ASTM F2551-09(2016)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Installing a Protective Cementitious Liner System in Sanitary Sewer Manholes
Standard Practice for Installing a Protective Cementitious Liner System in Sanitary Sewer Manholes
ABSTRACT
This practice describes the procedures involved in the structural reinforcement, sealing, protection, and rehabilitation of sanitary sewer manholes by the application of a prepackaged protective cementitious liner system to all cleaned interior surface from the bottom of the frame to the bench. The manholes to which the cementitious liner shall be applied may be made of brick, concrete, block, and various other materials. Detailed descriptions are given for all prepackaged materials necessary for this practice that include materials for substrate repairs, cementitious repair materials, infiltration water control materials, cementitious water control materials, chemical grout materials, and lining materials. Detailed descriptions are also provided for each procedure involved here which includes surface preparation, high pressure cleaning, surface repair, mixing of prepackaged cementitious repair materials, spray application of the cement liner by manual surface sealing or centrifugal cast process, and curing of the freshly applied cementitious mortar.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification describes all the work required to structurally reinforce, seal, and protect sanitary sewer manholes. Applications include applying a prepackaged cementitious liner that can function as a full depth restoration or a partial depth repair. A uniform high-strength, fiber-reinforced cementitious mortar should be manually sprayed and hand troweled or centrifugally cast in a uniform, prescribed thickness to all cleaned, interior surfaces from the bottom of the frame to the bench. The cementitious liner may be applied to manholes constructed of brick, concrete, block, and various other materials.
1.2 A manufacturer’s approved applicator shall furnish the complete application of the protective, prepackaged cementitious liner material. All of the cleaning, preparation, and application procedures shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Manholes are permit required confined spaces in accordance with OSHA definition and should be treated as such, requiring confined space entry permits, appropriate monitoring equipment, and the associated personal protective equipment.
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Designation: F2551 − 09 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Practice for
Installing a Protective Cementitious Liner System in
Sanitary Sewer Manholes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2551; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
A sanitary sewer manhole may be repaired or rehabilitated by applying a prepackaged cementitious
liner to the interior surface after it has been properly prepared and cleaned. Sanitary sewer manholes
can be damaged by dynamic loading, abrasion, erosion, and corrosion.
1. Scope space entry permits, appropriate monitoring equipment, and
the associated personal protective equipment.
1.1 This specification describes all the work required to
structurally reinforce, seal, and protect sanitary sewer man-
2. Referenced Documents
holes. Applications include applying a prepackaged cementi-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tious liner that can function as a full depth restoration or a
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
partial depth repair. A uniform high-strength, fiber-reinforced
drical Concrete Specimens
cementitious mortar should be manually sprayed and hand
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
troweled or centrifugally cast in a uniform, prescribed thick-
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
ness to all cleaned, interior surfaces from the bottom of the
Specimens)
frame to the bench. The cementitious liner may be applied to
C309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com-
manholes constructed of brick, concrete, block, and various
pounds for Curing Concrete
other materials.
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
1.2 A manufacturer’s approved applicator shall furnish the
Concrete
complete application of the protective, prepackaged cementi-
C969 Practice for Infiltration and Exfiltration Acceptance
tious liner material. All of the cleaning, preparation, and
Testing of Installed Precast Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines
application procedures shall be in accordance with the manu-
C1140/C1140M Practice for Preparing and Testing Speci-
facturer’s recommendations.
mens from Shotcrete Test Panels
C1244 Test Method for Concrete Sewer Manholes by the
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Negative Air Pressure (Vacuum) Test Prior to Backfill
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
C1315 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com-
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
pounds Having Special Properties for Curing and Sealing
and are not considered standard.
Concrete
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
F2414 Practice for Sealing Sewer Manholes Using Chemical
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Grouting
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2.2 ACI Standards:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ACI 301-05 Specifications for Structural Concrete
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Manholes are
ACI 305R-99 Hot Weather Concreting
permit required confined spaces in accordance with OSHA
ACI 306R-88 Cold Weather Concreting
definition and should be treated as such, requiring confined
ACI 308R Practice for Curing Concrete
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F36 on Technology For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and Underground Utilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F36.20 contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
on Inspection and Renewal of Water and Wastewater Infrastructure. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F2551-09. DOI: Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), 38800 Country Club Dr.,
10.1520/F2551-09R16. Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3439, http://www.concrete.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2551 − 09 (2016)
ACI 506R Guide to Shotcrete 4.5 Lining Material—Prepackaged cementitious lining ma-
4 terials are specifically designed to repair or rehabilitate sewer
2.3 ICRI Technical Guidelines:
manhole.
Guideline No. 03732 Selecting and Specifying Concrete
Surface Preparation for Sealers, Coatings, and Polymer 4.6 Other Materials—No other material shall be used with
Overlays or added to the prepackaged cementitious liner materials
Guideline No. 03737 Guide for the Preparation of Concrete without prior written approval from the manufacturer.
Surfaces for Repair Using Hydro-demolition Methods
5. Surface Preparation, Cleaning, and Repair
3. Ordering Information
5.1 The applicator is responsible to ensure that the manhole
is properly cleaned and prepared.
3.1 Submittals—Orders for all prepackaged materials listed
under this practice shall include the following:
5.2 Place wooden or plastic covers or other protective
3.1.1 Product data, including manufacturer and brand name; devices over the sewer manhole invert while cleaning the
3.1.2 Technical data stipulating physical characteristics of
manhole wall and bench sections before applying the prepack-
applied liner material; and aged cementitious liner. Wire mesh and fabric filters allowing
3.1.3 Manufacturer’s Safety Data Sheets.
water to pass are also acceptable.
3.2 Delivery, Storage, and Handling: 5.3 Remove all foreign materials from the manhole wall and
3.2.1 The prepackaged cementitious materials should be
bench sections. Remove all loose and protruding bricks,
stored according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. No mortar, and concrete. Remove metal, plastic, or brick stairs, if
modification should be made to the manufacturer’s recommen-
required, before applying the new liner. Fill any large voids
dations for handling and delivery of these products. with fast setting cementitious repair material.
5.4 Surface Cleaning Procedures:
4. Materials and Manufacture
5.4.1 High Pressure Cleaning—Properly cleaning the sur-
face of the structure is critical to the success of this rehabili-
4.1 All prepackaged materials shall be designed,
manufactured, and intended for sewer manhole rehabilitation tation method. Use a high-pressure washer delivering a mini-
mum of 3500 psi (2413 MPa). A minimum of two and a half
and the specific application in which they are used. Each
material shall be designed for application over damp surfaces gallons per minute (9.46 litres per minute) should be delivered
through the spray tip. The spray tip should be kept between 6
without degradation of the final product or the bond between
the product and the manhole surface. and 12 in. (15.24 and 30.48 cm) from the surface and be held
at an angle between 45° and 90° to the surface being cleaned.
4.2 Materials for Substrate Repairs—All voids and irregu-
The spray tip should be directed across the surface at a speed
larities of the substrate should be filled or repaired with
of no more than one foot per second (0.3 metres per second).
structurally sound materials before applying the cementitious
If the surface is especially dirty or greasy, cleaning agents may
liner material.
be added to the pressure washer water or the water may be
4.2.1 Cementitious Repair Materials—Hand mix and apply
heated. When hot water is required, it should be heated to
for filling voids and reforming benches and resurfacing the
210°F (99°C). Care should be taken to clean the frame sealing
brick, concrete walls, and bench surfaces of the sewer man-
surface where the lid fits into the frame, removing any debris
hole. Mix the cement repair material and apply according to the
or other materials that negatively impact the lids ability to seal
manufacturer’s instructions. The cementitious liner material
against the frame. Cleaning should begin with the frame
can be used as the repair material.
surface and progress down to and include the bench. A rotating
4.3 Infiltration Water Control Materials—Specifically for-
spray nozzle may be used for cleaning, if it meets pressure and
mulated for stopping water leaks and minor infiltration.
flow requirements. Care should be taken to avoid further
4.3.1 Cementitious Water Control Materials—Used to stop
structural damage to the existing surface.
flowing water leaks in concrete and masonry structures. This
5.4.2 In some situations, when removing existing coatings
material may be applied in dry form directly to the leak area or
or linings, pneumatic hammers, hydro-demolition, or sand
mixed with potable water to a soft putty consistency for larger
blasting may be required. Refer to Guideline No. 03732 or
active leaks. This material is held in place until it sets and the
Guideline No. 03737.
leak stops. Mix and use according to the manufacturer’s
5.4.3 Some substrates may require more surface preparation
instructions.
including acid washing. If acid washing is performed, the acid
4.3.2 No modification should be made to the products
cleaned surface should be neutralized.
recommendations for handling, mixing, placing, and finishing
5.4.4 Remove any loose material after all preparations and
without the manufacturers prior written approval.
cleaning has been completed. Do not allow soil, sand, debris,
or runoff to enter the sewer system. Properly dispose of any
4.4 Chemical Grout Material—To stop water leaks and
deleterious materials removed from the manhole according to
infiltration with chemical grout, refer to Practice F2414.
local, state, and federal guidelines.
5.5 Surface Repair:
4 5.5.1 Repair the Invert and Bench Sections—Repair any
Available from the International Concrete Repair Institute, Inc. (ICRI), 1000
Westgate Drive, Suite 252, St. Paul, Minnesota 55114, http://www.icri.org. invert and bench section that exhibits visible damage,
F2551 − 09 (2016)
degrada
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2551 − 09 F2551 − 09 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Practice for
Installing a Protective Cementitious Liner System in
Sanitary Sewer Manholes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2551; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
A sanitary sewer manhole may be repaired or rehabilitated by applying a prepackaged cementitious
liner to the interior surface after it has been properly prepared and cleaned. Sanitary sewer manholes
can be damaged by dynamic loading, abrasion, erosion, and corrosion.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification describes all the work required to structurally reinforce, seal, and protect sanitary sewer manholes.
Applications include applying a prepackaged cementitious liner that can function as a full depth restoration or a partial depth repair.
A uniform high-strength, fiber-reinforced cementitious mortar should be manually sprayed and hand troweled or centrifugally cast
in a uniform, prescribed thickness to all cleaned, interior surfaces from the bottom of the frame to the bench. The cementitious
liner may be applied to manholes constructed of brick, concrete, block, and various other materials.
1.2 A manufacturer’s approved applicator shall furnish the complete application of the protective, prepackaged cementitious
liner material. All of the cleaning, preparation, and application procedures shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s
recommendations.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Manholes are permit required confined spaces in accordance with OSHA definition and should be treated
as such, requiring confined space entry permits, appropriate monitoring equipment, and the associated personal protective
equipment.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
C309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
C969 Practice for Infiltration and Exfiltration Acceptance Testing of Installed Precast Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines
C1140C1140/C1140M Practice for Preparing and Testing Specimens from Shotcrete Test Panels
C1244 Test Method for Concrete Sewer Manholes by the Negative Air Pressure (Vacuum) Test Prior to Backfill
C1315 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds Having Special Properties for Curing and Sealing Concrete
F2414 Practice for Sealing Sewer Manholes Using Chemical Grouting
2.2 ACI Standards:
ACI 301-05 Specifications for Structural Concrete
ACI 305R-99 Hot Weather Concreting
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F36 on Technology and Underground Utilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F36.20 on
Inspection and Renewal of Water and Wastewater Infrastructure.
Current edition approved May 1, 2009April 1, 2016. Published June 2009May 2016. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F2551-09.
DOI: 10.1520/F2551-09.10.1520/F2551-09R16.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, 38800 Country Club Dr., Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094,48331-3439, http://www.concrete.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2551 − 09 (2016)
ACI 306R-88 Cold Weather Concreting
ACI 308R Practice for Curing Concrete
ACI 506R Guide to Shotcrete
2.3 ICRI Technical Guidelines:
Guideline No. 03732 Selecting and Specifying Concrete Surface Preparation for Sealers, Coatings, and Polymer Overlays
Guideline No. 03737 Guide for the Preparation of Concrete Surfaces for Repair Using Hydro-demolition Methods
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Submittals—Orders for all prepackaged materials listed under this practice shall include the following:
3.1.1 Product data, including manufacturer and brand name;
3.1.2 Technical data stipulating physical characteristics of applied liner material; and
3.1.3 Manufacturer’s Safety Data Sheets.
3.2 Delivery, Storage, and Handling:
3.2.1 The prepackaged cementitious materials should be stored according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. No
modification should be made to the manufacturer’s recommendations for handling and delivery of these products.
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 All prepackaged materials shall be designed, manufactured, and intended for sewer manhole rehabilitation and the specific
application in which they are used. Each material shall be designed for application over damp surfaces without degradation of the
final product or the bond between the product and the manhole surface.
4.2 Materials for Substrate Repairs—All voids and irregularities of the substrate should be filled or repaired with structurally
sound materials before applying the cementitious liner material.
4.2.1 Cementitious Repair Materials—Hand mix and apply for filling voids and reforming benches and resurfacing the brick,
concrete walls, and bench surfaces of the sewer manhole. Mix the cement repair material and apply according to the manufacturer’s
instructions. The cementitious liner material can be used as the repair material.
4.3 Infiltration Water Control Materials—Specifically formulated for stopping water leaks and minor infiltration.
4.3.1 Cementitious Water Control Materials—Used to stop flowing water leaks in concrete and masonry structures. This
material may be applied in dry form directly to the leak area or mixed with potable water to a soft putty consistency for larger active
leaks. This material is held in place until it sets and the leak stops. Mix and use according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
4.3.2 No modification should be made to the products recommendations for handling, mixing, placing, and finishing without
the manufacturers prior written approval.
4.4 Chemical Grout Material—To stop water leaks and infiltration with chemical grout, refer to Practice F2414.
4.5 Lining Material—Prepackaged cementitious lining materials are specifically designed to repair or rehabilitate sewer
manhole.
4.6 Other Materials—No other material shall be used with or added to the prepackaged cementitious liner materials without
prior written approval from the manufacturer.
5. Surface Preparation, Cleaning, and Repair
5.1 The applicator is responsible to ensure that the manhole is properly cleaned and prepared.
5.2 Place wooden or plastic covers or other protective devices over the sewer manhole invert while cleaning the manhole wall
and bench sections before applying the prepackaged cementitious liner. Wire mesh and fabric filters allowing water to pass are also
acceptable.
5.3 Remove all foreign materials from the manhole wall and bench sections. Remove all loose and protruding bricks, mortar,
and concrete. Remove metal, plastic, or brick stairs, if required, before applying the new liner. Fill any large voids with fast setting
cementitious repair material.
5.4 Surface Cleaning Procedures:
5.4.1 High Pressure Cleaning—Properly cleaning the surface of the structure is critical to the success of this rehabilitation
method. Use a high-pressure washer delivering a minimum of 3500 psi (2413 MPa). A minimum of two and a half gallons per
minute (9.46 litres per minute) should be delivered through the spray tip. The spray tip should be kept between 6 and 12 in. (15.24
and 30.48 cm) from the surface and be held at an angle between 45° and 90° to the surface being cleaned. The spray tip should
be directed across the surface at a speed of no more than one foot per second (0.3 metres per second). If the surface is especially
dirty or greasy, cleaning agents may be added to the pressure washer water or the water may be heated. When hot water is required,
Available from the International Concrete Repair Institute, Inc. (ICRI), 3166 S. River Road, Ste 132, Des Plaines, IL 60018, 1000 Westgate Drive, Suite 252, St. Paul,
Minnesota 55114, http://www.icri.org.
F2551 − 09 (2016)
it should be heated to 210°F (99°C). Care should be taken to clean the frame sealing surface where the lid fits into the frame,
removing any debris or other materials that negatively impact the lids ability to seal against the frame. Cleaning should begin with
the frame surface and progress down to and include the bench. A rotating spray nozzle may be used for cleaning, if it meets
pressure and flow requirements. Care should be taken to avoid further structural damage to the existing surface.
5.4.2 In some situations, when removing existing coatings or linings, pneumatic hammers, hydro-demolition, or sand blasting
may be required. Refer to Guideline No. 03732 or Guideline No. 03737.
5.4.3 Some substrates may require more surface preparation including acid washing. If acid washing is performed, the acid
cleaned surface should be neutralized.
5.4.4 Remove any loose material after all preparations and cleaning has been completed. Do not allow soil, sand, debris, or
runoff to enter the sewer system. Properly dispose of any deleterious materials removed from the manhole according to local, state,
a
...
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