iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM A677-16(2023)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully Processed Types

Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully Processed Types

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard requirements for flat-rolled nonoriented fully processed electrical steel intended primarily for commercial power frequency applications in magnetic devices. These electrical steels are low-carbon, silicon iron, or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys that may be made by basic-oxygen, electric-furnace, or other steelmaking practice. Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics are developed during mill processing, so additional heat treatment is usually not required. The grades contained in this specification have thicknesses of 0.014 in. (0. 36 mm), 0.0185 in. (0.47 mm) and 0.0250 in. (0.64 mm). For a given thickness there are from 7 to 9 types based on the maximum value of core loss measured at 60 Hz and 15 kG (1.5 T) using the Epstein test method. Test methods to determine the required magnetic and mechanical properties are specified. Other typical magnetic and physical properties are listed for reference.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which flat-rolled nonoriented fully processed electrical steel shall conform.  
1.2 This steel is produced to specified maximum core-loss values and is intended primarily for commercial power frequency (50 Hz and 60 Hz) applications in magnetic devices. Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics are developed during mill processing, so additional heat treatment by the user is usually not necessary.  
1.3 These nonoriented fully processed electrical steels are low-carbon, silicon-iron, or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys containing up to about 3.5 % silicon and a small amount of aluminum.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Nov-2023
ICS
77.140.50 - Flat steel products and semi-products
Technical Committee
A06 - Magnetic Properties
Drafting Committee
A06.02 - Material Specifications
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A677-16 - Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully Processed Types
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023
Referred By
ASTM A1086-20 - Standard Specification for Thin-Gauge Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully Processed Types
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023
Referred By
ASTM A867-19 - Standard Specification for Iron-Silicon Relay Steels
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023
Referred By
ASTM A1036-04(2020) - Standard Guide for Measuring Power Frequency Magnetic Properties of Flat-Rolled Electrical Steels Using Small Single Sheet Testers
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023
Referred By
ASTM A804/A804M-04(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Materials at Power Frequencies Using Sheet-Type Test Specimens
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023
Referred By
ASTM A345-19 - Standard Specification for Flat-Rolled Electrical Steels for Magnetic Applications
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023
Referred By
ASTM A971/A971M-17(2022) - Standard Test Method for Measuring Edge Taper and Crown of Flat-Rolled Electrical Steel Coils
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023
Referred By
ASTM A720/A720M-02(2021) - Standard Test Method for Ductility of Nonoriented Electrical Steel
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023
Referred By
ASTM A343/A343M-14(2019) - Standard Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Materials at Power Frequencies Using Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method and 25-cm Epstein Test Frame
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023
Referred By
ASTM A664-15(2022) - Standard Practice for Identification of Standard Electrical Steel Grades in ASTM Specifications
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023
Referred By
ASTM A976-18 - Standard Classification of Insulating Coatings for Electrical Steels by Composition, Relative Insulating Ability and Application
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023

Buy Standard

ASTM A677-16(2023) - Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully Processed TypesASTM A677-16(2023) - Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully Processed Types
PreviousNext
Technical specification
ASTM A677-16(2023) - Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully Processed Types
English language
6 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A677 − 16 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Specification for
1
Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully Processed Types
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A677; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope A343/A343M Test Method for Alternating-Current Mag-
netic Properties of Materials at Power Frequencies Using
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to
Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method and 25-cm Ep-
which flat-rolled nonoriented fully processed electrical steel
stein Test Frame
shall conform.
A664 Practice for Identification of Standard Electrical Steel
1.2 This steel is produced to specified maximum core-loss
Grades in ASTM Specifications
values and is intended primarily for commercial power fre-
A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods
quency (50 Hz and 60 Hz) applications in magnetic devices.
for Steel Products for Shipment
Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics are devel-
A717/A717M Test Method for Surface Insulation Resistivity
oped during mill processing, so additional heat treatment by
of Single-Strip Specimens
the user is usually not necessary.
A719/A719M Test Method for Lamination Factor of Mag-
netic Materials
1.3 These nonoriented fully processed electrical steels are
low-carbon, silicon-iron, or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys con- A720/A720M Test Method for Ductility of Nonoriented
Electrical Steel
taining up to about 3.5 % silicon and a small amount of
aluminum. A937/A937M Test Method for Determining Interlaminar
Resistance of Insulating Coatings Using Two Adjacent
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Test Surfaces
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
A971/A971M Test Method for Measuring Edge Taper and
conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units
Crown of Flat-Rolled Electrical Steel Coils
which are provided for information only and are not considered
A976 Classification of Insulating Coatings for Electrical
standard.
Steels by Composition, Relative Insulating Ability and
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
Application
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
terials
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
E140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Hardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, Sclero-
scope Hardness, and Leeb Hardness
2. Referenced Documents
E384 Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Mate-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: rials
A34/A34M Practice for Sampling and Procurement Testing
3. Terminology
of Magnetic Materials
A340 Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to
3.1 Definitions—The terms and symbols used in this speci-
Magnetic Testing
fication are defined in Terminology A340.
4. Classification
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on 4.1 The nonoriented electrical steel types described by this
Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.02 on
specification are as shown in Table 1.
Material Specifications.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2023. Published December 2023. Originally
5. Ordering Information
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as A677 – 16. DOI:
10.1520/A0677-16R23.
5.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
as much of the following information as necessary to describe
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
the desired material adequately:
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 5.1.1 ASTM specification number;
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A677 − 16 (2023)
A B C
TABLE 1 Core-Loss Types and Maximum Core Losses at a Magnetic Flux Density of 1.5 T (15 kG) and 60 Hz
D
for As-Sheared Epstein Specimens
0.36 mm (0.0140 in.) Thickness 0.47 mm (0.0185 in.) Thickness 0.64 mm (0.0250 in.) Thickness
Maximum Core Loss, Maximum Core Loss, Maximum Core Loss,
Core-Loss T
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM A683-16(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel, Semiprocessed Types

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard requirements for flat-rolled, nonoriented semiprocessed electrical steel intended primarily for commercial power frequency applications in magnetic devices. These electrical steels are low carbon, silicon-iron, or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys, and are classified according to core-loss. Unlike the fully processed electrical steels covered by ASTM A 677, the electrical steels in this specification require heat treatment by the user to develop the specified magnetic properties. The steels covered by this specification have a thickness of either 0.0185 in. (0.47 mm) or 0.025 in. (0.64 mm). For each thickness there are four core loss types. The core loss shall be determined following the use of a quality evaluation anneal listed in the specification. The core loss is determined using the Epstein test method at a test frequency of 60 Hz and a maximum flux density of 15 kG (1.5 T). Test methods to determine other required physical and mechanical properties are listed. Other typical magnetic and physical properties are listed for reference.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which flat-rolled, nonoriented semiprocessed electrical steel shall conform.  
1.2 This steel is produced to specified maximum core-loss values and is intended primarily for commercial power frequency (50 Hz and 60 Hz) applications in magnetic devices. Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics are developed through heat treatment by the user.  
1.3 These nonoriented, semiprocessed electrical steels are low carbon, silicon-iron or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys containing up to about 2.5 % silicon and less than 1 % aluminum.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A971/A971M-17(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Edge Taper and Crown of Flat-Rolled Electrical Steel Coils

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Flat-rolled electrical steel master coils are usually slit into narrower coils. Usually these slit coils are punched or sheared into laminations of various shapes. The laminations are then uniformly stacked to become the cores of magnetic devices such as motors and transformers. Stacking of many laminations exhibiting excessive taper causes assembly problems and poor appearance. Nonuniform stack lengths in motors cause imbalance and noise. When the laminations are interleaved in transformers, taper causes air spaces within the core resulting in increased noise, increased exciting current, and higher core loss.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a procedure for measuring edge taper and crown of flat-rolled electrical steel coils as produced at the steel mill.  
1.2 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this standard, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard.  
1.3 The following material specifications include requirements for edge taper or crown: A677, A683, A726, A876, and A1086. Specification A840 also includes requirements for edge taper or crown, but it has been withdrawn and reference to it is included for historical purposes.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A721/A721M-02(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Ductility of Oriented Electrical Steel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This is a specialized bend test for grain-oriented steel not covered under the provisions of Test Methods E290.  
4.2 This test is applicable to grain-oriented silicon steel such as covered in Specification A876 in commercial thicknesses and widths up to 36 in. [910 mm].
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the ductility of grain-oriented silicon steel by use of an apparatus known variously as a tinner's brake, hand folder, or an apron brake.  
1.2 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this test method, SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this test method.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A720/A720M-02(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Ductility of Nonoriented Electrical Steel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This is a specialized bend test for nonoriented electrical steel not covered under the provisions of Test Methods E290.  
4.2 This test is applicable to nonoriented silicon steel such as described in Specifications A677 and A683 in commercial thicknesses.  
4.3 It is not intended to be applied to steels considered inherently ductile.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of ductility utilizing Epstein test strips and a bending device for bending the strip over a predetermined radius. It is intended for commercial silicon-bearing steel sheet or strip of nonoriented types in the thickness range from 0.010 to 0.031 in. [0.25 to 0.79 mm], inclusive.  
1.2 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this test method, SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this test method.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A1086-20(Specification)
Standard Specification for Thin-Gauge Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully Processed Types

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which flat-rolled thin-gauge nonoriented fully processed electrical steel shall conform. Nominal thicknesses included in this specification are 0.10 mm (0.004 in.) to 0.30 mm (0.012 in.).  
1.1.1 Refer to Specification A677 for properties of flat-rolled nonoriented fully processed electrical steel in nominal thicknesses of 0.36 mm (0.014 in.) to 0.64 mm (0.025 in.).  
1.1.2 Refer to Specification A876 for properties of flat-rolled grain-oriented fully processed electrical steel.  
1.1.3 Thin-gauge nonoriented electrical steels with a high silicon content (typically 61/2 %) manufactured using silicon vapor-deposition or similar processes are not included in this specification.  
1.2 The steel covered in this specification is produced to specified maximum core loss values and is intended primarily for use in rotating electrical machinery and other electromagnetic devices operating at moderate to elevated frequencies (100 Hz and greater). Desirable core loss and permeability characteristics are developed during mill processing; however, lamination manufacturing processes may adversely affect these mill-produced properties. Additional stress-relief heat treatment by the user may therefore be helpful in remediating these properties in the manufactured laminations. Stress-relief annealing is discussed further in Appendix X2.  
1.3 These thin-gauge nonoriented fully processed electrical steels are low-carbon, silicon-iron, or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys typically containing 2.5 to 3.5 % silicon and a small amount of aluminum.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4.1 There are selected values presented in two units, both of which are in acceptable SI units. These are differentiated by the word “or,” as in “g/cm3, or, (kg/m3).”  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A867-19(Specification)
Standard Specification for Iron-Silicon Relay Steels

ABSTRACT
This specification covers wrought iron-silicon (Fe-Si) relay steels that are generally used in the manufacture of electromechanical devices, such as relays and solenoids, requiring higher electrical resistivity, higher permeability, and lower coercivity and residual magnetism than provided by either carbon steels or soft magnetic low-carbon irons. Available forms and conditions are forging billet, hot-rolled product, cold-finished bars, strip, and wire. These steels are not the same as the flat-rolled non-oriented or grain oriented iron-silicon electrical steels covered by ASTM Specifications A 677, A 683 and A 876. The steels covered in this specification have nominal silicon contents of 1.1, 2.3 and 4.0 % Si. Both the 1.1 and 2.3 % Si types are also available in an enhanced machinability composition. Along with chemical composition, steels produced to this specification must meet a specified maximum value of coercive field strength when heat treated according to this specification. Appendices are given containing typical magnetic, physical and mechanical properties and heat treatment.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers wrought iron-silicon (Fe-Si) steels that are generally used in the manufacture of electromechanical devices, such as relays and solenoids, requiring higher electrical resistivity, higher permeability, and lower coercivity and residual magnetism than provided by either carbon steels or soft magnetic low-carbon irons. The steels covered in this specification are:    
Steel Type  
Nominal Composition  
1  
1.1 % Si-Fe  
1F  
1.1 % Si-Fe free machining  
2  
2.3 % Si-Fe  
2F  
2.3 % Si-Fe free machining  
3  
4.0 % Si-Fe  
1.2 This specification covers steels in the form and condition required for fabrication into parts. The fabricated parts typically require a final heat treatment to obtain the desired magnetic performance. The term mill annealed as used in this specification applies to a heat treatment, typically applied by the producer, intended to improve formability. The mill anneal does not provide the optimum magnetic performance and is not intended to replace the need for the finish annealing of parts.  
1.3 This specification covers steels in the form of forging billets, hot-rolled bar and strip, cold-finished bar, wire, and cold-rolled strip in thicknesses up to 6.35 mm (0.250 in.).  
1.4 This specification does not cover electrical sheet steels used in transformer and motor laminations. Please refer to Specifications A677, A683, A726, A876, and A1086 for standards pertaining to these material types.  
1.5 This specification does not cover powder metallurgy materials capable of being processed into magnetic core components having similar silicon contents.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6.1 There are selected values presented in two units, both of which are in acceptable SI units. These are differentiated by the word “or,” as in “μΩ-cm, or, Ω-m.”  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A345-19(Specification)
Standard Specification for Flat-Rolled Electrical Steels for Magnetic Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification concerns general procedures for specifying requirements of flat-rolled electrical steels for magnetic applications. This specification is to be used when the material in question is not covered by an ASTM material specification. The specification does not contain requirements but instead lists physical properties, ordering information and other attributes that should be considered when purchasing the material. All ASTM electrical steel specifications are in conformity to this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers general procedures for specifying requirements in the procurement and delivery of flat-rolled electrical steels for magnetic applications. When an applicable individual specification does not exist, this specification enables the user to order a suitable material to be supplied under controlled conditions with respect to magnetic quality, sampling, testing, packaging, and so forth, by specifying certain requirements on the purchase order and citing this specification.  
1.2 Individual ASTM electrical steel specifications that are in conformity with this specification are Specifications A677, A683, A726, A840, A876, and A1086.
Note 1: For more information on other standards associated with this specification, refer to the following: Test Methods A341/A341M, A343/A343M, A348/A348M, A596/A596M, A712, A717/A717M, A719/A719M, A720/A720M, A721/A721M, A773/A773M, A804/A804M, A889/A889M, A937/A937M, A971/A971M, and Practice A664.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A876-17e1(Specification)
Standard Specification for Flat-Rolled, Grain-Oriented, Silicon-Iron, Electrical Steel, Fully Processed Types

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the detailed requirements for specified grades of flat-rolled, grain-oriented, fully processed low-carbon silicon-iron electrical steels, whose low core loss and high permeability in the direction of rolling have been achieved by appropriate metallurgical processing. These steels are primarily used in transformer cores operating at moderate to high magnetic flux densities at commercial power frequencies. These steels may be acquired in any of four conditions a.) conventional grain-oriented tested at 15 kG (1.5 T), b.) conventional grain-oriented tested at 17 kG (1.7 T), c.) high-permeability grain-oriented tested at 17 kG (1.7 T) and d.) laser-scribed high-permeability grain-oriented tested at 17 kG (1.7 T). These steels can be purchased in a number of combinations of material form and surface type or treatment. This specification explains in detail, the available forms, thicknesses and magnetic performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which the specified grades of flat-rolled, grain-oriented, fully processed electrical steels shall conform. These steels are used primarily in transformer cores operating at moderate to high magnetic flux densities at commercial power frequencies (50 and 60 Hz).  
1.2 These grain-oriented electrical steels are low-carbon, silicon-iron alloys with a silicon content of approximately 3.2 % in which low core loss and high permeability in the direction of rolling have been achieved by appropriate metallurgical processing.  
1.3 The electrical-steel grades described in this specification include (1) conventional grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 1.5 T (15 kG) in accordance with Test Method A343/A343M, (2) conventional grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 1.7 T (17 kG) in accordance with Test Method A343/A343M, (3) high-permeability grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 1.7 T (17 kG) in accordance with Test Method A343/A343M, and (4) laser-scribed high-permeability grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 1.7 T (17 kG) in accordance with Test Methods A804/A804M.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A1034/A1034M-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Mechanical Splices for Steel Reinforcing Bars

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Significance:  
5.1.1 The bar-splice assembly test specimen shall closely represent the mechanical splice used in practice. The behavior of the bar-splice assembly embedded in concrete, however, may differ from its behavior during testing where it is not embedded in concrete.  
5.2 Usefulness:  
5.2.1 Testing of mechanical splices for reinforcing bars shall establish the behavior of the bar-splice assembly under the loading conditions described herein for the various test methods to determine the acceptability of the mechanical splice for use in reinforced concrete structural members under specific design criteria.  
5.3 Interpretation of Test Results:  
5.3.1 Similar or better performance of mechanical splices installed in structural members shall be expected only if materials and methods of assembly are similar to the materials and methods used in the tests.
SCOPE
1.1 General—This specification covers the qualification requirements and test methods of mechanical splices for reinforcing bars. Qualification requirements are located in Annex A1. The various tests herein described can be specified in total or individually.  
1.2 The test methods herein described are applicable to any type of mechanical splice manufactured to join steel reinforcing bars of any grade (specified minimum yield strength), uncoated or coated.
Note 1: Various code-writing bodies specify various parameters, such as test loads, number of cycles and test temperature, for testing.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A683-16(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel, Semiprocessed Types

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard requirements for flat-rolled, nonoriented semiprocessed electrical steel intended primarily for commercial power frequency applications in magnetic devices. These electrical steels are low carbon, silicon-iron, or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys, and are classified according to core-loss. Unlike the fully processed electrical steels covered by ASTM A 677, the electrical steels in this specification require heat treatment by the user to develop the specified magnetic properties. The steels covered by this specification have a thickness of either 0.0185 in. (0.47 mm) or 0.025 in. (0.64 mm). For each thickness there are four core loss types. The core loss shall be determined following the use of a quality evaluation anneal listed in the specification. The core loss is determined using the Epstein test method at a test frequency of 60 Hz and a maximum flux density of 15 kG (1.5 T). Test methods to determine other required physical and mechanical properties are listed. Other typical magnetic and physical properties are listed for reference.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which flat-rolled, nonoriented semiprocessed electrical steel shall conform.  
1.2 This steel is produced to specified maximum core-loss values and is intended primarily for commercial power frequency (50 Hz and 60 Hz) applications in magnetic devices. Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics are developed through heat treatment by the user.  
1.3 These nonoriented, semiprocessed electrical steels are low carbon, silicon-iron or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys containing up to about 2.5 % silicon and less than 1 % aluminum.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off