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ASTM E2555-21e1

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Factors and Procedures for Applying the MIL-STD-105 Plans in Life and Reliability Inspection

Standard Practice for Factors and Procedures for Applying the MIL-STD-105 Plans in Life and Reliability Inspection

ABSTRACT
This practice presents a procedure and related tables of factors for adapting Practice E2234 (equivalent to MIL-STD105) sampling plans to acceptance sampling inspection when the item quality of interest is life length or reliability. Factors are provided for three alternative criteria for lot evaluation: mean life, hazard rate, and reliable life. Inspection of the sample is by attributes with testing truncated at the end of some prearranged period of time. The Weibull distribution, together with the exponential distribution as a special case, is used as the underlying statistical model. The procedure and tables presented in this practice are based on the use of the Weibull distribution in acceptance sampling inspection.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The procedure and tables presented in this practice are based on the use of the Weibull distribution in acceptance sampling inspection. Details of this work, together with tables of sampling plans of other forms, have been published previously. See Refs (1-3).4 Since the basic computations required have already been made, it has been quite easy to provide these new factors. No changes in method or details of application have been made over those described in the publications referenced above. For this reason, the text portion of this report has been briefly written. Readers interested in further details are referred to these previous publications. Other sources of material on the underlying theory and approach are also available (4-7).  
4.2 The procedure to be used is essentially the same as the one normally used for attribute sampling inspection. The only difference is that sample items are tested for life or survival instead of for some other property. For single sampling, the following are the required steps:  
4.2.1 Using the tables of factors provided in Annex A1, select a suitable sampling inspection plan from those tabulated in Practice E2234.  
4.2.2 Draw at random a sample of items of the size specified by the selected Practice E2234 plan.  
4.2.3 Place the sample of items on life test for the specified period of time, t.  
4.2.4 Determine the number of sample items that failed during the test period.  
4.2.5 Compare the number of items that failed with the number allowed under the selected Practice E2234 plan.  
4.2.6 If the number that failed is equal to or less than the acceptable number, accept the lot; if the number failing exceeds the acceptable number, reject the lot.  
4.3 Both the sample sizes and the acceptance numbers used are those specified by Practice E2234 plans. It will be assumed in the section on examples that single sampling plans will be used. However, the matching double sampling and multiple sampling plans provided in MIL-...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice presents a procedure and related tables of factors for adapting Practice E2234 (equivalent to MIL-STD-105) sampling plans to acceptance sampling inspection when the item quality of interest is life length or reliability. Factors are provided for three alternative criteria for lot evaluation: mean life, hazard rate, and reliable life. Inspection of the sample is by attributes with testing truncated at the end of some prearranged period of time. The Weibull distribution, together with the exponential distribution as a special case, is used as the underlying statistical model.  
1.2 A system of units is not specified by this practice.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issue...

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Apr-2021
ICS
07.020 - Mathematics
Technical Committee
E11 - Quality and Statistics
Drafting Committee
E11.40 - Reliability
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM E2555-21e1 - Standard Practice for Factors and Procedures for Applying the MIL-STD-105 Plans in Life and Reliability InspectionASTM E2555-21e1 - Standard Practice for Factors and Procedures for Applying the MIL-STD-105 Plans in Life and Reliability Inspection
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ASTM E2555-21e1 - Standard Practice for Factors and Procedures for Applying the MIL-STD-105 Plans in Life and Reliability Inspection
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
´1
Designation: E2555 − 21 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Factors and Procedures for Applying the MIL-STD-105 Plans
1
in Life and Reliability Inspection
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2555; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial corrections were made to the Terminology section in January 2022.
1. Scope 2.2 Other Documents:
MIL-STD-105ESampling Procedures and Tables for In-
1.1 This practice presents a procedure and related tables of
3
spection by Attributes
factors for adapting Practice E2234 (equivalent to MIL-STD-
105) sampling plans to acceptance sampling inspection when
3. Terminology
the item quality of interest is life length or reliability. Factors
are provided for three alternative criteria for lot evaluation: 3.1 Definitions:
mean life, hazard rate, and reliable life. Inspection of the
3.1.1 TheterminologydefinedinTerminologyE456applies
sampleisbyattributeswithtestingtruncatedattheendofsome
to this practice unless modified herein.
prearranged period of time. The Weibull distribution, together
3.1.2 acceptance quality limit (AQL), n—qualitylimitthatis
with the exponential distribution as a special case, is used as
theworsttolerableprocessaveragewhenacontinuingseriesof
the underlying statistical model.
lots is submitted for acceptance sampling. E2234
1.2 A system of units is not specified by this practice. 3.1.2.1 Discussion—Thisdefinitionsupersedesthatgivenin
MIL-STD-105E.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.2.2 Discussion—A sampling plan and an AQL are cho-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sen in accordance with the risk assumed. Use of a value of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
AQL for a certain defect or group of defects indicates that the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
sampling plan will accept the great majority of the lots or
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
batchesprovidedtheprocessaveragelevelofpercentdefective
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
(or defects per hundred units) in these lots or batches are no
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
greater than the designated value ofAQL. Thus, theAQL is a
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
designated value of percent defective (or defects per hundred
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
units) for which lots will be accepted most of the time by the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
sampling procedure being used. The sampling plans provided
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
herein are so arranged that the probability of acceptance at the
designated AQL value depends upon the sample size, being
2. Referenced Documents
generally higher for large samples than for small ones, for a
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
given AQL. The AQL alone does not identify the chances of
E456Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
accepting or rejecting individual lots or batches but more
E2234Practice for Sampling a Stream of Product by Attri-
directly relates to what might be expected from a series of lots
butes Indexed by AQL
or batches, provided the steps indicated in this refer to the
E2586Practice for Calculating and Using Basic Statistics
operating characteristic curve of the plan to determine the
relative risks.
3.1.3 consumer’s risk, n—probability that a lot having
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE11onQualityand
specified rejectable quality level will be accepted under a
Statistics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E11.40 on Reliability.
defined sampling plan.
Current edition approved May 1, 2021. Published June 2021. Originally
ɛ1
approved in 2007. Last previous version approved in 2018 as E2555–07 (2018) .
DOI: 10.1520/E2555-21E01.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM MIL-STD-105Eisalsocommonlyreferredtoas“MIL-STD-105.”Itisvirtually
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on identical in content to its predecessor, MIL-STD-105D.These documents are out of
the ASTM website. print.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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...

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ABSTRACT
This practice establishes lot or batch sampling plans and procedures for inspection by attributes using MIL-STD-105E as a basis for sampling a steady stream of lots indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL). It provides the sampling plans of MIL-STD-105E in ASTM format for use by ASTM committees and others and recognizes the continuing usage of MIL-STD-105E in industries supported by ASTM. This practice also establishes lot or batch sampling plans and procedures for inspection by attributes.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Purpose—This publication establishes lot or batch sampling plans and procedures for inspection by attributes. This publication shall not be interpreted to supersede or conflict with any contractual requirements. The words “accept,” “acceptance,” “acceptable,” etc, refer only to the contractor’s use of the sampling plans contained in this standard and do not imply an agreement by the customer (formerly “Government” in original text) to accept any product. Determination of acceptability by the customer shall be as described in contractual documents. The sampling plans described in this standard are applicable to AQL’s of 0.01 % or higher and are therefore not suitable for applications where quality levels in the range of parts per million levels can be realized.  
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1.1 This guide describes different mathematical methods that may be used to calculate absorbed dose and criteria for their selection. Absorbed-dose calculations can determine the effectiveness of the radiation process, estimate the absorbed-dose distribution in product, or supplement or complement, or both, the measurement of absorbed dose.  
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5.1 The guidelines presented in this practice for retaining significant digits and rounding numbers may be adopted by the using agency or user. Their adoption should generally be used to calculate and record data when specified requirements are not included in a standard.  
5.2 While this practice originated when most geotechnical data were manually collected and recorded on data forms, tables, or into computers, the use of digital acquisition, calculations, and reporting of data has become more common. When calculators and computers are used for data collection, the significant digits may not meet the requirements specified in this standard. Nevertheless, their use shall not be regarded as nonconforming with this practice.  
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5.3.1 The guidelines presented emphasize recording data to enough significant digits or the number of decimal places to allow sensitivity and variability analyses to be performed.
SCOPE
1.1 Using significant digits in geotechnical data involves the processes of collecting, calculating, and recording either measured values or calculated values (results) or both. This practice is intended to promote uniformity in recording significant digits for measured and calculated values involving geotechnical data.  
1.2 The guidelines presented are industry standard and are representative of the significant digits that should be retained in general. The guidelines do not consider material variation, the purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user's objectives, and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.  
1.3 It is beyond the scope of this practice to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.  
1.4 This practice accepts a variation of the traditional rounding method that recognizes the algorithm common to most hand-held calculators and computers, see 6.2.3. The traditional rounding method (see 6.2) is in accordance with Practice E29, ASTM Manual 7, or IEEE/ASTM SI 10.
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SCOPE
1.1 These test methods2 cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of steels, stainless steels, and related alloys. The various mechanical tests herein described are used to determine properties required in the product specifications. Variations in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing are to be followed to obtain reproducible and comparable results. In those cases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique or at variance with these general procedures, the product specification testing requirements shall control.  
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Sections  
Tension  
7 to 14  
Bend  
15  
Hardness  
16  
Brinell  
17  
Rockwell  
18  
Portable  
19  
Impact  
20 to 30  
Keywords  
32  
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Annex  
Bar Products  
Annex A1  
Tubular Products  
Annex A2  
Fasteners  
Annex A3  
Round Wire Products  
Annex A4  
Significance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing  
Annex A5  
Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to
Equivalents for Flat Specimens  
Annex A6    
Testing Multi-Wire Strand  
Annex A7  
Rounding of Test Data  
Annex A8  
Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars  
Annex A9  
Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-cycle Simulation  
Annex A10  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 When these test methods are referenced in a metric product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SI (MPa) units. The elongation determined in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 in. or 8 in. may be report...

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ASTM
ASTM F3565-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Electrofusion Joining Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings for Pressure Pipe Service

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Using the procedures and apparatus in Sections 8 and 9 and the manufacturer's instructions, pressure-tight joints as strong as the pipe itself can be made between manufacturer-recommended combinations of pipe and fittings. See Specification F1055 for performance requirements of polyethylene electrofusion fittings.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for making joints suitable for pressure service with polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings by means of electrofusion joining techniques in, but not limited to, a field environment. Other suitable electrofusion joining procedures are available from various sources including fitting manufacturers. This standard does not purport to address all possible electrofusion joining procedures, or to preclude the use of qualified procedures developed by other parties that have been proven to produce reliable electrofusion joints. (Note 1)
Note 1: Reference to the manufacturer in this practice refers to the electrofusion fitting manufacturer.  
1.2 The parameters and procedure are applicable only to joining polyethylene pipe and fittings (Note 2) which are intended for PE fuel gas pipe per Specification D2513 and PE potable water, sewer and industrial pipe manufactured per Specification F714, Specification D3035, Specification F2619, and AWWA C901 and C906.
Note 2: Commercially available materials classified with a thermoplastic pipe material designation code beginning with PE 14, PE 23, PE 24, PE 27, PE 33, PE 34, PE 36, and PE 46, and PE 47 in accordance with Specification D3350 and Terminology F412 are generally acceptable for electrofusion joining using this practice. Consult with the pipe or fitting manufacturer for specific compatibility information.  
1.3 Parts that are within the dimensional tolerances given in present ASTM specifications are required to produce sound joints between polyethylene pipe and fittings when using the joining techniques described in this practice.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The text of this practice references notes, footnotes, and appendices which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the practice.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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