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ASTM D7665-10(2014)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Evaluation of Biodegradable Heat Transfer Fluids

Standard Guide for Evaluation of Biodegradable Heat Transfer Fluids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The significance of each test method depends upon the system in use and the purpose of the test method as listed under Section 5. Use the most recent editions of ASTM test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide2 covers general information, without specific limits, for selecting standard test methods for evaluating heat transfer fluids for quality and aging. These test methods are considered particularly useful in characterizing biodegradable water free heat transfer fluids in closed systems.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2014
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
75.120 - Hydraulic fluids
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.L0.06 - Non-Lubricating Process Fluids
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7665-10 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Biodegradable Heat Transfer Fluids
Effective Date
01-Dec-2014
Referred By
ASTM D8046-21 - Standard Guide for Pumpability of Heat Transfer Fluids
Effective Date
01-Dec-2014

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7665 − 10 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Guide for
1
Evaluation of Biodegradable Heat Transfer Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7665; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
2
by Potentiometric Titration
1.1 This guide covers general information, without specific
D893 Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils
limits, for selecting standard test methods for evaluating heat
D1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
transfer fluids for quality and aging. These test methods are
Reduced Pressure
considered particularly useful in characterizing biodegradable
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
water free heat transfer fluids in closed systems.
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
ucts by Hydrometer Method
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D1500 Test Method forASTM Color of Petroleum Products
standard.
(ASTM Color Scale)
D2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-
2. Referenced Documents
matic Viscosity at 40 and 100°C
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2717 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at D2766 Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and Solids
Atmospheric Pressure
D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-
D91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of Lubricating troleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
Oils
D2879 Test Method for Vapor Pressure-Temperature Rela-
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland tionship and Initial Decomposition Temperature of Liq-
Open Cup Tester
uids by Isoteniscope
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
D4530 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue
Closed Cup Tester
(Micro Method)
D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and
D5864 Test Method for Determining Aerobic Aquatic Bio-
Bituminous Materials by Distillation degradation of Lubricants or Their Components
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D6384 Terminology Relating to Biodegradability and Eco-
D189 Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of Petro- toxicity of Lubricants
leum Products
D6743 Test Method for Thermal Stability of Organic Heat
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent Transfer Fluids
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
D7044 Specification for Biodegradable Fire Resistant Hy-
ity) draulic Fluids
D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
E659 Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid
D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Chemicals
Petroleum Products
G4 Guide for Conducting Corrosion Tests in Field Applica-
tions
4
2.2 OECD Standards:
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
Test No. 203 : Fish, Acute Toxicity Test
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee D02.L0.06 on Non-Lubricating Process Fluids.
3. Terminology
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published February 2015. Originally
approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D7665 – 10. DOI:
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
10.1520/D7665-10R14.
2
3.1.1 fluid aging—process of fluid degradation associated
The background for this standard was developed by a questionnaire circulated
by ASTM-ASLE technical division L-VI-2 and reported in Lubrication
with the loss of intended performance of the fluid, which
Engineering, Vol 32, No. 8, August 1976, pp. 411–416.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2, rue
the ASTM website. André Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7665 − 10 (2014)
includes fluid composition changes, soot formation, and the nitrogen pressure on the heat exchange systems minimizes
deposit of materials on a surface (fouling). entry of air or moisture. Heat transfer systems operating at
temperaturesof120°Corgreatershall,forreasonsofsafety,be
3.1.2 fluid quality—describes the fluid’s appropriateness for
dry, because destructive high pressures are generated when
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7665 − 10 D7665 − 10 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Guide for
1
Evaluation of Biodegradable Heat Transfer Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7665; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
2
1.1 This guide covers general information, without specific limits, for selecting standard test methods for evaluating heat
transfer fluids for quality and aging. These test methods are considered particularly useful in characterizing biodegradable water
free heat transfer fluids in closed systems.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of Lubricating Oils
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D189 Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D893 Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils
D1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced Pressure
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Hydrometer Method
D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)
D2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40 and 100°C
D2717 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids
D2766 Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and Solids
D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
D2879 Test Method for Vapor Pressure-Temperature Relationship and Initial Decomposition Temperature of Liquids by
Isoteniscope
D4530 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue (Micro Method)
D5864 Test Method for Determining Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation of Lubricants or Their Components
D6384 Terminology Relating to Biodegradability and Ecotoxicity of Lubricants
D6743 Test Method for Thermal Stability of Organic Heat Transfer Fluids
D7044 Specification for Biodegradable Fire Resistant Hydraulic Fluids
E659 Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid Chemicals
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.L0.06 on Non-Lubricating Process Fluids.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010Dec. 1, 2014. Published October 2010February 2015. Originally approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as
D7665 – 10. DOI: 10.1520/D7665-10.10.1520/D7665-10R14.
2
The background for this standard was developed by a questionnaire circulated by ASTM-ASLE technical division L-VI-2 and reported in Lubrication Engineering, Vol
32, No. 8, August 1976, pp. 411–416.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7665 − 10 (2014)
G4 Guide for Conducting Corrosion Tests in Field Applications
4
2.2 OECD Standards:
Test No. 203 : Fish, Acute Toxicity Test
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 fluid aging—process of fluid degradation associated with the loss of intended performance of the fluid, which includes
fluid composition changes, soot formation, and the deposit of materials on a surface (fouling).
3.1.2 fluid quality—describes the fluid’s appropriateness for the intended application includ
...

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ASTM D7596-23(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use in analytical laboratories including on-site in-service oil analysis laboratories. Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is often employed for wear metal analysis (Test Methods D5185 and D6595). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (Test Methods D445, D2896, D6304, and D7279). Molecular spectroscopy (Practice E2412) provides direct information on molecular species of interest including additives, lubricant degradation products and contaminating fluids such as water, fuel and glycol. Direct imaging integrated testers provide complementary information on particle count, particle size, particle type, and soot content.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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5.2 Hard particles in lubricating or fluid power systems have a detrimental effect on the system as they cause operating components to wear and also accelerate the degradation of the oil. Hard particles in the oil originate from a variety of sources including generation from within an operating fluid system or contamination, which may occur during the storage and handling of new oils or via ingress into an operating fluid system.  
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5.6 Certain additives or additive by-products that are semi-insoluble or insoluble in oil, namely the polydimethylsiloxane defoamant additive and oxidation by-products, are known to cause light scattering in automatic particle counters, which in turn causes falsely high counts. These and similar materials are commonly termed “soft particles” (see 3.1.6) and are not known to directly increase wear and erosion within an operating system. The contribution of these particles to the particle size cumulative count is negated with this method.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle concentration and particle size distribution in new and in-service oils used for lubrication and hydraulic purposes.  
1.2 Particles considered are in the range from 4 µm (c) to 200 µm (c) with the upper limit being dependent on the specific automatic particle counter being used.
Note 1: For the purpose of this test method, water droplets not masked by the diluent procedure are detected as particles, and agglomerated particles are detected and reported as a single larger particle.
Note 2: The subscript (c) is used to denote that the apparatus has been calibrated in accordance with ISO 11171. This subscript (c) strictly only applies to particles up to 50 µm.  
1.3 Lubricants that can be analyzed by this test method are categorized as petroleum products or synthetic based products, such as: polyalpha olefin, polyalkylene glycol, or phosphate ester. Applicable viscosity range is up to 1000 mm2/s at 40 °C. This procedure may be appropriate for other petroleum and synthetic based lubricants not included in the precision statement.  
1.4 Samples containing visible particles may not be suitable for analysis using this test method.  
1.5 Samples that are opaque after dilution are not suitable for analysis using this test method.  
1.6 The test method is specific to automatic particle counters that use the light extinction principle and are calibrated according to the latest revision of ISO 11171.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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Standard Test Method for Automatic Particle Counting and Particle Shape Classification of Oils Using a Direct Imaging Integrated Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle concentration, particle size distribution, particle shape, and soot content for new and in-service oils used for lubrication and hydraulic systems by a direct imaging integrated tester.  
1.1.1 The test method is applicable to petroleum and synthetic based fluids. Samples from 2 mm2/s to 150 mm2/s at 40 °C may be processed directly. Samples of greater viscosity may be processed after solvent dilution.  
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1.1.5 Soot is determined up to approximately 1.5 % by weight.  
1.1.6 This test method uses objects of known linear dimension for calibration.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D8385-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Dry Filterability of Lubricants and Hydraulic Fluids by Mass Flow Technique

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Precision equipment and high pressure hydraulic machinery require filtered lubricants and fluids to prevent damage from the circulation of hard particulate contaminants. Three types of particulate contaminants are present in lubricants and hydraulic fluids: built in contaminants from the machinery assembly process, generated contaminants from equipment wear, and contaminants that enter from external sources.  
5.2 The ability of lubricants and hydraulic fluids to retain their filterability is critical for efficient and reliable machine performance. Normally, the pressure differential across a filter will increase gradually as the filter accumulates dirt, sludge, and wear debris. In order to prevent the filter from collapsing, bypass valves in the filter assembly open when the differential pressure gets too high. If a filter becomes blocked by precipitating additives or other contaminants, the bypass valve will open. This can lead to an equipment shutdown or circulation of damaging particles throughout the machine.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the dry filterability of lubricants and hydraulic fluids based upon mass flow rate measurements through a 0.8 µm membrane after ageing (Note 1). The procedure applies to lubricants and hydraulic fluids that are formulated with American Petroleum Institute (API) Group I, II, III, IV, and certain V base stocks. Products formulated with water or base stocks that are heavier than water are out of scope.
Note 1: This test method is similar to ISO 13357 but differs from the ISO method in the manner by which filterability is assessed. In ISO 13357, volume flow rates are used to determine filterability. In this test method, mass flow rates are used. Measurements of filterability based on mass flow rates facilitate automation and can be less susceptible to operator error.
Note 2: Residual water due to atmospheric conditions or contaminants is in scope for these samples and it is typically low for most in process samples.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7665-22(Guide)
Standard Guide for Evaluation of Biodegradable Heat Transfer Fluids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The significance of each test method depends upon the system in use and the purpose of the test method as listed under Section 5. Use the most recent editions of ASTM test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide2 covers general information, without specific limits, for selecting standard test methods for evaluating heat transfer fluids for quality and aging. These test methods are considered particularly useful in characterizing biodegradable water-free heat transfer fluids in closed systems.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Guide
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ASTM
ASTM D4307-17(2021)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The laboratory preparation of liquid blends of known composition is required to provide analytical standards for the calibration of chromatographic and other types of analytical instrumentation.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a laboratory procedure for the preparation of small volumes of multicomponent liquid blends for use as analytical standards.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to components that are normally liquids at ambient temperature and pressure, or solids that will form a solution when blended with liquids. Butanes can be included if precaution is used in blending them.  
1.3 This practice is limited to those components that fulfill the following conditions:  
1.3.1 They are completely soluble in the final blend.  
1.3.2 They are not reactive with other blend components or with blend containers.  
1.3.3 The combined vapor pressure of the blended components is such that there is no selective evaporation of any of the components.
1.3.3.1 The butane content of the blend is not to exceed 10 %. (Warning—Extremely flammable liquefied gas under pressure. Vapor reduces oxygen available for breathing.) Components with a vapor pressure higher than butanes are not to be blended.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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