splitting, typically consistent with the bedding plane orientation), requiring a minimum
of 20 specimens. Fig. 2a and Fig. 2dry strength tests both perpendicular and parallel to the bed (or rift) (seeb illustrate the proper
placement of test specimens within a testing apparatus for Fig. 2(thea) and ( two mostb)), twenty specimens are required
(Explanatory common rift orientations. Note 3). The load-bearing facessurfaces shall be finished by grinding to as nearly true and
parallel planes (Explanatory Note 45) as practicable.
7.6 The load-bearing surfaces and the direction of bedding (or rift) rift shall be marked on each specimen after
finishing.specimen.
7.7 The load-bearing areas of the specimen shall be calculated from measurements taken midway between the load-bearing
surfaces. The dimensions of the specimens shall be measured to the nearest 0.02 in. (0.5 mm) and the load-bearing areas calculated
2 2
to the nearest 0.04 in.Use of capping materials or end surfacing treatments other than grinding shall not be permitted. [0.10 mm ].
8. Conditioning
8.1 Before testing the specimens in a dry condition, dry them for 48 h at 140 6 4°F [60 6 2°C]. At the 46th, 47th, and 48th
h, weigh the specimens to ensure that the weight is the same. If the weight continues to drop, continue to dry the specimens until
FIG. 1 Diagram of a Specimen Properly Aligned within a Testing Apparatus Suitable for Compressive Strength Testing
C170/C170M − 14a
(a) Loading Perpendicular to Bedding Plane or Rift (b) Loading Parallel to Bedding Plane or Rift
NOTE 1—Dashed lines indicate direction of bedding or rift. Arrows indicate direction of loading.
FIG. 2 Methods of Applying Load with Reference to Bedding Orientation of Specimen in a Testing Apparatus with Respect to Bedding
Plane or Rift
there are 3 successive hourly readings with the same weight. After removing the specimens from the oven, cool them to room
temperature in a desiccator before testing them.
8.2 Before testing the specimens in a wet condition, immerse them in water for 48 h at 72 6 4°F [22 6 2°C]. Test th
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