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ASTM B827-05

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Conducting Mixed Flowing Gas (MFG) Environmental Tests

Standard Practice for Conducting Mixed Flowing Gas (MFG) Environmental Tests

SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides procedures for conducting environmental tests involving exposures to controlled quantities of corrosive gas mixtures.
1.2 This practice provides for the required equipment and methods for gas, temperature, and humidity control which enable tests to be conducted in a reproducible manner. Reproducibility is measured through the use of control coupons whose corrosion films are evaluated by mass gain, coulometry, or by various electron and X-ray beam analysis techniques. Reproducibility can also be measured by in situ corrosion rate monitors using electrical resistance or mass/frequency change methods.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 5.1.2.4.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2005
ICS
71.100.20 - Gases for industrial application
Technical Committee
B02 - Nonferrous Metals and Alloys
Drafting Committee
B02.11 - Electrical Contact Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM B827-97(2003) - Standard Practice for Conducting Mixed Flowing Gas (MFG) Environmental Tests
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Replaced By
ASTM B827-05(2009)e1 - Standard Practice for Conducting Mixed Flowing Gas (MFG) Environmental Tests
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Referred By
ASTM B942-21 - Standard Guide for Specification and Quality Assurance for the Electrical Contact Performance of Crimped Wire Terminations
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM B845-97(2018) - Standard Guide for Mixed Flowing Gas (MFG) Tests for Electrical Contacts
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM B826-09(2020) - Standard Test Method for Monitoring Atmospheric Corrosion Tests by Electrical Resistance Probes
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM B825-19 - Standard Test Method for Coulometric Reduction of Surface Films on Metallic Test Samples
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM B867-95(2018) - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Palladium-Nickel for Engineering Use
Effective Date
01-May-2005

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ASTM B827-05 - Standard Practice for Conducting Mixed Flowing Gas (MFG) Environmental TestsASTM B827-05 - Standard Practice for Conducting Mixed Flowing Gas (MFG) Environmental Tests
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ASTM B827-05 - Standard Practice for Conducting Mixed Flowing Gas (MFG) Environmental Tests
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:B827–05
Standard Practice for
1
Conducting Mixed Flowing Gas (MFG) Environmental Tests
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 827; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Tests for Electrodeposits and Related Metallic Coatings
B 808 Test Method for Monitoring of Atmospheric Corro-
1.1 This practice provides procedures for conducting envi-
sion Chambers by Quartz Crystal Microbalances
ronmental tests involving exposures to controlled quantities of
B 810 Test Method for Calibration of Atmospheric Corro-
corrosive gas mixtures.
sion Test Chambers by Change in Mass of Copper Cou-
1.2 This practice provides for the required equipment and
pons
methods for gas, temperature, and humidity control which
B 825 Test Method for Coulometric Reduction of Surface
enable tests to be conducted in a reproducible manner. Repro-
Films on Metallic Test Samples
ducibility is measured through the use of control coupons
B 826 Test Method for Monitoring Atmospheric Corrosion
whose corrosion films are evaluated by mass gain, coulometry,
Tests by Electrical Resistance Probes
or by various electron and X-ray beam analysis techniques.
B 845 Guide for Mixed Flowing Gas (MFG) Tests for
Reproducibility can also be measured by in situ corrosion rate
Electrical Contacts
monitors using electrical resistance or mass/frequency change
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
methods.
D 2912 Test Method for Oxidant Content of the Atmo-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3
sphere (Neutral KI)
standard.
D 2914 Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D 3449 Test Method for Sulfur Dioxide in Workplace At-
responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar
3
mospheres (Barium Perchlorate Method)
with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate
D 3464 Test Method forAverageVelocity in a Duct Using a
Material Safety Data Sheet for this product/material as pro-
Thermal Anemometer
vided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and
D 3609 Practice for Calibration Techniques Using Perme-
health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory
ation Tubes
limitations prior to use. See 5.1.2.4.
D 3824 Test Methods for Continuous Measurement of Ox-
2. Referenced Documents ides of Nitrogen in theAmbient orWorkplaceAtmosphere
2
by the Chemiluminescent Method
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 4230 Test Method of Measuring Humidity With Cooled-
B 542 Terminology Relating to Electrical Contacts and
Surface Condensation (Dew-Point) Hygrometer
Their Use
E 902 Practice for Checking the Operating Characteristics
B 765 Guide for Selection of Porosity and Gross Defects
of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrometers
G91 Practice for Monitoring Atmospheric SO Using Sul-
2
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B02 on Nonferrous
fation Plate Technique
Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B02.11 on
Electrical Contact Test Methods.
3. Terminology
Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originally
3.1 Definitions relating to electrical contacts are in accor-
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as B 827 - 97 (2003).
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
dance with Terminology B 542.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3
the ASTM website. Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B827–05
4. Significance and Use 5.1.1.1 The chamber shall consist of an enclosure made of
nonreactive, low-absorbing, nonmetallic materials contained
4.1 Mixed flowing gas (MFG) tests are used to simulate or
within a cabinet or oven capable of maintaining the tempera-
amplify exposure to environmental conditions which electrical
ture to a maximum tolerance of 61°C with a preferred
contactsorconnectorscanbeexpectedtoexperienceinvarious
4 tolerance held to 60.5°C within the usable chamber working
application environments (1, 2).
space accordance with 7.3, with a means to introduce and
4.2 Test samples which have been exposed to MFG tests
exhaust gases from the chamber.
have ranged from bare metal surfaces, to electrical connectors,
5.1.1.2 The chamber isolates the reactive gases
...

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Standard Practice for Conducting Mixed Flowing Gas (MFG) Environmental Tests

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Mixed flowing gas (MFG) tests are used to simulate or amplify exposure to environmental conditions which electrical contacts or connectors can be expected to experience in various application environments (1, 2).4  
4.2 Test samples which have been exposed to MFG tests have ranged from bare metal surfaces, to electrical connectors, and to complete assemblies.  
4.3 The specific test conditions are usually chosen so as to simulate, in the test laboratory, the effects of certain representative field environments or environmental severity levels on standard metallic surfaces, such as copper and silver coupons or porous gold platings (1, 2).  
4.4 Because MFG tests are simulations, both the test conditions and the degradation reactions (chemical reaction rate, composition of reaction products, etc.) may not always resemble those found in the service environment of the product being tested in the MFG test. A guide to the selection of simulation conditions suitable for a variety of environments is found in Guide B845.  
4.5 The MFG exposures are generally used in conjunction with procedures which evaluate contact or connector electrical performance such as measurement of electrical contact resistance before and after MFG exposure.  
4.6 The MFG tests are useful for connector systems whose contact surfaces are plated or clad with gold or other precious metal finishes. For such surfaces, environmentally produced failures are often due to high resistance or intermittences caused by the formation of insulating contamination in the contact region. This contamination, in the form of films and hard particles, is generally the result of pore corrosion and corrosion product migration or tarnish creepage from pores in the precious metal coating and from unplated base metal boundaries, if present.  
4.7 The MFG exposures can be used to evaluate novel electrical contact metallization for susceptibility to degradation due to environmental exposure to the test corrosive gases...
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1.1 This practice provides procedures for conducting environmental tests involving exposures to controlled quantities of corrosive gas mixtures.  
1.2 This practice provides for the required equipment and methods for gas, temperature, and humidity control which enable tests to be conducted in a reproducible manner. Reproducibility is measured through the use of control coupons whose corrosion films are evaluated by mass gain, coulometry, or by various electron and X-ray beam analysis techniques. Reproducibility can also be measured by in situ corrosion rate monitors using electrical resistance or mass/frequency change methods.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 5.1.2.4.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Water vapor is ubiquitous and a basic contaminant in compressed air. It cannot be eliminated but shall be controlled. Knowledge of the vapor content of compressed air is important for industrial processes to ensure that compressors that generate compressed air are functioning properly and equipment and systems that use the compressed air will function properly and maintain high reliability. This test method describes the measurement of water vapor using direct readout electronic instrumentation. Measurements are provided as dew point/frost point and calculations of related unitless quantities (ppm) are provided. Sampling techniques and warnings are provided to reduce false readings caused by contamination from the sampling method. Dry compressed air typically has a frost point between –80 °C and –40 °C (0.5 PPMV to 127 PPMV) at atmospheric pressure.  
5.2 Measurement of moisture in compressed air can be done after regulating the pressure down to ATM or measured at elevated pressure up to the full system pressure. When measurements are made of the actual dew point (for example, condensation) or the related property of vapor pressure, the value of the dew point (and vapor pressure) is directly affected by the sample pressure since the vapor pressure is a component of the total pressure. The relationship between vapor pressure and moisture content (and dew point) is well defined below 5 MPa, but at greater pressures, additional study needs to be done to define this relationship.  
5.3 Electronic moisture analyzers are also used for measuring moisture levels in other gases, including gaseous fuels. See Test Method D5454. In addition, tunable diode laser spectroscopy (TDLAS) is another technology that may be applicable to detecting moisture in compressed air. This technology is already being used in gases. See Test Method D7904.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the water vapor content in compressed air using portable or in-situ electronic moisture analyzers. Such analyzers commonly use sensing cells based on phosphorus pentoxide, P2O5, aluminum oxide, Al2O3, or silicon piezoelectric-type cells or laser-based technologies.  
1.2 This test method is applicable for the range of condensation temperatures from –80 °C to 60 °C.  
1.3 Testing is often performed at reduced pressure from the full pressure of the system or source of compressed air depending on the capability of the specific analyzer. Testing above 2000 kPa may introduce additional uncertainty because of changes in the relationship between water vapor pressure and actual moisture content at elevated pressures.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Practices for Evaluating the Age Resistance of Polymeric Materials Used in Oxygen Service

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice allows the user to evaluate the effect of service or accelerating aging on the oxygen resistance of polymeric materials used in oxygen service.  
5.2 The use of this practice presupposes that the properties used to evaluate the effect of aging can be shown to relate to the intended use of the material, and are also sensitive to the effect of aging.  
5.3 Polymeric materials will, in general, be more susceptible than metals to aging effects as evidenced by irreversible property loss. Such property loss may lead to catastrophic component failure, including a secondary fire, before primary ignition or combustion of the polymeric material occurs.  
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1.1 These practices describe procedures that are used to determine the age resistance of plastic, thermosetting, elastomeric, and polymer matrix composite materials exposed to oxygen-containing media.  
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1.3 These practices address both established procedures that have a foundation of experience and new procedures that have yet to be validated. The latter are included to promote research and later elaboration in this practice as methods of the former type.  
1.4 The results of these practices may not give exact correlation with service performance since service conditions vary widely and may involve multiple factors such as those listed in 5.8.  
1.5 Three procedures are described for evaluating the age resistance of polymeric materials depending on application and information sought.  
1.5.1 Procedure A: Natural Aging—This procedure is used to simulate the effect(s) of one or more service stressors on a material’s oxygen resistance, and is suitable for evaluating materials that experience continuous or intermittent exposure to elevated temperature during service.  
1.5.2 Procedure B: Accelerated Aging Comparative Oxygen Resistance—This procedure is suitable for evaluating materials that are used in ambient temperature service, or at a temperature that is otherwise lower than the aging temperature, and is useful for developing oxygen compatibility rankings on a laboratory comparison basis.  
1.5.3 Procedure C: Accelerated Aging Lifetime Prediction—This procedure is used to determine the relationship between aging temperature and a fixed level of property change, thereby allowing predictions to be made about the effect of prolonged service on oxidative degra...

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Note 1: The test apparatus described in Section 4 is not suitable for near limit mixtures. Near limit mixtures require a much larger test volume (that is, reaction vessel), and the capability for producing much larger spark energies.  
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1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 The laboratory preparation of gas blends of known composition is required to provide primary standards for the calibration of chromatographic and other types of analytical instrumentation.
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1.1 This practice covers a laboratory procedure for the preparation of low-pressure multicomponent gas blends. The technique is applicable to the blending of components at percent levels and can be extended to lower concentrations by performing dilutions of a previously prepared base blend. The maximum blend pressure obtainable is dependent upon the range of the manometer used, but ordinarily is about 101 kPa (760 mm Hg). Components must not be condensable at the maximum blend pressure.  
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5.1 Knowledge of gas solubility is of extreme importance in the lubrication of gas compressors. It is believed to be a substantial factor in boundary lubrication, where the sudden release of dissolved gas may cause cavitation erosion, or even collapse of the fluid film. In hydraulic and seal oils, gas dissolved at high pressure can cause excessive foaming on release of the pressure. In aviation oils and fuels, the difference in pressure between take-off and cruise altitude can cause foaming out of the storage vessels and interrupt flow to the pumps.
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1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the equilibrium solubility of several common gases encountered in the aerospace industry in hydrocarbon liquids. These include petroleum fractions with densities in the range from 0.63 to 0.90 at 288 K (59°F). The solubilities can be estimated over the temperature range 228 K (−50°F) to 423 K (302°F).  
1.2 This test method is based on the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, Henry's law, and the perfect gas law, with empirically assigned constants for the variation with density and for each gas.  
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5.1 Carbon dioxide gas transmission rate (CO2TR) is an important determinant of the packaging protection afforded by barrier materials. It is not, however, the sole determinant, and additional tests, based on experience, must be used to correlate packaging performance with CO2TR. It is suitable as a referee method of testing, provided that purchaser and seller have agreed on sampling procedures, standardization procedures, test conditions and acceptance criteria.
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1.1 This method covers a procedure for determination of the steady-state rate of transmission of carbon dioxide gas through plastics in the form of film, sheeting, laminates, coextrusions, or plastic-coated papers or fabrics. It provides for the determination of (1) carbon dioxide gas transmission rate (CO2TR), (2) the permeance of the film to carbon dioxide gas (PCO2), and (3) carbon dioxide permeability coefficient (P’CO2) in the case of homogeneous materials.  
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Standard Test Method for Oxygen Transmission Rate Through Dry Packages Using a Coulometric Sensor

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5.1 Oxygen gas transmission rate is an important determinant of the protection afforded by barrier materials. It is not, however, the sole determinant, and additional tests, based on experience, must be used to correlate package performance with O2GTR. This test method is suitable as a referee method of testing, provided that the user and source have agreed on sampling procedures, standardization procedures, test conditions, and acceptance criteria.
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5.1 This test is a functional test in which the water concentration in the product is related to product behavior characteristics in a pressure-reducing system of special design to arrive at a measure of product acceptability in common use applications. Experience has demonstrated that excessive water content (dissolved water) will cause freeze-up difficulties in pressure reducing systems.
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Standard Practice for Conducting Mixed Flowing Gas (MFG) Environmental Tests

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Mixed flowing gas (MFG) tests are used to simulate or amplify exposure to environmental conditions which electrical contacts or connectors can be expected to experience in various application environments (1, 2).4  
4.2 Test samples which have been exposed to MFG tests have ranged from bare metal surfaces, to electrical connectors, and to complete assemblies.  
4.3 The specific test conditions are usually chosen so as to simulate, in the test laboratory, the effects of certain representative field environments or environmental severity levels on standard metallic surfaces, such as copper and silver coupons or porous gold platings (1, 2).  
4.4 Because MFG tests are simulations, both the test conditions and the degradation reactions (chemical reaction rate, composition of reaction products, etc.) may not always resemble those found in the service environment of the product being tested in the MFG test. A guide to the selection of simulation conditions suitable for a variety of environments is found in Guide B845.  
4.5 The MFG exposures are generally used in conjunction with procedures which evaluate contact or connector electrical performance such as measurement of electrical contact resistance before and after MFG exposure.  
4.6 The MFG tests are useful for connector systems whose contact surfaces are plated or clad with gold or other precious metal finishes. For such surfaces, environmentally produced failures are often due to high resistance or intermittences caused by the formation of insulating contamination in the contact region. This contamination, in the form of films and hard particles, is generally the result of pore corrosion and corrosion product migration or tarnish creepage from pores in the precious metal coating and from unplated base metal boundaries, if present.  
4.7 The MFG exposures can be used to evaluate novel electrical contact metallization for susceptibility to degradation due to environmental exposure to the test corrosive gases...
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1.1 This practice provides procedures for conducting environmental tests involving exposures to controlled quantities of corrosive gas mixtures.  
1.2 This practice provides for the required equipment and methods for gas, temperature, and humidity control which enable tests to be conducted in a reproducible manner. Reproducibility is measured through the use of control coupons whose corrosion films are evaluated by mass gain, coulometry, or by various electron and X-ray beam analysis techniques. Reproducibility can also be measured by in situ corrosion rate monitors using electrical resistance or mass/frequency change methods.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 5.1.2.4.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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