ASTM D2524-13

Standard Test Method for Breaking Tenacity of Wool Fibers, Flat Bundle Method&mdash;<fraction> <num>1</num><den>8</den></fraction>-in. (3.2-mm) Gage Length (Withdrawn 2022)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D2524 for testing wool fibers for tenacity is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing when the participating laboratories, using a reference wool, have shown acceptable between-laboratory precision. It is recommended that any program of acceptance testing be preceded by an interlaboratory check in the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the seller on replicate specimens of samples of the material to be evaluated. In cases of dispute, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the seller should be determined with each comparison being based on testing randomized specimens from one sample of material of the type being evaluated.  
5.2 Values obtained from flat bundle tenacity show a good correlation with values obtained from single fiber tests and require much less time.  
5.3 The basic differences between the procedures described in Test Method D2524 and those described in Test Method D1294 lie in the manner of clamping the bundles and the shorter gage length employed. The special clamps used in this method allow quicker and easier bundle preparation; however, for Test Method D1294 no special clamps are required. Closer agreement with single fiber tenacity is also obtained with Test Method D2524 than when using the procedure in Test Method D1294.  
5.4 As the observed tenacity of fibers depends in part on the type of tensile testing machine used and the time required to break the specimen, results obtained with the different types of machines which may be used in this method will not necessarily agree. The machines specifically designed for bundle testing are CRL testers which operate at a loading rate of 1 kgf/s and therefore reach the breaking force at variable times in the order of 5 s. CRE and CRT type machines would be expected to produce somewhat different results not only because of the inherent difference in operation but because CRE and CRT type machines are to be operated at a rate to ac...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the breaking tenacity of wool fibers as a flat bundle with a 1/8-in. (3.2-mm) clamp separation.  
1.2 This test method is especially adapted to the fiber bundle clamps and strength testing instruments specified, but may be used on other tensile testing machines when equipped with appropriate adapters to accommodate the prescribed clamps.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to wool in any form which can be hand-combed into small bundles of parallelized fibers. Note 1—Other test methods for measuring breaking tenacity of fiber bundles include Test Methods D1294, D1445, and D540.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2013
• ICS: 59.060.10 - Natural fibres
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.13 - Wool and Felt

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2524 − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
Breaking Tenacity of Wool Fibers, Flat Bundle Method— ⁄8-
1
in. (3.2-mm) Gage Length
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2524; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1445 TestMethodforBreakingStrengthandElongationof
Cotton Fibers (Flat Bundle Method)
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the break-
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
1
ing tenacity of wool fibers as a flat bundle with a ⁄8-in.
D4845 Terminology Relating to Wool
(3.2-mm) clamp separation.
D2525 Practice for Sampling Wool for Moisture
1.2 Thistestmethodisespeciallyadaptedtothefiberbundle
clamps and strength testing instruments specified, but may be
3. Terminology
used on other tensile testing machines when equipped with
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.13, Wool and Felt,
appropriate adapters to accommodate the prescribed clamps.
see Terminology D4845.
1.3 This test method is applicable to wool in any form
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
which can be hand-combed into small bundles of parallelized
breaking tenacity, constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type ten-
fibers.
sile testing machine, constant-rate-of-loading (CRL) type ten-
NOTE 1—Other test methods for measuring breaking tenacity of fiber
sile testing machine, constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) type ten-
bundles include Test Methods D1294, D1445, and D540.
sile testing machine, gage length, tenacity, wool.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.2 FordefinitionsofallothertextiletermsseeTerminology
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
D123.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Abundle of fibers is combed until parallel, placed under
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
a uniform tension sufficient to remove as much crimp as
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
possible without stretching the fibers, and secured in special
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
clamps.Thefibersarethencuttoaknownlength,brokeninthe
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tensile testing machine, removed from the clamps, and
2. Referenced Documents weighed. Breaking tenacity is calculated from the ratio of
2 breaking force to bundle linear density. The length measured
2.1 ASTM Standards:
under the applied tension is the basis for computing linear
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
density from bundle mass.
D540 Methods of Testing Man-Made Staple Fibers; Re-
3
placed by D 3660 (Withdrawn 1973)
5. Significance and Uses
D1294 Test Method for Tensile Strength and Breaking Te-
nacity of Wool Fiber Bundles 1-in. (25.4-mm) Gage
5.1 Test Method D2524 for testing wool fibers for tenacity
Length
is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing when the
participating laboratories, using a reference wool, have shown
1 acceptable between-laboratory precision. It is recommended
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Felt.
that any program of acceptance testing be preceded by an
Current edition approved July 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originally
interlaboratory check in the laboratory of the purchaser and the
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D2524 – 95 (2008).
laboratory of the seller on replicate specimens of samples of
DOI: 10.1520/D2524-13.
2
the material to be evaluated. In cases of dispute, the statistical
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
seller should be determined with each comparison being based
the ASTM website.
3 on testing randomized specimens from one sample of material
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. of the type being evaluated.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D2524 − 13
5.2 Values obtained from flat bundle tenacity show a good 6.3.1 Clamps, having a total thickness of 0.465 6 0.001 in.
correlation with values obtained from si
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2524 − 95 (Reapproved 2008) D2524 − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
Breaking Tenacity of Wool Fibers, Flat Bundle Method— ⁄8-
1
in. (3.2-mm) Gage Length
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2524; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the breaking tenacity of wool fibers as a flat bundle with a ⁄8-in. (3.2-mm)
clamp separation.
1.2 This test method is especially adapted to the fiber bundle clamps and strength testing instruments specified, but may be used
on other tensile testing machines when equipped with appropriate adapters to accommodate the prescribed clamps.
1.3 This test method is applicable to wool in any form which can be hand-combed into small bundles of parallelized fibers.
NOTE 1—Other test methods for measuring breaking tenacity of fiber bundles include Test Methods D1294, D1445, and D540.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units in parentheses are provided for
information only.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
3
D540 Methods of Testing Man-Made Staple Fibers; Replaced by D 3660 (Withdrawn 1973)
D1294 Test Method for Tensile Strength and Breaking Tenacity of Wool Fiber Bundles 1-in. (25.4-mm) Gage Length
D1445 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Cotton Fibers (Flat Bundle Method)
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D4845 Terminology Relating to Wool
D2525 Practice for Sampling Wool for Moisture
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 breaking tenacity, n—the tenacity corresponding to the breaking load.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Felt.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008July 1, 2013. Published October 2008August 2013. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 as
D2524 – 95 (2003).(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D2524-95R08.10.1520/D2524-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
Breaking tenacity is commonly expressed as grams-force per tex (gf/tex), grams-force per denier (gf/den), millinewtons per tex
(mN/tex), or millinewtons per denier (mN/den). Millinewtons are numerically equal to the grams-force times 9.81.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D2524 − 13
3.1.2 constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type tensile testing machine, n—in tensile testing, an apparatus in which the pulling
clamp moves at a uniform rate, and the force-measuring mechanism moves a negligible distance with increasing force, less than
0.13 mm (0.005 in.).
3.1.3 constant-rate-of-loading (CRL) type tensile testing machine, n—in tensile testing, an apparatus in which the rate of
increase of the force is uniform with time after the first 3 s and the specimen is free to elongate, this elongation being dependent
on the extension characteristics of the specimen at any applied force.
3.1.4 constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) type tensile testing machine, n—in tensile testing, an apparatus in which the pulling clamp
moves at a uniform rate and the force is applied through the other clamp, which moves appreciably to actuate a force-measuring
mechanism, producing a rate of increase of force or extension that is usually not constant and is dependent on the exte
...