ASTM A867-03(2008)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Iron-Silicon Relay Steels
Standard Specification for Iron-Silicon Relay Steels
ABSTRACT
This specification covers wrought iron-silicon (Fe-Si) relay steels that are generally used in the manufacture of electromechanical devices, such as relays and solenoids, requiring higher electrical resistivity, higher permeability, and lower coercivity and residual magnetism than provided by either carbon steels or soft magnetic low-carbon irons. Available forms and conditions are forging billet, hot-rolled product, cold-finished bars, strip, and wire. These steels are not the same as the flat-rolled non-oriented or grain oriented iron-silicon electrical steels covered by ASTM Specifications A 677, A 683 and A 876. The steels covered in this specification have nominal silicon contents of 1.1, 2.3 and 4.0 % Si. Both the 1.1 and 2.3 % Si types are also available in an enhanced machinability composition. Along with chemical composition, steels produced to this specification must meet a specified maximum value of coercive field strength when heat treated according to this specification. Appendices are given containing typical magnetic, physical and mechanical properties and heat treatment.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers wrought iron-silicon (Fe-Si) steels that are generally used in the manufacture of electromechanical devices, such as relays and solenoids, requiring higher electrical resistivity, higher permeability, and lower coercivity and residual magnetism than provided by either carbon steels or soft magnetic low-carbon irons. The steels covered in this specification are:
Steel TypeNominal Composition 1 1.1 % Si-Fe 1F 1.1 % Si-Fe free machining 2 2.3 % Si-Fe 2F 2.3 % Si-Fe free machining 3 4.0 % Si-Fe
1.2 This specification covers steels in the form and condition required for fabrication into parts. The fabricated parts typically require a final heat treatment to obtain the desired magnetic performance. The term mill annealed as used in this specification applies to a heat treatment, typically applied by the producer, intended to improve formability. The mill anneal does not provide the optimum magnetic performance and is not intended to replace the need for the finish annealing of parts.
1.3 This specification covers steels in the form of forging billets, hot-rolled bar and strip, cold-finished bar, wire, and cold-rolled strip in thicknesses up to 0.250 in. (6.35 mm).
1.4 This specification does not cover electrical sheet steels used in transformer and motor laminations.
1.5 This specification does not cover powder metallurgy materials capable of being processed into magnetic core components having similar silicon contents.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:A867 −03(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Specification for
Iron-Silicon Relay Steels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A867; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This specification covers wrought iron-silicon (Fe-Si)
A34/A34MPractice for Sampling and Procurement Testing
steels that are generally used in the manufacture of electrome-
of Magnetic Materials
chanicaldevices,suchasrelaysandsolenoids,requiringhigher
A341/A341MTest Method for Direct Current Magnetic
electrical resistivity, higher permeability, and lower coercivity
Properties of Materials Using D-C Permeameters and the
and residual magnetism than provided by either carbon steels
Ballistic Test Methods
or soft magnetic low-carbon irons. The steels covered in this
A596/A596MTest Method for Direct-Current Magnetic
specification are:
Properties of Materials Using the Ballistic Method and
Steel Type Nominal Composition
Ring Specimens
1 1.1 % Si-Fe
A773/A773MTest Method for dc Magnetic Properties of
1F 1.1 % Si-Fe free machining
Materials Using Ring and Permeameter Procedures with
2 2.3 % Si-Fe
dc Electronic Hysteresigraphs
2F 2.3 % Si-Fe free machining
3 4.0 % Si-Fe
2.2 International Electrotechnical Commission Standard:
IEC 60404-7 Magnetic materials. Part 7: Method of
1.2 This specification covers steels in the form and condi-
measurementofthecoercivityofmagneticmaterialsinan
tion required for fabrication into parts. The fabricated parts
open magnetic circuit
typically require a final heat treatment to obtain the desired
magnetic performance. The term mill annealed as used in this
3. Ordering Information
specification applies to a heat treatment, typically applied by
3.1 Orders to this specification shall include as much of the
the producer, intended to improve formability.The mill anneal
following information as is required to describe the desired
doesnotprovidetheoptimummagneticperformanceandisnot
steel:
intended to replace the need for the finish annealing of parts.
3.1.1 ASTM Specification number and steel type,
1.3 This specification covers steels in the form of forging
3.1.2 Dimensions and tolerances. The tolerances are to be
billets, hot-rolled bar and strip, cold-finished bar, wire, and
mutuallyagreeduponbetweentheconsumerandtheproducer,
cold-rolled strip in thicknesses up to 0.250 in. (6.35 mm).
3.1.3 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),
3.1.4 Form and condition,
1.4 This specification does not cover electrical sheet steels
3.1.5 Magnetic property requirements if they are otherwise
used in transformer and motor laminations.
than stated herein,
1.5 This specification does not cover powder metallurgy
3.1.6 Certification of chemical analysis or magnetic prop-
materials capable of being processed into magnetic core
erty evaluation, or both,
components having similar silicon contents.
3.1.7 Marking and packaging,
3.1.8 End Use—Whenever possible the consumer should
1.6 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
specifywhethertheproductwillbemachined,blankedintoflat
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
pieces, blanked and formed, or deep drawn to shape. This
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
information will help the producer provide the most suitable
and are not considered standard.
product for the consumer’s fabrication practice, and
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.02 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Material Specifications. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published June 2008. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as A867–03. DOI: Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/A0867-03R08. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A867−03 (2008)
3.1.9 Exceptions to this specification or special require- before measurement of the coercive field strength, two differ-
ments. ent sets of requirements are necessary, one for ring and
permeameter testing and one for coercimeter testing.
4. Chemical Composition
6.2 Test Specimen Heat Treatment—The test specimen shall
4.1 The chemical composition requirements are shown in
be heat treated before testing as follows; heat at 845 6 10°C
Table 1. Since magnetic and, possibly, mechanical properties
for4hinawet hydrogen atmosphere (dew point of−20 to
are of primary importance, variations in composition from
5°C) then cool at a rate of 50 to 100°C/h to a temperature less
those shown in Table 1 are permitted by mutual agreement
than540°Cfollowedbyfurthercoolingatanyconvenientrate.
between the consumer and the producer.
For heat treatment of Type 3 steels, dry hydrogen (dew point
less than−40°C) shall be used instead of wet hydrogen.
5. Form and Condition
6.3 Conventional dc Magnetic Testing:
5.1 As the silicon content increases, cold working becomes
6.3.1 Either ring or permeameter techniques may be used.
more difficult, hence, not all product forms are available in
For ring specimens either Test Methods A596/A596M or
each type of steel. The desired form and condition should be
A773/A773M is permitted. For straight-length specimens,
specified and discussed with the producer to assure receiving
either Test Methods A341/A341M or A773/A773M is permit-
the appropriate product. Available forms and conditions are:
ted.
5.1.1 ForgingBillet(allsteeltypes)—Billetsurfaceground,
6.3.2 Wheneverpossible,testspecimensizeandshapeshall
grit blasted, or acid cleaned.
conform to Practice A34/A34M. The densities of these steels
5.1.2 Hot-Rolled Product (all steel types)—Hot rolled, hot
for testing purposes are listed in Table X1.1.
rolled and acid cleaned, and hot-rolled and mechanically
6.3.3 Requirements—The coercive force requirements of
cleaned.
specimens heat treated in accordance with 6.2 are shown in
5.1.3 Cold-FinishedBars—Millannealed,centerlessground
Table 2. The coercive field strength shall be measured from a
(all steel types), cold drawn (all grades up to 0.500 in. (12.7
maximum flux density of 10.0 kG (1.00 T).
mm) round), cold-processed shapes such as squares, rect-
6.4 Coercimeter Testing:
angles, hexagons (all types except Type 3), centerless ground,
and machine turned. 6.4.1 Coercimeters are permitted provided it is demon-
stratedthatfluxdensityinthetestspecimenreachesatleast15
5.1.4 Strip(alltypesexceptType3)—As-suppliedcondition
must be specified a
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