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ASTM D5161-96

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Specifying Inspection Requirements for Coating and Lining Work (Metal Substrates)

Standard Guide for Specifying Inspection Requirements for Coating and Lining Work (Metal Substrates)

SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to aid the coating specification writer in selecting and specifying the appropriate inspection requirements. It indicates the inspection requirements that may be employed for each of four service environments including mild, moderate, severe, and immersion (see Table 1).  
1.2 In order to aid the user in determining when to specify inspection requirements, a relationship between the consequence of failure and the suggested level of inspection is demonstrated (see Fig. 1).  
1.3 It is not the intent of this guide to address the selection of protective coating systems, to specify surface preparation and application requirements, or to be a referenced document in a specification.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-May-1996
ICS
25.220.20 - Surface treatment
Technical Committee
D33 - Protective Coating and Lining Work for Power Generation Facilities
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D5161-04 - Standard Guide for Specifying Inspection Requirements for Coating and Lining Work (Metal Substrates)
Effective Date
01-Jan-2004
Referred By
ASTM D4538-21 - Standard Terminology Relating to Protective Coating and Lining Work for Power Generation Facilities
Effective Date
10-May-1996

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ASTM D5161-96 - Standard Guide for Specifying Inspection Requirements for Coating and Lining Work (Metal Substrates)ASTM D5161-96 - Standard Guide for Specifying Inspection Requirements for Coating and Lining Work (Metal Substrates)
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ASTM D5161-96 - Standard Guide for Specifying Inspection Requirements for Coating and Lining Work (Metal Substrates)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 5161 – 96
Standard Guide for
Specifying Inspection Requirements for Coating and Lining
Work (Metal Substrates)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5161; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
TABLE 1 Inspection Requirements
1. Scope
Service Environments
Suggested Inspection
1.1 This guide is intended to aid the coating specification
Requirements
Mild Moderate Severe Immersion
writer in selecting and specifying the appropriate inspection
requirements. It indicates the inspection requirements that may
Pre-Surface Preparation:
Visual for contaminants X X X X
be employed for each of four service environments including
Visual for surface XX
mild, moderate, severe, and immersion (see Table 1).
anomalies
1.2 In order to aid the user in determining when to specify Surface Preparation:
Air supply for XX
inspection requirements, a relationship between the conse-
contaminants
quence of failure and the suggested level of inspection is
Abrasives for type and XX
demonstrated (see Fig. 1). cleanliness
Ambient conditions and XX
1.3 It is not the intent of this guide to address the selection
dew point
of protective coating systems, to specify surface preparation
Surface anomalies X X
Degree of cleanliness X X X X
and application requirements, or to be a referenced document
Profile X X X
in a specification.
Visual final for XX
contamination
2. Referenced Documents
Coating Application:
Materials X X X
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Mixing X X
D 1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of
Equipment X X X
Air supply for XX X
Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
2 contaminants
a Ferrous Metal Base
Ambient conditions and XX
D 1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of
dew point
Dry Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to Wet film thickness X X
2 Intercoat parameters X X X
a Nonferrous Metal Base
Appearance between XX
D 3276 Guide for Painting Inspectors (Metal Substrates)
coats
Dry film thickness XX
D 4285 Test Method for Indicating Oil or Water in Com-
between coats
pressed Air
Final Acceptance:
D 4414 Practice for Measurement of Wet Film Thickness by
Appearance X X
Visual runs and sags X X X
Notch Gages
Visual holidays and XX
D 4417 Test Method for Field Measurement of Surface
pinholes
Profile of Blast Cleaned Steel
Dry film thickness X X X
Holiday tests X
D 4940 Test Method for Conductimetric Analysis of Water
Repairs X X
Soluble Ionic Contamination of Blasting Abrasives
Final cure X X
D 5162 Practice for Discontinuity (Holiday) Testing of
Nonconductive Protective Coating on Metallic Substrates
E 337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-
chrometer (the Measurement of Wet and Dry-Bulb Tem-
peratures)
2.2 SSPC Standard:
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D33 on Protective
Coating and Lining Work for Power Generation Facilities and is the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee D33.04 on Quality Systems and Inspection.
Current edition approved May 10, 1996. Published July 1996. Originally
published as D 5161 – 91. Last previous edition D 5161 – 91. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.03.
2 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. Available from Steel Structures Painting Council, 4400 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02. PA 15213.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5161
5. Inspection Requirements
5.1 Pre-Surface Preparation:
5.1.1 Contaminants—Visually verify that oil and grease are
removed from the surface prior to surface preparation opera-
tions (see Guide D 3276).
5.1.2 Surface Anomalies—Visually verify that welds and
sharp or jagged edges have been suitably prepared for the
coating system being used (see Guide D 3276).
5.2 Surface Preparation:
5.2.1 Air Supply—Verify that air supply is clean and dry
(see Test Method D 4285).
5.2.2 Abrasives—Verify cleanliness and proper size and
type to achieve specified profile (see Test Method D 4940).
5.2.3 Ambient Conditions—Verify that air temperature, hu-
midity, surface temperature, and due point spread are appro-
priate (see Test Method E 337).
5.2.4 Surface Anomalies—Identify any burrs, slivers, scabs,
and weld spatter visible after blasting.
5.2.5 Surface Cleanliness—Verify degree of surface clean-
liness (see SSPC-Visl-89 or Visl-3).
5.2.6 Profile—Verify profile is within specified tolerance
using appropriate instruments (see Test Method D 4417).
NOTE 1—This figure is provided as a visual aid to represent graphically
5.2.7 Surface Contamination—Verify that all visible surface
the general relationship between the consequence of failure and the
suggested level of inspection. The slope and configuration of the curve
contaminants including oil, grease, dust, etc have been re-
wil
...

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ABSTRACT
This specification covers measurement of strain resistance of anodic coatings on aluminium and its alloys, that have undergone a sealing treatment and contact with an acidic solution, are stainproof or nonadsorptive with respect to dyes. The method comprises contacting the test area of the anodized specimen with nitric acid solution and, after rinsing and drying, applying a special dye solution followed by rinsing and rubbing the test area with pumice powder, drying, and visual examination of the test area for retention of dye stain. Coatings that exhibit no dye stain or change in color are considered to have passed the test. Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. A specified solution of nitric acid shall be prepared in distilled or deionized water. A specified volume of aluminium blue 2WL dye shall be dissolved in distilled or deionized water.
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3.1 This test method is intended to determine whether anodic oxide coatings on aluminum and its alloys have been properly sealed and as a result are resistant to absorbing dyes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to determine whether anodic oxide coatings on aluminum and its alloys, that have undergone a sealing treatment and contact with an acid solution, are stainproof or nonadsorptive with respect to dyes.  
1.2 Coatings that have been properly sealed should be proof against adsorption of coloring materials and, hence, “nonstaining” in many types of service.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to anodic coatings intended for applications where they are exposed to the weather, or for protective purposes in corrosive media, and where resistance to staining is important.
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Note 2: For Aluminum Association Class I and II architectural anodic coatings that are sealed in solutions containing less than 15 ppm silicates or 3 ppm phosphates, the acid pretreatment may be omitted.  
1.4 In the case of coatings colored in deep shades, where estimation of the intensity of any residual dye stain is difficult, interpretation of the test is based on whether or not the original color has been affected by the action of the test.  
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ASTM D6529-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Operating Performance of Continuous Electrodeionization Systems on Feeds from 50 μS/cm to 1000 μS/cm

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5.1 The CEDI devices can be used to produce deionized water from feeds of pretreated water. This test method permits the relatively rapid measurement of key performance capabilities of CEDI devices using standard sets of conditions. The data obtained can be analyzed to provide information on whether changes may have occurred in operating characteristics of the device independently of any variability in feed water characteristics or operating conditions. Under specific circumstances, this test method may also provide sufficient information for plant design.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the operating characteristics of continuous electrodeionization (CEDI) devices using synthetic feed solutions and is not necessarily applicable to natural waters. This test method is a procedure applicable to solutions with a conductivity range from approximately 50 μS/cm to 1000 μS/cm.  
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1.3.4 Performance on feed waters less than 50 μS/cm, particularly performance relating to organic solutes, colloidal or particulate matter, or biological or microbial matter.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers zinc and tin alloy wire, including zinc-aluminum, zinc-aluminum-copper, zinc-tin, zinc-tin-copper and tin-zinc, used as thermal spray wire in the electronics industry.  
1.1.1 Certain alloys specified in this standard are also used as solders for the purpose of joining together two or more metals at temperatures below their melting points, and for other purposes (as noted in Annex A1). Specification B907 covers Zinc, Tin and Cadmium Base Alloys Used as Solders which are used primarily for the purpose of joining together two or more metals at temperatures below their melting points and for other purposes (as noted in the Annex part of Specification B907). Specification B833 covers Zinc and Zinc Alloy Wire for Thermal Spraying (Metallizing) used primarily for the corrosion protection of steel (as noted in the Annex part of Specification B833).  
1.1.2 Tin base alloys are included in this specification because their use in the electronics industry is similar to the use of certain zinc alloys but different than the major use of the tin and lead solder compositions specified in Specification B32.  
1.1.3 These wire alloys have a nominal liquidus temperature not exceeding 850 °F (455 °C).  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The water-break test as described in this test method is rapid, nondestructive, and may be used for control and evaluation of processes for the removal of hydrophobic contaminants. A water-break “free” test is commonly used for in-process verification of the absence of surface contaminants on metal surfaces that may interfere with subsequent surface treatments such as priming, conversion coating, anodizing, plating, or adhesive bonding  
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5.4 For quantitative measurement of surface wetting, test methods that measure contact angle of a sessile drop of water or other test liquid may be used in some applications. Measurement methods based on contact angle are shown in Test Methods C813, D5946, and D7490; and Practice D7334.  
5.4.1 Devices for in situ measurement of contact angle are available. These devices are limited to a small measurement surface area and may not reflect the cleanliness condition of a larger surface. For larger surface areas, localized contact angle measurement, or other quantitative inspection, combined with water-break testing may be useful.  
5.5 For surfaces that cannot be immersed or doused with water, or where such immersion or dousing is impractical, such as previously coated large parts or assemblies, prior to the application of paints, primers or other organic coatings, Test Method F21 may be better suited for the evaluation of surface cleanliness than this test method.
Note 2: This test method is not appropriate where line o...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the detection of the presence of hydrophobic (nonwetting) films on surfaces and the presence of hydrophobic organic materials in processing environments. When properly conducted, the test will enable detection of molecular layers of hydrophobic organic contaminants. On very rough or porous surfaces, the sensitivity of the test may be significantly decreased.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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ASTM D1735-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Fog Apparatus

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Water can cause the degradation of coatings, so knowledge of how a coating resists water is helpful in predicting its service life. Failure in water fog tests may be caused by a number of factors, including a deficiency in the coating itself, contamination of the substrate, or inadequate surface preparation. The test is therefore useful for evaluating coatings alone or complete coating systems.  
4.2 Water fog tests are used for research and development of coatings and substrate treatments, specification acceptance, and quality control in manufacturing. These tests usually result in a pass or fail determination, but the degree of failure may also be measured. A coating system is considered to pass if there is no evidence of water-related failure after a specified period of time.  
4.3 Results obtained from the use of water fog tests in accordance with this practice should not be represented as being equivalent to a period of exposure to water in the natural environment, until the degree of quantitative correlation has been established for the coating or coating system.  
4.4 The test apparatus is similar to that used in Practice B117, and the conversion of the apparatus from salt spray to water fog testing is feasible. Care should be taken to remove all traces of the salt from the cabinet and reservoir when converting from salt spray to water fog testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedures for testing water resistance of coatings in an apparatus similar to that used for salt spray testing.  
1.2 This practice is limited to the methods of obtaining, measuring, and controlling the conditions and procedures of water fog tests. It does not specify specimen preparation, specific test conditions, or evaluation of results.  
Note 1: Alternative practices for testing the water resistance of coatings include Practices D870, D2247, and D4585.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D5162-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Discontinuity (Holiday) Testing of Nonconductive Protective Coating on Metallic Substrates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A coating/lining is applied to a metallic substrate to prevent corrosion or reduce product contamination, or both. The degree of coating continuity required is dictated by service conditions. Discontinuities in a coating/lining are frequently very minute and may not be readily visible. This practice provides a procedure for electrical detection of discontinuities in nonconductive coating systems.  
4.2 Electrical testing to determine the presence and number of discontinuities in a coating/lining is performed on a nonconductive coating/lining applied to an electrically conductive surface. The allowable number of discontinuities should be determined prior to conducting this test since the acceptable quantity of discontinuities will vary depending on film thickness, design, and service conditions.  
4.3 The low voltage wet sponge test equipment is generally used for detecting discontinuities in coatings/linings having a total thickness of 0.5 mm (20 mil) or less. High voltage spark test equipment is generally used for detecting discontinuities in coatings/linings having a total thickness of greater than 0.5 mm (20 mil).  
4.3.1 Coatings/linings less than 0.5 mm (20 mil) in thickness may be susceptible to damage if tested with high voltage spark testing equipment. However, coatings/linings greater than 0.25 mm (10 mil) and less than 0.5 mm (20 mil) may be tested with high voltage spark test equipment provided the voltage is calculated and set correctly, and the coating manufacturer approves its use.  
4.4 To prevent damage to a coating film when using high voltage test instrumentation, total film thickness and dielectric strength in a coating system shall be considered in determining the appropriate voltage for detection of discontinuities. Atmospheric conditions shall also be considered since the voltage required for the spark to gap a given distance in air varies with the conductivity of the air at the time the test is conducted. Table X1.1 in Appendix X1 cont...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for determining discontinuities using two types of test equipment:  
1.1.1 Test Method A—Low Voltage Wet Sponge, and  
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1.2 This practice addresses metallic substrates. For concrete surfaces, refer to Practice D4787.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E1920-03(2021)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Metallographic Preparation of Thermal Sprayed Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 TSCs are used in a number of critical industrial components. TSCs can be expected to contain measurable levels of porosity and linear detachment. Accurate and consistent evaluation of specimens is essential to ensure the integrity of the coating and proper adherence to the substrate.  
4.1.1 Example 1: By use of inappropriate metallographic methods, the apparent amount of porosity and linear detachment displayed by a given specimen can be increased, by excessive edge rounding, or decreased by smearing of material into voids. Therefore inaccurate levels of porosity and linear detachment will be reported even when the accuracy of the measurement technique is acceptable.  
4.1.2 Example 2: Inconsistent metallographic preparation methods can cause the apparent amount of voids to vary excessively indicating a poorly controlled thermal spray process, while the use of consistent practice will regularly display the true microstructure and verify the consistency of the thermal spray process.  
4.2 During the development of TSC procedures, metallographic information is necessary to validate the efficacy of a specific application.  
4.3 Cross sections are usually taken perpendicular to the long axis of the specimen and prepared to reveal information concerning the following:  
4.3.1 Variations in structure from surface to substrate,  
4.3.2 The distribution of unmelted particles throughout the coating,  
4.3.3 The distribution of linear detachment throughout the coating,  
4.3.4 The distribution of porosity throughout the coating,  
4.3.5 The presence of contamination within the coating,  
4.3.6 The thickness of the coating (top coat and bond coat, where applicable),  
4.3.7 The presence of interfacial contamination,  
4.3.8 The integrity of the interface between the coating and substrate, and,  
4.3.9 The integrity of the coating microstructure with respect to chemistry.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers recommendations for sectioning, cleaning, mounting, grinding, and polishing to reveal the microstructural features of thermal sprayed coatings (TSCs) and the substrates to which they are applied when examined microscopically. Because of the diversity of available equipment, the wide variety of coating and substrate combinations, and the sensitivity of these specimens to preparation technique, the existence of a series of recommended methods for metallographic preparation of thermal sprayed coating specimens is helpful. Adherence to this guide will provide practitioners with consistent and reproducible results. Additional information concerning standard practices for metallographic preparation can be found in Guide E3.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    5 pages
    English language
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