ASTM F2219-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Measuring High-Speed Bat Performance
Standard Test Methods for Measuring High-Speed Bat Performance
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods offer a laboratory measure of the performance of baseball and softball bats.
Use of these test methods can provide quantitative metrics of bat performance.
SCOPE
1.1 A method for determining bat performance by measuring the bat-ball coefficient of restitution (BBCOR), deriving the ball exit speed ratio (BESR), and calculating a batted-ball speed (BBS). It is applicable to baseball and softball bats of any construction or material. The test methods provide quantitative measures of bat dynamic performance that may be used for comparison purposes.
1.2 The BBCOR, BESR, and BBS are each calculated from measurements taken in the laboratory on test equipment meeting the requirements defined in this standard.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F2219 − 11 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
1
Measuring High-Speed Bat Performance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2219; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 A method for determining bat performance by measur- 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ing the bat-ball coefficient of restitution (BBCOR), deriving 3.1.1 balance point (BP), n—distance to the center of mass
the ball exit speed ratio (BESR), and calculating a batted-ball from the knob end of the bat.
speed (BBS). It is applicable to baseball and softball bats of
3.1.2 ball exit speed ratio (BESR), n—ratio of ball exit
any construction or material. The test methods provide quan-
1
speed to the ball inbound speed plus ⁄2 .
titative measures of bat dynamic performance that may be used
3.1.3 bat-ball coeffıcient of restitution (BBCOR), n—COR
for comparison purposes.
of a specific ball colliding with a bat.
1.2 The BBCOR, BESR, and BBS are each calculated from
3.1.4 batted ball speed (BBS), n—the speed that a ball
measurements taken in the laboratory on test equipment
would be hit off a bat in play based on given pitch and bat
meeting the requirements defined in this standard.
speeds.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1.5 coeffıcient of restitution (COR), n—measure of impact
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
efficiency calculated as the relative speed of the objects after
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
impact divided by the relative speed of the objects before
and are not considered standard.
impact.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.6 cylindrical coeffıcient of restitution (CCOR), n—the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ratio of the rebound to incoming speed of a ball impacting a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
solid rigid cylinder.
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
3.1.7 dynamic stiffness (DS), n—a normalized measure of
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the ball impact force having units of stiffness (lb/in. or kN/m).
It is obtained by dividing the square of the peak force between
2. Referenced Documents
the ball and impact surface by the ball mass and the square of
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the incoming ball speed.
F1887 Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Resti-
3.1.8 moment of inertia (MOI), n—measure of mass distri-
tution (COR) of Baseballs and Softballs
bution relative to an axis of rotation. It is the product of the
F1888 Test Method for Compression-Displacement of Base-
mass multiplied by the square of the distance to the mass,
balls and Softballs
summed over the entire bat.
F2398 Test Method for Measuring Moment of Inertia and
Center of Percussion of a Baseball or Softball Bat
3.1.9 test sponsor, n—group,associationorindividualspeci-
F2845 Test Method for Measuring the Dynamic Stiffness fying test requirements including ball specifications, perfor-
(DS)andCylindricalCoefficientofRestitution(CCOR)of
mance measure, and test speed.
Baseballs and Softballs
4. Significance and Use
4.1 These test methods offer a laboratory measure of the
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on
performance of baseball and softball bats.
Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and are the direct responsibility
of Subcommittee F08.26 on Baseball and Softball Equipment. 4.2 Use of these test methods can provide quantitative
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originally
metrics of bat performance.
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F2219 – 10. DOI:
10.1520/F2219-11.
2
5. Apparatus and Equipment
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1 Test Balls—Baseballs or softballs as determined by the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. test sponsor.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F2219 − 11
5.1.1 Ball specification values are to be recorded and traced gate shall be mounted at approximately 25° relative to the
to individual balls. inbound ball path (to provide room for the speed gates).
5.2.3.2 High-Speed Camera—A high-speed video camera
5.2 Bat-Ball T
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:F2219–10 Designation:F2219–11
Standard Test Methods for
1
Measuring High-Speed Bat Performance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2219; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 A method for determining bat performance by measuring the bat-ball coefficient of restitution (BBCOR), deriving the ball
exit speed ratio (BESR), and calculating a batted-ball speed (BBS). It is applicable to baseball and softball bats of any construction
or material. The test methods provide quantitative measures of bat dynamic performance that may be used for comparison
purposes.
1.2 The BBCOR, BESR, and BBS are each calculated from measurements taken in the laboratory on test equipment meeting
the requirements defined in this standard.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1887
F1887 Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Restitution (COR) of Baseballs and Softballs
F1888
F1888 Test Method for Compression-Displacement of Baseballs and Softballs
F2398 Test Method for Measuring Moment of Inertia and Center of Percussion of a Baseball or Softball Bat Test Method for
Measuring Moment of Inertia and Center of Percussion of a Baseball or Softball Bat
F2845 Test Method for Measuring the Dynamic Stiffness (DS) and Cylindrical Coefficient of Restitution (CCOR) of Baseballs
and Softballs
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 balance point (BP), n—distance to the center of mass of a bat when measured from the distal end of the bat. —distance
to the center of mass from the knob end of the bat.
3.1.2 ball exit speed (v), ball exit speed ratio (BESR), n—outbound speed of a ball following impact with a bat as defined in
r
1
these test methods. —ratio of ball exit speed to the ball inbound speed plus ⁄2 .
3.1.3 ball exit speed ratio (BESR)bat-ball coefficient of restitution (BBCOR), n—ratio of ball exit speed (v ) to ball inbound
r
1
speed (v ) plus ⁄2 , as determined by these test methods. —COR of a specific ball colliding with a bat.
i
3.1.4 ball inbound speed (v), batted ball speed (BBS), n—inbound speed of a ball prior to impact with a bat as defined in this
i
test method. —the speed that a ball would be hit off a bat in play based on given pitch and bat speeds.
3.1.5 bat-ball coeffıcient of restitution (BBCOR)—COR of a specific ball colliding with a bat as defined in these test methods.
See coeffıcient of restitution (COR).
3.1.6coeffıcient of restitution (COR), n—measure of impact efficiency calculated as the relative speed of the objects after impact
divided by the relative speed of the objects before impact.
3.1.6 cylindrical coeffıcient of restitution (CCOR), n—the ratio of the rebound to incoming speed of a ball impacting a solid
rigid cylinder.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment and Facilities and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.26
on Baseball and Softball Equipment.
Current edition approved MayNov. 1, 2010.2011. Published June 2010.December 2011. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20092010 as
F2219 – 109. DOI: 10.1520/F2219-101.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2219–11
3.1.7 dynamic stiffness (DS), n—a normalized measure of the ball impact force having units of stiffness (lb/in. or kN/m). It is
obtained by dividing the square of the peak force between the
...
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