ASTM C1283-15(2021)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Installing Clay Flue Lining
Standard Practice for Installing Clay Flue Lining
ABSTRACT
This practice covers the minimum requirements for installing clay flue lining for residential concrete or masonry chimneys. Footings shall be constructed of concrete or solid masonry and the foundation shall be placed with respect to adjacent structures to minimize the possibility of damage. Both the concrete footings and foundations shall conform to local building codes. Flue liners shall be installed using refractory mortar in such a manner as to minimize ledges or steps within the flue passageway and shall be surrounded by masonry on all sides with a separation not exceeding the flue liner wall thickness. Materials used for chimney construction shall comprise of the following: flue linings, refractory mortar, concrete block, brick, mortar, firebrick, and natural stone. Chimney connection shall be made by either a metal or clay thimble while the chimney caps shall be made of precast or cast-in-place concrete, metal, or stone caps. Combustible materials shall be permitted to abut the masonry chimney sidewalls; wherein, the minimum air space clearance between the interior or exterior masonry chimneys and the combustible materials shall be met.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the minimum requirements for installing clay flue lining for residential concrete or masonry chimneys.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1283 − 15 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Practice for
Installing Clay Flue Lining
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1283; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C199 Test Method for Pier Test for Refractory Mortars
C216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units
1.1 This practice covers the minimum requirements for
Made from Clay or Shale)
installing clay flue lining for residential concrete or masonry
C270 Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry
chimneys.
C315 Specification for Clay Flue Liners and Chimney Pots
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
C652 Specification for Hollow Brick (Hollow Masonry
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Units Made From Clay or Shale)
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
C896 Terminology Relating to Clay Products
and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 General—Terminology C896 should be used for clari-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
fication of definitions in this practice.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.1 chimney connector—tubular unit or pipe used to
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
convey products of combustion from a heating or cooking
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
appliance to the chimney.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.2 flue—passageway within a chimney through which
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
products of combustion are conveyed.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.3 flue liner—manufactured tubular nonloadbearing fired
clay unit, normally used for conveying hot gases in chimneys.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.4 masonry chimney—vertical structure constructed of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
brick, concrete, concrete masonry units, or stone, which
C24 Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of
contains one or more flues, and conveys products of combus-
Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Materials
tion from a heat source or cooking appliance.
C27 Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory
Brick
3.2.5 smoke chamber—section of a fireplace above the
C55 Specification for Concrete Building Brick
throat and below the flue, which is an area of transition from
C90 Specification for Loadbearing Concrete Masonry Units
the shape of the throat to the shape of the flue.
C99/C99M Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Dimen-
3.2.6 thimble—manufactured tubular nonloadbearing fired
sion Stone
clay unit normally used to connect the chimney connector from
C129 Specification for Nonloadbearing Concrete Masonry
an appliance through the wall of the chimney to the flue.
Units
C170/C170M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
4. Footings and Foundations
Dimension Stone
4.1 Footings for masonry chimneys shall be constructed of
concrete or solid masonry at least 12 in. (305 mm) thick, and
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on Vitrified
it shall extend at least 6 in. (150 mm) beyond the face of the
Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 on Methods of
Test and Specifications.
foundation or support wall on all sides. Footings shall be
Current edition approved April 1, 2021. Published April 2021. Originally
founded below frost depth on natural undisturbed earth or
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C1283 – 15. DOI:
engineeredfill.Inareasnotsubjectedtofreezing,footingsshall
10.1520/C1283-15R21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or be founded at least 12 in. (305 mm) below finished grade.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.2 The foundation shall be placed, with respect to adjacent
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. structures existing or anticipated, to minimize the possibility of
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1283 − 15 (2021)
damage by construction operations or by transmission of 5.7 The flue lining shall extend the entire height of the
additional loads to the supporting soils. chimney. The lining shall be carried up as vertically as
possible. When offsets are necessary, their slopes shall be no
4.3 Concrete footings and foundations shall conform to
flatter than 30° from vertical.
local building codes.
4.3.1 In the absence of a local building code, concrete with 5.8 When more than one flue is contained in a chimney, a
a minimum 28 day compressive strength of 3000 psi (21 MPa) separation shall be provided between adjacent flues. The
shall be used. separation shall be solid masonry wythes (partitions) not less
than 4 in. (100 mm) nominal thickness and bonded into the
4.4 Where a chimney or fireplace is added to the outside of
chimney walls.
the exterior wall of an existing structure, the following shall
apply: 5.9 Adjustments to the liner size or shape shall be made
4.4.1 The new footing shall be installed at the same level or with a masonry saw.
below the existing footing, provided the level is below the frost 5.9.1 When fabricating custom size flue liners, the aspect
lineandthenewfootingisplacedonsoilwithadequatebearing ratio shall not exceed 2:1 and the vertical joint shall be sealed
capability. with refractory mortar as required in 5.4.
4.4.2 The existing drainage provision shall not be ob-
5.10 Openings in the flue liner for chimney connectors shall
structed.
be manufactured or machine cut.
5.11 Chimneywallsshallbeconstructedofconcreteorsolid
5. Chimney Construction
masonry units at least 4 in. (100 mm) nominal thickness.
5.1 Materials:
5.11.1 Products for chimney wall masonry construction are
5.1.1 Flue Linings—Specification C315.
those(concrete,concretemasonryunits,brickorstone)thatare
5.1.2 Refractory Mortar—Test Method C24 (cone 10) and
at least 75 % solid or grouted solid and which meet the
Test Method C199 (medium duty and water insoluble).
requirements of Specification C55, Specification C90, Speci-
5.1.3 Concrete Block—Specification C90 or Specification
fication C216 Grade SW, or Specification C652.
C129.
5.11.2 Cast in place concrete chimneys must be designed by
5.1.4 Brick—Specification C55 or Specification C216,
an engineer.
Grade SW.
5.12 The chimney shall be adequately anchored to the
5.1.5 Mortar—Specification C270.
building to provide stability against wind and seismic loads. In
5.1.6 Firebrick—Classification C27.
seismic design categories, building codes may require addi-
5.1.7 Natural Stone—Test Method C170/C170M or Test
tional anchoring or reinforcem
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